commit f468c15262fb7b05292e2342b5483c0446731a95
Author: Lucas Oskorep <lucas.oskorep@rokt.com>
Date:   Mon Oct 19 17:08:35 2026 -0400

    Initial commit: pure-Rust cross-platform Insta360 Link controller suite

diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..33abbf1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+/target/
+.DS_Store
+*.log
+*.swp
diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..041fc9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -0,0 +1,4793 @@
+# This file is automatically @generated by Cargo.
+# It is not intended for manual editing.
+version = 4
+
+[[package]]
+name = "ab_glyph"
+version = "0.2.32"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "01c0457472c38ea5bd1c3b5ada5e368271cb550be7a4ca4a0b4634e9913f6cc2"
+dependencies = [
+ "ab_glyph_rasterizer",
+ "owned_ttf_parser",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "ab_glyph_rasterizer"
+version = "0.1.10"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "366ffbaa4442f4684d91e2cd7c5ea7c4ed8add41959a31447066e279e432b618"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "accesskit"
+version = "0.16.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "99b76d84ee70e30a4a7e39ab9018e2b17a6a09e31084176cc7c0b2dec036ba45"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "accesskit_atspi_common"
+version = "0.9.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f5393c75d4666f580f4cac0a968bc97c36076bb536a129f28210dac54ee127ed"
+dependencies = [
+ "accesskit",
+ "accesskit_consumer",
+ "atspi-common",
+ "serde",
+ "thiserror 1.0.69",
+ "zvariant",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "accesskit_consumer"
+version = "0.24.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7a12dc159d52233c43d9fe5415969433cbdd52c3d6e0df51bda7d447427b9986"
+dependencies = [
+ "accesskit",
+ "immutable-chunkmap",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "accesskit_macos"
+version = "0.17.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "bfc6c1ecd82053d127961ad80a8beaa6004fb851a3a5b96506d7a6bd462403f6"
+dependencies = [
+ "accesskit",
+ "accesskit_consumer",
+ "objc2 0.5.3",
+ "objc2-app-kit 0.2.2",
+ "objc2-foundation 0.2.2",
+ "once_cell",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "accesskit_unix"
+version = "0.12.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "be7f5cf6165be10a54b2655fa2e0e12b2509f38ed6fc43e11c31fdb7ee6230bb"
+dependencies = [
+ "accesskit",
+ "accesskit_atspi_common",
+ "async-channel",
+ "async-executor",
+ "async-task",
+ "atspi",
+ "futures-lite",
+ "futures-util",
+ "serde",
+ "zbus",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "accesskit_windows"
+version = "0.23.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "974e96c347384d9133427167fb8a58c340cb0496988dacceebdc1ed27071023b"
+dependencies = [
+ "accesskit",
+ "accesskit_consumer",
+ "paste",
+ "static_assertions",
+ "windows 0.58.0",
+ "windows-core 0.58.0",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "accesskit_winit"
+version = "0.22.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "aea3522719f1c44564d03e9469a8e2f3a98b3a8a880bd66d0789c6b9c4a669dd"
+dependencies = [
+ "accesskit",
+ "accesskit_macos",
+ "accesskit_unix",
+ "accesskit_windows",
+ "raw-window-handle",
+ "winit",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "adler2"
+version = "2.0.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "320119579fcad9c21884f5c4861d16174d0e06250625266f50fe6898340abefa"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "ahash"
+version = "0.8.12"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "5a15f179cd60c4584b8a8c596927aadc462e27f2ca70c04e0071964a73ba7a75"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if",
+ "getrandom 0.3.4",
+ "once_cell",
+ "version_check",
+ "zerocopy",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "aho-corasick"
+version = "1.1.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "c982642fa9e8606056828ee9a8505737230110bb1099153c79efe865c59d12ba"
+dependencies = [
+ "memchr",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "android-activity"
+version = "0.6.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0f2a1bb052857d5dd49572219344a7332b31b76405648eabac5bc68978251bcd"
+dependencies = [
+ "android-properties",
+ "bitflags 2.13.2",
+ "cc",
+ "jni",
+ "libc",
+ "log",
+ "ndk",
+ "ndk-context",
+ "ndk-sys 0.6.0+11769913",
+ "num_enum",
+ "thiserror 2.0.21",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "android-properties"
+version = "0.2.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "fc7eb209b1518d6bb87b283c20095f5228ecda460da70b44f0802523dea6da04"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "android_system_properties"
+version = "0.1.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ae221649c9976a6f6c56ae1facf410f3ddb33cc661c4b7b61020a912d4237fbc"
+dependencies = [
+ "libc",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "anstream"
+version = "1.0.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "824a212faf96e9acacdbd09febd34438f8f711fb84e09a8916013cd7815ca28d"
+dependencies = [
+ "anstyle",
+ "anstyle-parse",
+ "anstyle-query",
+ "anstyle-wincon",
+ "colorchoice",
+ "is_terminal_polyfill",
+ "utf8parse",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "anstyle"
+version = "1.0.14"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "940b3a0ca603d1eade50a4846a2afffd5ef57a9feac2c0e2ec2e14f9ead76000"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "anstyle-parse"
+version = "1.0.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "52ce7f38b242319f7cabaa6813055467063ecdc9d355bbb4ce0c68908cd8130e"
+dependencies = [
+ "utf8parse",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "anstyle-query"
+version = "1.1.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "40c48f72fd53cd289104fc64099abca73db4166ad86ea0b4341abe65af83dadc"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-sys 0.61.2",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "anstyle-wincon"
+version = "3.0.11"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "291e6a250ff86cd4a820112fb8898808a366d8f9f58ce16d1f538353ad55747d"
+dependencies = [
+ "anstyle",
+ "once_cell_polyfill",
+ "windows-sys 0.61.2",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "arboard"
+version = "3.7.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "aeb9553e62312c8756a5979254fc6d7da8bbeb5986a1e17037fab932f7037917"
+dependencies = [
+ "clipboard-win",
+ "log",
+ "objc2 0.6.5",
+ "objc2-app-kit 0.3.2",
+ "objc2-foundation 0.3.2",
+ "parking_lot",
+ "percent-encoding",
+ "windows-sys 0.61.2",
+ "x11rb",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "arrayref"
+version = "0.3.9"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "76a2e8124351fda1ef8aaaa3bbd7ebbcb486bbcd4225aca0aa0d84bb2db8fecb"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "arrayvec"
+version = "0.7.8"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d3fb67a6e08acf24fdeccbac2cb6ac4305825bd1f117462e0e6f2f193345ad56"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "as-raw-xcb-connection"
+version = "1.0.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "175571dd1d178ced59193a6fc02dde1b972eb0bc56c892cde9beeceac5bf0f6b"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "ash"
+version = "0.38.0+1.3.281"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0bb44936d800fea8f016d7f2311c6a4f97aebd5dc86f09906139ec848cf3a46f"
+dependencies = [
+ "libloading",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "async-broadcast"
+version = "0.7.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "435a87a52755b8f27fcf321ac4f04b2802e337c8c4872923137471ec39c37532"
+dependencies = [
+ "event-listener",
+ "event-listener-strategy",
+ "futures-core",
+ "pin-project-lite",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "async-channel"
+version = "2.5.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "924ed96dd52d1b75e9c1a3e6275715fd320f5f9439fb5a4a11fa51f4221158d2"
+dependencies = [
+ "concurrent-queue",
+ "event-listener-strategy",
+ "futures-core",
+ "pin-project-lite",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "async-executor"
+version = "1.14.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "c96bf972d85afc50bf5ab8fe2d54d1586b4e0b46c97c50a0c9e71e2f7bcd812a"
+dependencies = [
+ "async-task",
+ "concurrent-queue",
+ "fastrand",
+ "futures-lite",
+ "pin-project-lite",
+ "slab",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "async-fs"
+version = "2.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "8034a681df4aed8b8edbd7fbe472401ecf009251c8b40556b304567052e294c5"
+dependencies = [
+ "async-lock",
+ "blocking",
+ "futures-lite",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "async-io"
+version = "2.6.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "456b8a8feb6f42d237746d4b3e9a178494627745c3c56c6ea55d92ba50d026fc"
+dependencies = [
+ "autocfg",
+ "cfg-if",
+ "concurrent-queue",
+ "futures-io",
+ "futures-lite",
+ "parking",
+ "polling",
+ "rustix 1.1.5",
+ "slab",
+ "windows-sys 0.61.2",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "async-lock"
+version = "3.4.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "290f7f2596bd5b78a9fec8088ccd89180d7f9f55b94b0576823bbbdc72ee8311"
+dependencies = [
+ "event-listener",
+ "event-listener-strategy",
+ "pin-project-lite",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "async-process"
+version = "2.5.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "fc50921ec0055cdd8a16de48773bfeec5c972598674347252c0399676be7da75"
+dependencies = [
+ "async-channel",
+ "async-io",
+ "async-lock",
+ "async-signal",
+ "async-task",
+ "blocking",
+ "cfg-if",
+ "event-listener",
+ "futures-lite",
+ "rustix 1.1.5",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "async-recursion"
+version = "1.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "4f8abc12baad266b1c8cec146854c195b5864b4221d4b2ca7296a7ae82d9e451"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 3.0.9",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "async-signal"
+version = "0.2.14"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "52b5aaafa020cf5053a01f2a60e8ff5dccf550f0f77ec54a4e47285ac2bab485"
+dependencies = [
+ "async-io",
+ "async-lock",
+ "atomic-waker",
+ "cfg-if",
+ "futures-core",
+ "futures-io",
+ "rustix 1.1.5",
+ "signal-hook-registry",
+ "slab",
+ "windows-sys 0.61.2",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "async-task"
+version = "4.7.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "8b75356056920673b02621b35afd0f7dda9306d03c79a30f5c56c44cf256e3de"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "async-trait"
+version = "0.1.92"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "82f6aeea286b8eb4dd3431a1be1b59d290ace00f5bfd8e2a159bc2a05e2c1667"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 3.0.9",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "atomic-waker"
+version = "1.1.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1505bd5d3d116872e7271a6d4e16d81d0c8570876c8de68093a09ac269d8aac0"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "atspi"
+version = "0.22.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "be534b16650e35237bb1ed189ba2aab86ce65e88cc84c66f4935ba38575cecbf"
+dependencies = [
+ "atspi-common",
+ "atspi-connection",
+ "atspi-proxies",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "atspi-common"
+version = "0.6.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1909ed2dc01d0a17505d89311d192518507e8a056a48148e3598fef5e7bb6ba7"
+dependencies = [
+ "enumflags2",
+ "serde",
+ "static_assertions",
+ "zbus",
+ "zbus-lockstep",
+ "zbus-lockstep-macros",
+ "zbus_names",
+ "zvariant",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "atspi-connection"
+version = "0.6.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "430c5960624a4baaa511c9c0fcc2218e3b58f5dbcc47e6190cafee344b873333"
+dependencies = [
+ "atspi-common",
+ "atspi-proxies",
+ "futures-lite",
+ "zbus",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "atspi-proxies"
+version = "0.6.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "a5e6c5de3e524cf967569722446bcd458d5032348554d9a17d7d72b041ab7496"
+dependencies = [
+ "atspi-common",
+ "serde",
+ "zbus",
+ "zvariant",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "autocfg"
+version = "1.5.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f2032f911046de80f0a198e0901378627c33f59ea0ac00e363d481118bd70a53"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "axum"
+version = "0.7.9"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "edca88bc138befd0323b20752846e6587272d3b03b0343c8ea28a6f819e6e71f"
+dependencies = [
+ "async-trait",
+ "axum-core",
+ "base64",
+ "bytes",
+ "futures-util",
+ "http",
+ "http-body",
+ "http-body-util",
+ "hyper",
+ "hyper-util",
+ "itoa",
+ "matchit",
+ "memchr",
+ "mime",
+ "percent-encoding",
+ "pin-project-lite",
+ "rustversion",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_json",
+ "serde_path_to_error",
+ "serde_urlencoded",
+ "sha1",
+ "sync_wrapper",
+ "tokio",
+ "tokio-tungstenite",
+ "tower",
+ "tower-layer",
+ "tower-service",
+ "tracing",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "axum-core"
+version = "0.4.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "09f2bd6146b97ae3359fa0cc6d6b376d9539582c7b4220f041a33ec24c226199"
+dependencies = [
+ "async-trait",
+ "bytes",
+ "futures-util",
+ "http",
+ "http-body",
+ "http-body-util",
+ "mime",
+ "pin-project-lite",
+ "rustversion",
+ "sync_wrapper",
+ "tower-layer",
+ "tower-service",
+ "tracing",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "base64"
+version = "0.22.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "72b3254f16251a8381aa12e40e3c4d2f0199f8c6508fbecb9d91f575e0fbb8c6"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "bit-set"
+version = "0.6.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f0481a0e032742109b1133a095184ee93d88f3dc9e0d28a5d033dc77a073f44f"
+dependencies = [
+ "bit-vec",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "bit-vec"
+version = "0.7.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d2c54ff287cfc0a34f38a6b832ea1bd8e448a330b3e40a50859e6488bee07f22"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "bitflags"
+version = "1.3.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "bef38d45163c2f1dde094a7dfd33ccf595c92905c8f8f4fdc18d06fb1037718a"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "bitflags"
+version = "2.13.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3ded4057c258ba199e2d26386d3af3780957ecaee6c4ef4041c6b4b8b97c0b06"
+dependencies = [
+ "serde_core",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "block"
+version = "0.1.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0d8c1fef690941d3e7788d328517591fecc684c084084702d6ff1641e993699a"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "block-buffer"
+version = "0.10.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3078c7629b62d3f0439517fa394996acacc5cbc91c5a20d8c658e77abd503a71"
+dependencies = [
+ "generic-array",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "block2"
+version = "0.5.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "2c132eebf10f5cad5289222520a4a058514204aed6d791f1cf4fe8088b82d15f"
+dependencies = [
+ "objc2 0.5.3",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "blocking"
+version = "1.7.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "a70e4329df6cb94385eed412ec92375c3cdd8a6e502493d1229b6414e4036dfa"
+dependencies = [
+ "async-channel",
+ "async-task",
+ "futures-io",
+ "futures-lite",
+ "piper",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "bumpalo"
+version = "3.20.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "72f5acc6cb2ba439de613abc23857ec3d78374d8ed5ac84e9d11336e87da8649"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "bytemuck"
+version = "1.25.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "95832e849adfb21180ccb6826a99da14e5d266ae5c2e668e1602cf234f153797"
+dependencies = [
+ "bytemuck_derive",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "bytemuck_derive"
+version = "1.12.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "6a1f896587b6f2c069c73d2f0913e2d590c3990285cd2f0b6aa02b786b4c679c"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 3.0.9",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "byteorder"
+version = "1.5.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1fd0f2584146f6f2ef48085050886acf353beff7305ebd1ae69500e27c67f64b"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "byteorder-lite"
+version = "0.1.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "8f1fe948ff07f4bd06c30984e69f5b4899c516a3ef74f34df92a2df2ab535495"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "bytes"
+version = "1.12.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "fc652a48c352aef3ea3aed32080501cf3ef6ed5da78602a020c991775b0aff04"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "calloop"
+version = "0.13.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b99da2f8558ca23c71f4fd15dc57c906239752dd27ff3c00a1d56b685b7cbfec"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.13.2",
+ "log",
+ "polling",
+ "rustix 0.38.44",
+ "slab",
+ "thiserror 1.0.69",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "calloop"
+version = "0.14.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "43b32313e937c8721c9d17ee9bf60699a6402b4b7c2cb6ac1bee0ffcaa4b4e5e"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.13.2",
+ "polling",
+ "rustix 1.1.5",
+ "tracing",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "calloop-wayland-source"
+version = "0.3.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "95a66a987056935f7efce4ab5668920b5d0dac4a7c99991a67395f13702ddd20"
+dependencies = [
+ "calloop 0.13.0",
+ "rustix 0.38.44",
+ "wayland-backend",
+ "wayland-client",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "calloop-wayland-source"
+version = "0.4.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "138efcf0940a02ebf0cc8d1eff41a1682a46b431630f4c52450d6265876021fa"
+dependencies = [
+ "calloop 0.14.5",
+ "rustix 1.1.5",
+ "wayland-backend",
+ "wayland-client",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "cc"
+version = "1.8.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "6651c9ed80effdc7db0ff72512157f901af5e3549e341e24b1dd4887d836d838"
+dependencies = [
+ "find-msvc-tools",
+ "jobserver",
+ "libc",
+ "shlex",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "cfg-if"
+version = "1.0.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "4e7648175b45a9a48536d676f68d918270699102aa8dab5496df06904c914600"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "cfg_aliases"
+version = "0.1.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "fd16c4719339c4530435d38e511904438d07cce7950afa3718a84ac36c10e89e"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "cfg_aliases"
+version = "0.2.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f079e83a288787bcd14a6aea84cee5c87a67c5a3e660c30f557a3d24761b3527"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "cgl"
+version = "0.3.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0ced0551234e87afee12411d535648dd89d2e7f34c78b753395567aff3d447ff"
+dependencies = [
+ "libc",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "clap"
+version = "4.6.7"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "aa8876b300ab35ba921adea3dfd70157a46249b33f95c9084ae5709785478946"
+dependencies = [
+ "clap_builder",
+ "clap_derive",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "clap_builder"
+version = "4.6.7"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ec0797fb7aeb1406c84efac526901f7ec3ead2124f946b494e72879d4b54704d"
+dependencies = [
+ "anstream",
+ "anstyle",
+ "clap_lex",
+ "strsim",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "clap_derive"
+version = "4.6.7"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f9c751b79415d4e559e3d1fcf128e09e720eb673a06d26cf6f392d37d75b66e0"
+dependencies = [
+ "heck",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 3.0.9",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "clap_lex"
+version = "1.1.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1c133bc6a41be0d194c306b5506d15e6feeea7b1d6604bd3f8310dfb2ca96486"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "clipboard-win"
+version = "5.4.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "bde03770d3df201d4fb868f2c9c59e66a3e4e2bd06692a0fe701e7103c7e84d4"
+dependencies = [
+ "error-code",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "codespan-reporting"
+version = "0.11.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3538270d33cc669650c4b093848450d380def10c331d38c768e34cac80576e6e"
+dependencies = [
+ "termcolor",
+ "unicode-width",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "colorchoice"
+version = "1.0.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1d07550c9036bf2ae0c684c4297d503f838287c83c53686d05370d0e139ae570"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "com"
+version = "0.6.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7e17887fd17353b65b1b2ef1c526c83e26cd72e74f598a8dc1bee13a48f3d9f6"
+dependencies = [
+ "com_macros",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "com_macros"
+version = "0.6.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d375883580a668c7481ea6631fc1a8863e33cc335bf56bfad8d7e6d4b04b13a5"
+dependencies = [
+ "com_macros_support",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "syn 1.0.109",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "com_macros_support"
+version = "0.6.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ad899a1087a9296d5644792d7cb72b8e34c1bec8e7d4fbc002230169a6e8710c"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 1.0.109",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "combine"
+version = "4.6.9"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "4356eba6976435498d05a311ee9fc486da3bc81c200d3f0d7dd9703b41913f92"
+dependencies = [
+ "bytes",
+ "memchr",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "concurrent-queue"
+version = "2.5.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "4ca0197aee26d1ae37445ee532fefce43251d24cc7c166799f4d46817f1d3973"
+dependencies = [
+ "crossbeam-utils",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "core-foundation"
+version = "0.9.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "91e195e091a93c46f7102ec7818a2aa394e1e1771c3ab4825963fa03e45afb8f"
+dependencies = [
+ "core-foundation-sys",
+ "libc",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "core-foundation-sys"
+version = "0.8.7"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "773648b94d0e5d620f64f280777445740e61fe701025087ec8b57f45c791888b"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "core-graphics"
+version = "0.23.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "c07782be35f9e1140080c6b96f0d44b739e2278479f64e02fdab4e32dfd8b081"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 1.3.2",
+ "core-foundation",
+ "core-graphics-types",
+ "foreign-types",
+ "libc",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "core-graphics-types"
+version = "0.1.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "45390e6114f68f718cc7a830514a96f903cccd70d02a8f6d9f643ac4ba45afaf"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 1.3.2",
+ "core-foundation",
+ "libc",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "cpufeatures"
+version = "0.2.17"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "59ed5838eebb26a2bb2e58f6d5b5316989ae9d08bab10e0e6d103e656d1b0280"
+dependencies = [
+ "libc",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "crc32fast"
+version = "1.5.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "01a7799fd6b852db0e61728dde9a204c423b44d689dbd432522543614b490e78"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "crossbeam-utils"
+version = "0.8.23"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "a31eee39dddec8330830986fcd7625edb5a24ec90ea038215273bbc3adb08ac6"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "crypto-common"
+version = "0.1.7"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "78c8292055d1c1df0cce5d180393dc8cce0abec0a7102adb6c7b1eef6016d60a"
+dependencies = [
+ "generic-array",
+ "typenum",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "cursor-icon"
+version = "1.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f27ae1dd37df86211c42e150270f82743308803d90a6f6e6651cd730d5e1732f"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "data-encoding"
+version = "2.11.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "4583a4551df46e2792f82ceeac45e850d2e2d5debba0b91f102385cda5b11f06"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "digest"
+version = "0.10.7"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9ed9a281f7bc9b7576e61468ba615a66a5c8cfdff42420a70aa82701a3b1e292"
+dependencies = [
+ "block-buffer",
+ "crypto-common",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "dispatch"
+version = "0.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "bd0c93bb4b0c6d9b77f4435b0ae98c24d17f1c45b2ff844c6151a07256ca923b"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "dispatch2"
+version = "0.3.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1e0e367e4e7da84520dedcac1901e4da967309406d1e51017ae1abfb97adbd38"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.13.2",
+ "objc2 0.6.5",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "displaydoc"
+version = "0.2.7"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "c6232dd377dcc64799954cbd3a9bb882e9cdc1308ccd87b1c098f1fb2eaf82a8"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 3.0.9",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "dlib"
+version = "0.5.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ab8ecd87370524b461f8557c119c405552c396ed91fc0a8eec68679eab26f94a"
+dependencies = [
+ "libloading",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "document-features"
+version = "0.2.12"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d4b8a88685455ed29a21542a33abd9cb6510b6b129abadabdcef0f4c55bc8f61"
+dependencies = [
+ "litrs",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "downcast-rs"
+version = "1.2.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "75b325c5dbd37f80359721ad39aca5a29fb04c89279657cffdda8736d0c0b9d2"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "dpi"
+version = "0.1.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d8b14ccef22fc6f5a8f4d7d768562a182c04ce9a3b3157b91390b52ddfdf1a76"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "ecolor"
+version = "0.29.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "775cfde491852059e386c4e1deb4aef381c617dc364184c6f6afee99b87c402b"
+dependencies = [
+ "bytemuck",
+ "emath",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "eframe"
+version = "0.29.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "8ac2645a9bf4826eb4e91488b1f17b8eaddeef09396706b2f14066461338e24f"
+dependencies = [
+ "ahash",
+ "bytemuck",
+ "document-features",
+ "egui",
+ "egui-wgpu",
+ "egui-winit",
+ "egui_glow",
+ "glow 0.14.2",
+ "glutin",
+ "glutin-winit",
+ "image",
+ "js-sys",
+ "log",
+ "objc2 0.5.3",
+ "objc2-app-kit 0.2.2",
+ "objc2-foundation 0.2.2",
+ "parking_lot",
+ "percent-encoding",
+ "raw-window-handle",
+ "static_assertions",
+ "wasm-bindgen",
+ "wasm-bindgen-futures",
+ "web-sys",
+ "web-time",
+ "winapi",
+ "windows-sys 0.52.0",
+ "winit",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "egui"
+version = "0.29.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "53eafabcce0cb2325a59a98736efe0bf060585b437763f8c476957fb274bb974"
+dependencies = [
+ "accesskit",
+ "ahash",
+ "emath",
+ "epaint",
+ "log",
+ "nohash-hasher",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "egui-wgpu"
+version = "0.29.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d00fd5d06d8405397e64a928fa0ef3934b3c30273ea7603e3dc4627b1f7a1a82"
+dependencies = [
+ "ahash",
+ "bytemuck",
+ "document-features",
+ "egui",
+ "epaint",
+ "log",
+ "thiserror 1.0.69",
+ "type-map",
+ "web-time",
+ "wgpu",
+ "winit",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "egui-winit"
+version = "0.29.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0a9c430f4f816340e8e8c1b20eec274186b1be6bc4c7dfc467ed50d57abc36c6"
+dependencies = [
+ "accesskit_winit",
+ "ahash",
+ "arboard",
+ "egui",
+ "log",
+ "raw-window-handle",
+ "smithay-clipboard",
+ "web-time",
+ "webbrowser",
+ "winit",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "egui_glow"
+version = "0.29.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0e39bccc683cd43adab530d8f21a13eb91e80de10bcc38c3f1c16601b6f62b26"
+dependencies = [
+ "ahash",
+ "bytemuck",
+ "egui",
+ "glow 0.14.2",
+ "log",
+ "memoffset",
+ "wasm-bindgen",
+ "web-sys",
+ "winit",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "emath"
+version = "0.29.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b1fe0049ce51d0fb414d029e668dd72eb30bc2b739bf34296ed97bd33df544f3"
+dependencies = [
+ "bytemuck",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "endi"
+version = "1.1.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "66b7e2430c6dff6a955451e2cfc438f09cea1965a9d6f87f7e3b90decc014099"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "enumflags2"
+version = "0.7.12"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1027f7680c853e056ebcec683615fb6fbbc07dbaa13b4d5d9442b146ded4ecef"
+dependencies = [
+ "enumflags2_derive",
+ "serde",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "enumflags2_derive"
+version = "0.7.12"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "67c78a4d8fdf9953a5c9d458f9efe940fd97a0cab0941c075a813ac594733827"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.119",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "epaint"
+version = "0.29.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "a32af8da821bd4f43f2c137e295459ee2e1661d87ca8779dfa0eaf45d870e20f"
+dependencies = [
+ "ab_glyph",
+ "ahash",
+ "bytemuck",
+ "ecolor",
+ "emath",
+ "epaint_default_fonts",
+ "log",
+ "nohash-hasher",
+ "parking_lot",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "epaint_default_fonts"
+version = "0.29.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "483440db0b7993cf77a20314f08311dbe95675092405518c0677aa08c151a3ea"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "equivalent"
+version = "1.0.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "00d174d5400e5e8fd687ad1049e2f578285fa914201b1af7e8b112a4546bd826"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "errno"
+version = "0.3.14"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "39cab71617ae0d63f51a36d69f866391735b51691dbda63cf6f96d042b63efeb"
+dependencies = [
+ "libc",
+ "windows-sys 0.61.2",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "error-code"
+version = "3.4.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0b5343afd4a8365a643ac588dab4cf234a190c7f6c88c9f6dd6ffe00837661b7"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "event-listener"
+version = "5.4.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "5a23add41df1562121a9393cb065eab5146a1242410f23a644851e90cfd669d2"
+dependencies = [
+ "parking",
+ "pin-project-lite",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "event-listener-strategy"
+version = "0.5.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "8be9f3dfaaffdae2972880079a491a1a8bb7cbed0b8dd7a347f668b4150a3b93"
+dependencies = [
+ "event-listener",
+ "pin-project-lite",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "fastrand"
+version = "2.5.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "da7c62ceae207dd37ea5b845da6a0696c799f85e97da1ab5b7910be3c1c80223"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "fdeflate"
+version = "0.3.7"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1e6853b52649d4ac5c0bd02320cddc5ba956bdb407c4b75a2c6b75bf51500f8c"
+dependencies = [
+ "simd-adler32",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "find-msvc-tools"
+version = "0.1.14"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "aedcfb3409746eddb02b9e19ebda1c3394f759a152e48ee875a0844d1b955484"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "flate2"
+version = "1.1.10"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "6e634e2e0ebac1ee034020da1ca582e17ffe4e0f5e985823721e168928136dcb"
+dependencies = [
+ "crc32fast",
+ "miniz_oxide 0.9.1",
+ "zlib-rs",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "foldhash"
+version = "0.1.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d9c4f5dac5e15c24eb999c26181a6ca40b39fe946cbe4c263c7209467bc83af2"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "foreign-types"
+version = "0.5.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d737d9aa519fb7b749cbc3b962edcf310a8dd1f4b67c91c4f83975dbdd17d965"
+dependencies = [
+ "foreign-types-macros",
+ "foreign-types-shared",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "foreign-types-macros"
+version = "0.2.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ea5190182e6915eb873ddbc16e23b711b6eb1f9c00a0d0a3a91b5f6228475225"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 3.0.9",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "foreign-types-shared"
+version = "0.3.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "aa9a19cbb55df58761df49b23516a86d432839add4af60fc256da840f66ed35b"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "form_urlencoded"
+version = "1.2.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "cb4cb245038516f5f85277875cdaa4f7d2c9a0fa0468de06ed190163b1581fcf"
+dependencies = [
+ "percent-encoding",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "futures-core"
+version = "0.3.34"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "92d699e522242e69e3003b94ecc1f960f3a5e015aa7c5d7486e65ad01dd94f5e"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "futures-io"
+version = "0.3.34"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "53c0fa8157de1303bfffdaa1cc2a673bfffb60102f76b0ef4441659124373fed"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "futures-lite"
+version = "2.6.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f78e10609fe0e0b3f4157ffab1876319b5b0db102a2c60dc4626306dc46b44ad"
+dependencies = [
+ "fastrand",
+ "futures-core",
+ "futures-io",
+ "parking",
+ "pin-project-lite",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "futures-macro"
+version = "0.3.34"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9fb9654ba8355388abeb8dcb4fc62f511300867002afc858860463bdd9fe0c44"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 3.0.9",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "futures-sink"
+version = "0.3.34"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1944426bf7d03f1d14f708785e4b33efd750b36d48a157b836b3efc15ede8e1d"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "futures-task"
+version = "0.3.34"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "cd417de3d1d015fc3bfd2b1ea46dfc7bab72ef86f1cc7cc9c78e728b34a6d1fd"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "futures-util"
+version = "0.3.34"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0d50a92467f8ba5dd6e3ee5d4bd04d73ab2e4e1c44474a0674821dfce14b79bc"
+dependencies = [
+ "futures-core",
+ "futures-io",
+ "futures-macro",
+ "futures-sink",
+ "futures-task",
+ "memchr",
+ "pin-project-lite",
+ "slab",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "generic-array"
+version = "0.14.7"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "85649ca51fd72272d7821adaf274ad91c288277713d9c18820d8499a7ff69e9a"
+dependencies = [
+ "typenum",
+ "version_check",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "gethostname"
+version = "1.1.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1bd49230192a3797a9a4d6abe9b3eed6f7fa4c8a8a4947977c6f80025f92cbd8"
+dependencies = [
+ "rustix 1.1.5",
+ "windows-link",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "getrandom"
+version = "0.2.17"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ff2abc00be7fca6ebc474524697ae276ad847ad0a6b3faa4bcb027e9a4614ad0"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if",
+ "libc",
+ "wasi",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "getrandom"
+version = "0.3.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "899def5c37c4fd7b2664648c28120ecec138e4d395b459e5ca34f9cce2dd77fd"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if",
+ "libc",
+ "r-efi 5.3.0",
+ "wasip2",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "getrandom"
+version = "0.4.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "300e883d756b2e4ec94e02791f39b04b522276138852cfc41d9fb7e904106099"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if",
+ "libc",
+ "r-efi 6.0.0",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "gl_generator"
+version = "0.14.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1a95dfc23a2b4a9a2f5ab41d194f8bfda3cabec42af4e39f08c339eb2a0c124d"
+dependencies = [
+ "khronos_api",
+ "log",
+ "xml-rs",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "glow"
+version = "0.13.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "bd348e04c43b32574f2de31c8bb397d96c9fcfa1371bd4ca6d8bdc464ab121b1"
+dependencies = [
+ "js-sys",
+ "slotmap",
+ "wasm-bindgen",
+ "web-sys",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "glow"
+version = "0.14.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d51fa363f025f5c111e03f13eda21162faeacb6911fe8caa0c0349f9cf0c4483"
+dependencies = [
+ "js-sys",
+ "slotmap",
+ "wasm-bindgen",
+ "web-sys",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "glutin"
+version = "0.32.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "12124de845cacfebedff80e877bb37b5b75c34c5a4c89e47e1cdd67fb6041325"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.13.2",
+ "cfg_aliases 0.2.2",
+ "cgl",
+ "dispatch2",
+ "glutin_egl_sys",
+ "glutin_glx_sys",
+ "glutin_wgl_sys",
+ "libloading",
+ "objc2 0.6.5",
+ "objc2-app-kit 0.3.2",
+ "objc2-core-foundation",
+ "objc2-foundation 0.3.2",
+ "once_cell",
+ "raw-window-handle",
+ "wayland-sys",
+ "windows-sys 0.52.0",
+ "x11-dl",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "glutin-winit"
+version = "0.5.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "85edca7075f8fc728f28cb8fbb111a96c3b89e930574369e3e9c27eb75d3788f"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg_aliases 0.2.2",
+ "glutin",
+ "raw-window-handle",
+ "winit",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "glutin_egl_sys"
+version = "0.7.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "4c4680ba6195f424febdc3ba46e7a42a0e58743f2edb115297b86d7f8ecc02d2"
+dependencies = [
+ "gl_generator",
+ "windows-sys 0.52.0",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "glutin_glx_sys"
+version = "0.6.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "8a7bb2938045a88b612499fbcba375a77198e01306f52272e692f8c1f3751185"
+dependencies = [
+ "gl_generator",
+ "x11-dl",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "glutin_wgl_sys"
+version = "0.6.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "2c4ee00b289aba7a9e5306d57c2d05499b2e5dc427f84ac708bd2c090212cf3e"
+dependencies = [
+ "gl_generator",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "gpu-alloc"
+version = "0.6.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "45cf04b2726f02df5508c6de726acdc90cdf97ac771a9a0ffd8ba10a6e696bf9"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.13.2",
+ "gpu-alloc-types",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "gpu-alloc-types"
+version = "0.3.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b2bbed164dd10ed526c2e4fe3e721ca4a71c61730e5aafac6844b417b3227058"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.13.2",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "gpu-allocator"
+version = "0.26.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "fdd4240fc91d3433d5e5b0fc5b67672d771850dc19bbee03c1381e19322803d7"
+dependencies = [
+ "log",
+ "presser",
+ "thiserror 1.0.69",
+ "winapi",
+ "windows 0.52.0",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "gpu-descriptor"
+version = "0.3.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b89c83349105e3732062a895becfc71a8f921bb71ecbbdd8ff99263e3b53a0ca"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.13.2",
+ "gpu-descriptor-types",
+ "hashbrown 0.15.5",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "gpu-descriptor-types"
+version = "0.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "fdf242682df893b86f33a73828fb09ca4b2d3bb6cc95249707fc684d27484b91"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.13.2",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "hashbrown"
+version = "0.15.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9229cfe53dfd69f0609a49f65461bd93001ea1ef889cd5529dd176593f5338a1"
+dependencies = [
+ "foldhash",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "hashbrown"
+version = "0.17.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ed5909b6e89a2db4456e54cd5f673791d7eca6732202bbf2a9cc504fe2f9b84a"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "hassle-rs"
+version = "0.11.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "af2a7e73e1f34c48da31fb668a907f250794837e08faa144fd24f0b8b741e890"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.13.2",
+ "com",
+ "libc",
+ "libloading",
+ "thiserror 1.0.69",
+ "widestring",
+ "winapi",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "heck"
+version = "0.5.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "2304e00983f87ffb38b55b444b5e3b60a884b5d30c0fca7d82fe33449bbe55ea"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "hermit-abi"
+version = "0.5.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e17592d60ebacc7d5e169f4663c5f84f9161cc90328abcfe8456f41e4dfcb284"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "hex"
+version = "0.4.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7f24254aa9a54b5c858eaee2f5bccdb46aaf0e486a595ed5fd8f86ba55232a70"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "hexf-parse"
+version = "0.2.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "dfa686283ad6dd069f105e5ab091b04c62850d3e4cf5d67debad1933f55023df"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "http"
+version = "1.5.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "918d3568bebf352712bc2ef3d46a8bcf1a75b373be6539de198e9105cbbf9ce0"
+dependencies = [
+ "bytes",
+ "itoa",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "http-body"
+version = "1.1.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ca2a8f2913ee65f60facd6a5905613afaa448497a0230cc41ce022d93290bc2c"
+dependencies = [
+ "bytes",
+ "http",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "http-body-util"
+version = "0.1.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "23169fe34a5fbcdd3f3862e78fb9b6fccd5f02a6dc6f732547005d45631ce71c"
+dependencies = [
+ "bytes",
+ "futures-core",
+ "http",
+ "http-body",
+ "pin-project-lite",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "httparse"
+version = "1.10.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "6dbf3de79e51f3d586ab4cb9d5c3e2c14aa28ed23d180cf89b4df0454a69cc87"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "httpdate"
+version = "1.0.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "df3b46402a9d5adb4c86a0cf463f42e19994e3ee891101b1841f30a545cb49a9"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "hyper"
+version = "1.12.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "2c3e324da4c95177d6291d4c8730197c0d1822f8a9766814a4a44fa5ab797c9c"
+dependencies = [
+ "atomic-waker",
+ "bytes",
+ "futures-core",
+ "http",
+ "http-body",
+ "httparse",
+ "httpdate",
+ "itoa",
+ "pin-project-lite",
+ "smallvec",
+ "tokio",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "hyper-util"
+version = "0.1.21"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ddc03d96684f9226b8a787cdb71488417b53ab5ea8fdb1dac946cb9431cc8bff"
+dependencies = [
+ "bytes",
+ "http",
+ "http-body",
+ "hyper",
+ "pin-project-lite",
+ "tokio",
+ "tower-service",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "icu_collections"
+version = "2.3.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "fa68d21081c4a05d5a901a1c62add574c77048b6a1c67be3b50ce0b60d4ca513"
+dependencies = [
+ "displaydoc",
+ "potential_utf",
+ "utf8_iter",
+ "yoke",
+ "zerofrom",
+ "zerovec",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "icu_locale_core"
+version = "2.3.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d56e28588da92eee5c3201a6eff33fabdd49b62269c8938d4ff050ce4d900deb"
+dependencies = [
+ "displaydoc",
+ "litemap",
+ "tinystr",
+ "writeable",
+ "zerovec",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "icu_normalizer"
+version = "2.3.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "12f9cf5f235641ed274641dd81c3f28d870e276763d0797aeeab72317b1c646f"
+dependencies = [
+ "icu_collections",
+ "icu_normalizer_data",
+ "icu_properties",
+ "icu_provider",
+ "smallvec",
+ "zerovec",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "icu_normalizer_data"
+version = "2.3.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1563da1ed3e0b3bf3d74c9b85917ac9c56464d2f57242270c09c9e752f8021a0"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "icu_properties"
+version = "2.3.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7e7ca276ad3145661a65914e6daf131ca5120cd3dcee8f8f3214b8875184a148"
+dependencies = [
+ "displaydoc",
+ "icu_collections",
+ "icu_locale_core",
+ "icu_properties_data",
+ "icu_provider",
+ "zerotrie",
+ "zerovec",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "icu_properties_data"
+version = "2.3.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e590f038c1464a96894fd6d10127e90a8be4509f56ff7ecef851b15cee0b7caa"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "icu_provider"
+version = "2.3.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d27bbb9d3abbefac45d55f647c9de1d44aafcd1186eb91879afef17c396c3e73"
+dependencies = [
+ "displaydoc",
+ "icu_locale_core",
+ "writeable",
+ "yoke",
+ "zerofrom",
+ "zerotrie",
+ "zerovec",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "idna"
+version = "1.1.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3b0875f23caa03898994f6ddc501886a45c7d3d62d04d2d90788d47be1b1e4de"
+dependencies = [
+ "idna_adapter",
+ "smallvec",
+ "utf8_iter",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "idna_adapter"
+version = "1.2.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "cb68373c0d6620ef8105e855e7745e18b0d00d3bdb07fb532e434244cdb9a714"
+dependencies = [
+ "icu_normalizer",
+ "icu_properties",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "image"
+version = "0.25.10"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "85ab80394333c02fe689eaf900ab500fbd0c2213da414687ebf995a65d5a6104"
+dependencies = [
+ "bytemuck",
+ "byteorder-lite",
+ "moxcms",
+ "num-traits",
+ "png",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "immutable-chunkmap"
+version = "2.1.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "da5fe4d67d09ce2c08ff406f6758ec716206c28be92357ae5d5f798c2ef4b548"
+dependencies = [
+ "arrayvec",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "indexmap"
+version = "2.14.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "cc4e190f5d26ca7051642629da2c52fc03bde85a03197c99408dcd291734c855"
+dependencies = [
+ "equivalent",
+ "hashbrown 0.17.1",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "insta360-link-cli"
+version = "0.1.0"
+dependencies = [
+ "clap",
+ "insta360-link-protocol",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_json",
+ "tracing",
+ "tracing-subscriber",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "insta360-link-gui"
+version = "0.1.0"
+dependencies = [
+ "eframe",
+ "egui",
+ "image",
+ "insta360-link-protocol",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_json",
+ "tracing",
+ "tracing-subscriber",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "insta360-link-protocol"
+version = "0.1.0"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.13.2",
+ "libc",
+ "nusb",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_json",
+ "thiserror 2.0.21",
+ "tracing",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "insta360-link-server"
+version = "0.1.0"
+dependencies = [
+ "axum",
+ "clap",
+ "insta360-link-protocol",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_json",
+ "tokio",
+ "tower-http",
+ "tracing",
+ "tracing-subscriber",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "io-kit-sys"
+version = "0.4.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "617ee6cf8e3f66f3b4ea67a4058564628cde41901316e19f559e14c7c72c5e7b"
+dependencies = [
+ "core-foundation-sys",
+ "mach2",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "is_terminal_polyfill"
+version = "1.70.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "a6cb138bb79a146c1bd460005623e142ef0181e3d0219cb493e02f7d08a35695"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "itoa"
+version = "1.0.18"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "8f42a60cbdf9a97f5d2305f08a87dc4e09308d1276d28c869c684d7777685682"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "jni"
+version = "0.22.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "5efd9a482cf3a427f00d6b35f14332adc7902ce91efb778580e180ff90fa3498"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if",
+ "combine",
+ "jni-macros",
+ "jni-sys 0.4.1",
+ "log",
+ "simd_cesu8",
+ "thiserror 2.0.21",
+ "walkdir",
+ "windows-link",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "jni-macros"
+version = "0.22.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "a00109accc170f0bdb141fed3e393c565b6f5e072365c3bd58f5b062591560a3"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "rustc_version",
+ "simd_cesu8",
+ "syn 2.0.119",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "jni-sys"
+version = "0.3.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "41a652e1f9b6e0275df1f15b32661cf0d4b78d4d87ddec5e0c3c20f097433258"
+dependencies = [
+ "jni-sys 0.4.1",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "jni-sys"
+version = "0.4.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "c6377a88cb3910bee9b0fa88d4f42e1d2da8e79915598f65fb0c7ee14c878af2"
+dependencies = [
+ "jni-sys-macros",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "jni-sys-macros"
+version = "0.4.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "38c0b942f458fe50cdac086d2f946512305e5631e720728f2a61aabcd47a6264"
+dependencies = [
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.119",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "jobserver"
+version = "0.1.35"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1c00acbd29eabad4a2392fa0e921c874934dbbf4194312ad20f04a0ed67a3cb3"
+dependencies = [
+ "getrandom 0.4.3",
+ "libc",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "js-sys"
+version = "0.3.106"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7883d941dae510fb2d978fc3fe018c71c9e2892fd38854de3e8b92c2e5ad9cc5"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if",
+ "futures-util",
+ "wasm-bindgen",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "khronos-egl"
+version = "6.0.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "6aae1df220ece3c0ada96b8153459b67eebe9ae9212258bb0134ae60416fdf76"
+dependencies = [
+ "libc",
+ "libloading",
+ "pkg-config",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "khronos_api"
+version = "3.1.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e2db585e1d738fc771bf08a151420d3ed193d9d895a36df7f6f8a9456b911ddc"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "lazy_static"
+version = "1.5.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "20870f649af7073d53e38067b2a84312175d56ea15217e1b15bc83506ec50afb"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "libc"
+version = "0.2.190"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ce5d3ddc6d3fa000eb1536d85e147bfe31aacaba692ed6a876f95cb7c855be78"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "libloading"
+version = "0.8.9"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d7c4b02199fee7c5d21a5ae7d8cfa79a6ef5bb2fc834d6e9058e89c825efdc55"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if",
+ "windows-link",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "libredox"
+version = "0.1.25"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "61ff90caf6077a803a240f62fdbe88645a890bbca49ef8174c3cb0404362171d"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.13.2",
+ "libc",
+ "plain",
+ "redox_syscall 0.9.4",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "linux-raw-sys"
+version = "0.4.15"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d26c52dbd32dccf2d10cac7725f8eae5296885fb5703b261f7d0a0739ec807ab"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "linux-raw-sys"
+version = "0.12.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "32a66949e030da00e8c7d4434b251670a91556f4144941d37452769c25d58a53"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "litemap"
+version = "0.8.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "47d9d19d1d6efa0109d2f65ff4c85cddd50bd572e5a00127ab10987290bcefae"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "litrs"
+version = "1.0.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "4744e383959f0db86ede514b809b1c53251889093803c05267acc7d4e7030d70"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "lock_api"
+version = "0.4.14"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "224399e74b87b5f3557511d98dff8b14089b3dadafcab6bb93eab67d3aace965"
+dependencies = [
+ "scopeguard",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "log"
+version = "0.4.34"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f9f8bd3e56ce4dfc153cf470fffbfa98c7620958b312ca5c3a4b8d5181fd13c6"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "mach2"
+version = "0.4.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d640282b302c0bb0a2a8e0233ead9035e3bed871f0b7e81fe4a1ec829765db44"
+dependencies = [
+ "libc",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "malloc_buf"
+version = "0.0.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "62bb907fe88d54d8d9ce32a3cceab4218ed2f6b7d35617cafe9adf84e43919cb"
+dependencies = [
+ "libc",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "matchers"
+version = "0.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d1525a2a28c7f4fa0fc98bb91ae755d1e2d1505079e05539e35bc876b5d65ae9"
+dependencies = [
+ "regex-automata",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "matchit"
+version = "0.7.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0e7465ac9959cc2b1404e8e2367b43684a6d13790fe23056cc8c6c5a6b7bcb94"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "memchr"
+version = "2.8.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "cf8baf1c55e62ffcace7a9f06f4bd9cd3f0c4beb022d3b367256b91b87513d98"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "memmap2"
+version = "0.9.11"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d1219ed1b7f229ee7104d281dd01d6802fe28bb6e95d292942c4daacdeb798c0"
+dependencies = [
+ "libc",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "memoffset"
+version = "0.9.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "488016bfae457b036d996092f6cb448677611ce4449e970ceaf42695203f218a"
+dependencies = [
+ "autocfg",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "metal"
+version = "0.29.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7ecfd3296f8c56b7c1f6fbac3c71cefa9d78ce009850c45000015f206dc7fa21"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.13.2",
+ "block",
+ "core-graphics-types",
+ "foreign-types",
+ "log",
+ "objc",
+ "paste",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "mime"
+version = "0.3.17"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "6877bb514081ee2a7ff5ef9de3281f14a4dd4bceac4c09388074a6b5df8a139a"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "miniz_oxide"
+version = "0.8.9"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1fa76a2c86f704bdb222d66965fb3d63269ce38518b83cb0575fca855ebb6316"
+dependencies = [
+ "adler2",
+ "simd-adler32",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "miniz_oxide"
+version = "0.9.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b63fbc4a50860e98e7b2aa7804ded1db5cbc3aff9193adaff57a6931bf7c4b4c"
+dependencies = [
+ "adler2",
+ "simd-adler32",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "mio"
+version = "1.2.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1788edb87fdc09c7e26304471e2f5be8cdefb1b6930d6e3985fc02ff53bf86ee"
+dependencies = [
+ "libc",
+ "wasi",
+ "windows-sys 0.61.2",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "moxcms"
+version = "0.8.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "bb85c154ba489f01b25c0d36ae69a87e4a1c73a72631fc6c0eb6dde34a73e44b"
+dependencies = [
+ "num-traits",
+ "pxfm",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "naga"
+version = "22.1.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "8bd5a652b6faf21496f2cfd88fc49989c8db0825d1f6746b1a71a6ede24a63ad"
+dependencies = [
+ "arrayvec",
+ "bit-set",
+ "bitflags 2.13.2",
+ "cfg_aliases 0.1.1",
+ "codespan-reporting",
+ "hexf-parse",
+ "indexmap",
+ "log",
+ "rustc-hash 1.1.0",
+ "spirv",
+ "termcolor",
+ "thiserror 1.0.69",
+ "unicode-xid",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "ndk"
+version = "0.9.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "c3f42e7bbe13d351b6bead8286a43aac9534b82bd3cc43e47037f012ebfd62d4"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.13.2",
+ "jni-sys 0.3.1",
+ "log",
+ "ndk-sys 0.6.0+11769913",
+ "num_enum",
+ "raw-window-handle",
+ "thiserror 1.0.69",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "ndk-context"
+version = "0.1.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "27b02d87554356db9e9a873add8782d4ea6e3e58ea071a9adb9a2e8ddb884a8b"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "ndk-sys"
+version = "0.5.0+25.2.9519653"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "8c196769dd60fd4f363e11d948139556a344e79d451aeb2fa2fd040738ef7691"
+dependencies = [
+ "jni-sys 0.3.1",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "ndk-sys"
+version = "0.6.0+11769913"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ee6cda3051665f1fb8d9e08fc35c96d5a244fb1be711a03b71118828afc9a873"
+dependencies = [
+ "jni-sys 0.3.1",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "nix"
+version = "0.29.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "71e2746dc3a24dd78b3cfcb7be93368c6de9963d30f43a6a73998a9cf4b17b46"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.13.2",
+ "cfg-if",
+ "cfg_aliases 0.2.2",
+ "libc",
+ "memoffset",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "nohash-hasher"
+version = "0.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "2bf50223579dc7cdcfb3bfcacf7069ff68243f8c363f62ffa99cf000a6b9c451"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "nu-ansi-term"
+version = "0.50.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7957b9740744892f114936ab4a57b3f487491bbeafaf8083688b16841a4240e5"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-sys 0.61.2",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "num-traits"
+version = "0.2.19"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "071dfc062690e90b734c0b2273ce72ad0ffa95f0c74596bc250dcfd960262841"
+dependencies = [
+ "autocfg",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "num_enum"
+version = "0.7.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "5d0bca838442ec211fa11de3a8b0e0e8f3a4522575b5c4c06ed722e005036f26"
+dependencies = [
+ "num_enum_derive",
+ "rustversion",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "num_enum_derive"
+version = "0.7.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "680998035259dcfcafe653688bf2aa6d3e2dc05e98be6ab46afb089dc84f1df8"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro-crate",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.119",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "nusb"
+version = "0.1.14"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "2f861541f15de120eae5982923d073bfc0c1a65466561988c82d6e197734c19e"
+dependencies = [
+ "atomic-waker",
+ "core-foundation",
+ "core-foundation-sys",
+ "futures-core",
+ "io-kit-sys",
+ "libc",
+ "log",
+ "once_cell",
+ "rustix 0.38.44",
+ "slab",
+ "windows-sys 0.48.0",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "objc"
+version = "0.2.7"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "915b1b472bc21c53464d6c8461c9d3af805ba1ef837e1cac254428f4a77177b1"
+dependencies = [
+ "malloc_buf",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "objc-sys"
+version = "0.3.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "cdb91bdd390c7ce1a8607f35f3ca7151b65afc0ff5ff3b34fa350f7d7c7e4310"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "objc2"
+version = "0.5.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "19d5490aaf8f1d7cf7688dfa9b0ce07900e168852c45cd2c03f534dfd27cfd0b"
+dependencies = [
+ "objc-sys",
+ "objc2-encode",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "objc2"
+version = "0.6.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "08849bbd4767dfae9457696856ae1c84fe4e0281bbe4a7abff2d0e06fb7981f8"
+dependencies = [
+ "objc2-encode",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "objc2-app-kit"
+version = "0.2.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e4e89ad9e3d7d297152b17d39ed92cd50ca8063a89a9fa569046d41568891eff"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.13.2",
+ "block2",
+ "libc",
+ "objc2 0.5.3",
+ "objc2-core-data",
+ "objc2-core-image",
+ "objc2-foundation 0.2.2",
+ "objc2-quartz-core",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "objc2-app-kit"
+version = "0.3.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d49e936b501e5c5bf01fda3a9452ff86dc3ea98ad5f283e1455153142d97518c"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.13.2",
+ "objc2 0.6.5",
+ "objc2-core-foundation",
+ "objc2-core-graphics",
+ "objc2-foundation 0.3.2",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "objc2-cloud-kit"
+version = "0.2.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "74dd3b56391c7a0596a295029734d3c1c5e7e510a4cb30245f8221ccea96b009"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.13.2",
+ "block2",
+ "objc2 0.5.3",
+ "objc2-core-location",
+ "objc2-foundation 0.2.2",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "objc2-contacts"
+version = "0.2.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "a5ff520e9c33812fd374d8deecef01d4a840e7b41862d849513de77e44aa4889"
+dependencies = [
+ "block2",
+ "objc2 0.5.3",
+ "objc2-foundation 0.2.2",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "objc2-core-data"
+version = "0.2.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "617fbf49e071c178c0b24c080767db52958f716d9eabdf0890523aeae54773ef"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.13.2",
+ "block2",
+ "objc2 0.5.3",
+ "objc2-foundation 0.2.2",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "objc2-core-foundation"
+version = "0.3.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "2a180dd8642fa45cdb7dd721cd4c11b1cadd4929ce112ebd8b9f5803cc79d536"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.13.2",
+ "dispatch2",
+ "objc2 0.6.5",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "objc2-core-graphics"
+version = "0.3.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e022c9d066895efa1345f8e33e584b9f958da2fd4cd116792e15e07e4720a807"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.13.2",
+ "dispatch2",
+ "objc2 0.6.5",
+ "objc2-core-foundation",
+ "objc2-io-surface",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "objc2-core-image"
+version = "0.2.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "55260963a527c99f1819c4f8e3b47fe04f9650694ef348ffd2227e8196d34c80"
+dependencies = [
+ "block2",
+ "objc2 0.5.3",
+ "objc2-foundation 0.2.2",
+ "objc2-metal",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "objc2-core-location"
+version = "0.2.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "000cfee34e683244f284252ee206a27953279d370e309649dc3ee317b37e5781"
+dependencies = [
+ "block2",
+ "objc2 0.5.3",
+ "objc2-contacts",
+ "objc2-foundation 0.2.2",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "objc2-encode"
+version = "4.1.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ef25abbcd74fb2609453eb695bd2f860d389e457f67dc17cafc8b8cbc89d0c33"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "objc2-foundation"
+version = "0.2.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0ee638a5da3799329310ad4cfa62fbf045d5f56e3ef5ba4149e7452dcf89d5a8"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.13.2",
+ "block2",
+ "dispatch",
+ "libc",
+ "objc2 0.5.3",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "objc2-foundation"
+version = "0.3.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e3e0adef53c21f888deb4fa59fc59f7eb17404926ee8a6f59f5df0fd7f9f3272"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.13.2",
+ "objc2 0.6.5",
+ "objc2-core-foundation",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "objc2-io-surface"
+version = "0.3.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "180788110936d59bab6bd83b6060ffdfffb3b922ba1396b312ae795e1de9d81d"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.13.2",
+ "objc2 0.6.5",
+ "objc2-core-foundation",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "objc2-link-presentation"
+version = "0.2.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "a1a1ae721c5e35be65f01a03b6d2ac13a54cb4fa70d8a5da293d7b0020261398"
+dependencies = [
+ "block2",
+ "objc2 0.5.3",
+ "objc2-app-kit 0.2.2",
+ "objc2-foundation 0.2.2",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "objc2-metal"
+version = "0.2.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "dd0cba1276f6023976a406a14ffa85e1fdd19df6b0f737b063b95f6c8c7aadd6"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.13.2",
+ "block2",
+ "objc2 0.5.3",
+ "objc2-foundation 0.2.2",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "objc2-quartz-core"
+version = "0.2.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e42bee7bff906b14b167da2bac5efe6b6a07e6f7c0a21a7308d40c960242dc7a"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.13.2",
+ "block2",
+ "objc2 0.5.3",
+ "objc2-foundation 0.2.2",
+ "objc2-metal",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "objc2-symbols"
+version = "0.2.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0a684efe3dec1b305badae1a28f6555f6ddd3bb2c2267896782858d5a78404dc"
+dependencies = [
+ "objc2 0.5.3",
+ "objc2-foundation 0.2.2",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "objc2-ui-kit"
+version = "0.2.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b8bb46798b20cd6b91cbd113524c490f1686f4c4e8f49502431415f3512e2b6f"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.13.2",
+ "block2",
+ "objc2 0.5.3",
+ "objc2-cloud-kit",
+ "objc2-core-data",
+ "objc2-core-image",
+ "objc2-core-location",
+ "objc2-foundation 0.2.2",
+ "objc2-link-presentation",
+ "objc2-quartz-core",
+ "objc2-symbols",
+ "objc2-uniform-type-identifiers",
+ "objc2-user-notifications",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "objc2-uniform-type-identifiers"
+version = "0.2.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "44fa5f9748dbfe1ca6c0b79ad20725a11eca7c2218bceb4b005cb1be26273bfe"
+dependencies = [
+ "block2",
+ "objc2 0.5.3",
+ "objc2-foundation 0.2.2",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "objc2-user-notifications"
+version = "0.2.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "76cfcbf642358e8689af64cee815d139339f3ed8ad05103ed5eaf73db8d84cb3"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.13.2",
+ "block2",
+ "objc2 0.5.3",
+ "objc2-core-location",
+ "objc2-foundation 0.2.2",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "once_cell"
+version = "1.21.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9f7c3e4beb33f85d45ae3e3a1792185706c8e16d043238c593331cc7cd313b50"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "once_cell_polyfill"
+version = "1.70.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "384b8ab6d37215f3c5301a95a4accb5d64aa607f1fcb26a11b5303878451b4fe"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "orbclient"
+version = "0.3.55"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "5df339f526ea9a60e371768d50efc2f2508c7203290731565d1f7a6f71d21747"
+dependencies = [
+ "libc",
+ "libredox",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "ordered-stream"
+version = "0.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9aa2b01e1d916879f73a53d01d1d6cee68adbb31d6d9177a8cfce093cced1d50"
+dependencies = [
+ "futures-core",
+ "pin-project-lite",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "owned_ttf_parser"
+version = "0.25.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "36820e9051aca1014ddc75770aab4d68bc1e9e632f0f5627c4086bc216fb583b"
+dependencies = [
+ "ttf-parser",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "parking"
+version = "2.2.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f38d5652c16fde515bb1ecef450ab0f6a219d619a7274976324d5e377f7dceba"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "parking_lot"
+version = "0.12.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "93857453250e3077bd71ff98b6a65ea6621a19bb0f559a85248955ac12c45a1a"
+dependencies = [
+ "lock_api",
+ "parking_lot_core",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "parking_lot_core"
+version = "0.9.12"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "2621685985a2ebf1c516881c026032ac7deafcda1a2c9b7850dc81e3dfcb64c1"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if",
+ "libc",
+ "redox_syscall 0.5.18",
+ "smallvec",
+ "windows-link",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "paste"
+version = "1.0.15"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "57c0d7b74b563b49d38dae00a0c37d4d6de9b432382b2892f0574ddcae73fd0a"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "percent-encoding"
+version = "2.3.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9b4f627cb1b25917193a259e49bdad08f671f8d9708acfd5fe0a8c1455d87220"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "pin-project"
+version = "1.1.13"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "2466b2336ed02bcdca6b294417127b90ec92038d1d5c4fbeac971a922e0e0924"
+dependencies = [
+ "pin-project-internal",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "pin-project-internal"
+version = "1.1.13"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "c96395f0a926bc13b1c17622aaddda1ecb55d49c8f1bf9777e4d877800a43f8b"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.119",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "pin-project-lite"
+version = "0.2.17"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "a89322df9ebe1c1578d689c92318e070967d1042b512afbe49518723f4e6d5cd"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "piper"
+version = "0.2.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "c835479a4443ded371d6c535cbfd8d31ad92c5d23ae9770a61bc155e4992a3c1"
+dependencies = [
+ "atomic-waker",
+ "fastrand",
+ "futures-io",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "pkg-config"
+version = "0.3.34"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f6b464fbc74e149a392436b17d523f769e057cb6877f6a5c4618bc6f11800548"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "plain"
+version = "0.2.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b4596b6d070b27117e987119b4dac604f3c58cfb0b191112e24771b2faeac1a6"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "png"
+version = "0.18.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "60769b8b31b2a9f263dae2776c37b1b28ae246943cf719eb6946a1db05128a61"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.13.2",
+ "crc32fast",
+ "fdeflate",
+ "flate2",
+ "miniz_oxide 0.8.9",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "polling"
+version = "3.11.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "5d0e4f59085d47d8241c88ead0f274e8a0cb551f3625263c05eb8dd897c34218"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if",
+ "concurrent-queue",
+ "hermit-abi",
+ "pin-project-lite",
+ "rustix 1.1.5",
+ "windows-sys 0.61.2",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "potential_utf"
+version = "0.1.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d83eb9bc6d8e5cf568e7a1101d60ee05e81ed50ea106026f3d18deeb046d7661"
+dependencies = [
+ "zerovec",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "ppv-lite86"
+version = "0.2.21"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "85eae3c4ed2f50dcfe72643da4befc30deadb458a9b590d720cde2f2b1e97da9"
+dependencies = [
+ "zerocopy",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "presser"
+version = "0.3.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e8cf8e6a8aa66ce33f63993ffc4ea4271eb5b0530a9002db8455ea6050c77bfa"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "proc-macro-crate"
+version = "3.5.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e67ba7e9b2b56446f1d419b1d807906278ffa1a658a8a5d8a39dcb1f5a78614f"
+dependencies = [
+ "toml_edit",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "proc-macro2"
+version = "1.0.107"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "985e7ec9bb745e6ce6535b544d84d6cd6f7ad8bd711c398938ae983b91a766d9"
+dependencies = [
+ "unicode-ident",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "profiling"
+version = "1.0.18"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3d595e54a326bc53c1c197b32d295e14b169e3cfeaa8dc82b529f947fba6bcf5"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "pxfm"
+version = "0.1.30"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d55d956fa96f5ec02be2e13af0e20391a5aa83d6a074e3ad368959d0fab299ea"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "quick-xml"
+version = "0.30.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "eff6510e86862b57b210fd8cbe8ed3f0d7d600b9c2863cd4549a2e033c66e956"
+dependencies = [
+ "memchr",
+ "serde",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "quick-xml"
+version = "0.41.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e660451e55124f798a69a5af3f49ccfbefbd41910eefd25caf2393e1f3473ec1"
+dependencies = [
+ "memchr",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "quote"
+version = "1.0.47"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1fbf4db142a473a8d80c26bbf18454ed458bf8d26c8219c331daecfdbd079001"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "r-efi"
+version = "5.3.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "69cdb34c158ceb288df11e18b4bd39de994f6657d83847bdffdbd7f346754b0f"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "r-efi"
+version = "6.0.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f8dcc9c7d52a811697d2151c701e0d08956f92b0e24136cf4cf27b57a6a0d9bf"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "rand"
+version = "0.8.8"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e058c7de0b26af77780c769414d6257830bb240f3c38477dbc2c16e5f54d6d4c"
+dependencies = [
+ "libc",
+ "rand_chacha",
+ "rand_core",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "rand_chacha"
+version = "0.3.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e6c10a63a0fa32252be49d21e7709d4d4baf8d231c2dbce1eaa8141b9b127d88"
+dependencies = [
+ "ppv-lite86",
+ "rand_core",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "rand_core"
+version = "0.6.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ec0be4795e2f6a28069bec0b5ff3e2ac9bafc99e6a9a7dc3547996c5c816922c"
+dependencies = [
+ "getrandom 0.2.17",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "raw-window-handle"
+version = "0.6.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "20675572f6f24e9e76ef639bc5552774ed45f1c30e2951e1e99c59888861c539"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "redox_syscall"
+version = "0.4.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "4722d768eff46b75989dd134e5c353f0d6296e5aaa3132e776cbdb56be7731aa"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 1.3.2",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "redox_syscall"
+version = "0.5.18"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ed2bf2547551a7053d6fdfafda3f938979645c44812fbfcda098faae3f1a362d"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.13.2",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "redox_syscall"
+version = "0.9.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "737970939a87c6fa31e7acad13307bccbb017a073b695b6089a2c484f929e20e"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.13.2",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "regex-automata"
+version = "0.4.18"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ad8553b9b26413251cbf30e620595c7a41b3887f03da04579c0e6b0d6a06b4b2"
+dependencies = [
+ "aho-corasick",
+ "memchr",
+ "regex-syntax",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "regex-syntax"
+version = "0.8.11"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d6f6ff9a378485b298a5286656da665ba74413d36db0979633275d2e708145d4"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "renderdoc-sys"
+version = "1.1.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "19b30a45b0cd0bcca8037f3d0dc3421eaf95327a17cad11964fb8179b4fc4832"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "rustc-hash"
+version = "1.1.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "08d43f7aa6b08d49f382cde6a7982047c3426db949b1424bc4b7ec9ae12c6ce2"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "rustc-hash"
+version = "2.1.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "6b1e7f9a428571be2dc5bc0505c13fb6bf936822b894ec87abf8a08a4e51742d"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "rustc_version"
+version = "0.4.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "cfcb3a22ef46e85b45de6ee7e79d063319ebb6594faafcf1c225ea92ab6e9b92"
+dependencies = [
+ "semver",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "rustix"
+version = "0.38.44"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "fdb5bc1ae2baa591800df16c9ca78619bf65c0488b41b96ccec5d11220d8c154"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.13.2",
+ "errno",
+ "libc",
+ "linux-raw-sys 0.4.15",
+ "windows-sys 0.59.0",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "rustix"
+version = "1.1.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "891efababe418670775f199f0d233d84843c227a0949a883ce15b37c78d6629d"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.13.2",
+ "errno",
+ "libc",
+ "linux-raw-sys 0.12.1",
+ "windows-sys 0.61.2",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "rustversion"
+version = "1.0.23"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "cf54715a573b99ac80df0bc206da022bcd442c974952c7b9720069370852e21f"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "ryu"
+version = "1.0.23"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9774ba4a74de5f7b1c1451ed6cd5285a32eddb5cccb8cc655a4e50009e06477f"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "same-file"
+version = "1.0.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "93fc1dc3aaa9bfed95e02e6eadabb4baf7e3078b0bd1b4d7b6b0b68378900502"
+dependencies = [
+ "winapi-util",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "scoped-tls"
+version = "1.0.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e1cf6437eb19a8f4a6cc0f7dca544973b0b78843adbfeb3683d1a94a0024a294"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "scopeguard"
+version = "1.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "94143f37725109f92c262ed2cf5e59bce7498c01bcc1502d7b9afe439a4e9f49"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "sctk-adwaita"
+version = "0.10.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b6277f0217056f77f1d8f49f2950ac6c278c0d607c45f5ee99328d792ede24ec"
+dependencies = [
+ "ab_glyph",
+ "log",
+ "memmap2",
+ "smithay-client-toolkit 0.19.2",
+ "tiny-skia",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "semver"
+version = "1.0.28"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "8a7852d02fc848982e0c167ef163aaff9cd91dc640ba85e263cb1ce46fae51cd"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "serde"
+version = "1.0.229"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "4148590afebada386688f18773da617792bf2ef03ffc1e4cbd2b1d45b023e0ba"
+dependencies = [
+ "serde_core",
+ "serde_derive",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "serde_core"
+version = "1.0.229"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "67dca2c9c51e58a4791a4b1ed58308b39c64224d349a935ab5039aa360942a48"
+dependencies = [
+ "serde_derive",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "serde_derive"
+version = "1.0.229"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e7a5d71263a5a7d47b41f6b3f06ba276f10cc18b0931f1799f710578e2309348"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 3.0.9",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "serde_json"
+version = "1.0.154"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e7e9cc8b1b85264074fbcc02a88680c4096b1e47df8f739dceb03bf482f04bd6"
+dependencies = [
+ "itoa",
+ "memchr",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_core",
+ "zmij",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "serde_path_to_error"
+version = "0.1.20"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "10a9ff822e371bb5403e391ecd83e182e0e77ba7f6fe0160b795797109d1b457"
+dependencies = [
+ "itoa",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_core",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "serde_repr"
+version = "0.1.21"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "8d3b1629de253c70a0508c3899572da79ca359fdab27c7920ff00406df418906"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 3.0.9",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "serde_urlencoded"
+version = "0.7.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d3491c14715ca2294c4d6a88f15e84739788c1d030eed8c110436aafdaa2f3fd"
+dependencies = [
+ "form_urlencoded",
+ "itoa",
+ "ryu",
+ "serde",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "sha1"
+version = "0.10.7"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "a978451301f4db1d02937a4ab3ccce137717b81826e79b7d49ffe3244a13c3b8"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if",
+ "cpufeatures",
+ "digest",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "sharded-slab"
+version = "0.1.7"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f40ca3c46823713e0d4209592e8d6e826aa57e928f09752619fc696c499637f6"
+dependencies = [
+ "lazy_static",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "shlex"
+version = "2.0.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f8fadd59c855ef2080decdef8ff161eb6661b86933c9d82e5ba29dc602a55aba"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "signal-hook-registry"
+version = "1.4.8"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "c4db69cba1110affc0e9f7bcd48bbf87b3f4fc7c61fc9155afd4c469eb3d6c1b"
+dependencies = [
+ "errno",
+ "libc",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "simd-adler32"
+version = "0.3.10"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3a219298ac11a56ea9a6d2120044824d6f01aeb034955e7af7bc16858527deea"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "simd_cesu8"
+version = "1.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "11031e251abf8611c80f460e19dbdeb54a66db918e49c65a7065b46ac7aec520"
+dependencies = [
+ "rustc_version",
+ "simdutf8",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "simdutf8"
+version = "0.1.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e3a9fe34e3e7a50316060351f37187a3f546bce95496156754b601a5fa71b76e"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "slab"
+version = "0.4.12"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0c790de23124f9ab44544d7ac05d60440adc586479ce501c1d6d7da3cd8c9cf5"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "slotmap"
+version = "1.1.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "bdd58c3c93c3d278ca835519292445cb4b0d4dc59ccfdf7ceadaab3f8aeb4038"
+dependencies = [
+ "version_check",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "smallvec"
+version = "1.16.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "5b3dc8af474f516a851ff4bd12db780f948b9250ad37211e4eec0bccea54e01b"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "smithay-client-toolkit"
+version = "0.19.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3457dea1f0eb631b4034d61d4d8c32074caa6cd1ab2d59f2327bd8461e2c0016"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.13.2",
+ "calloop 0.13.0",
+ "calloop-wayland-source 0.3.0",
+ "cursor-icon",
+ "libc",
+ "log",
+ "memmap2",
+ "rustix 0.38.44",
+ "thiserror 1.0.69",
+ "wayland-backend",
+ "wayland-client",
+ "wayland-csd-frame",
+ "wayland-cursor",
+ "wayland-protocols",
+ "wayland-protocols-wlr",
+ "wayland-scanner",
+ "xkeysym",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "smithay-client-toolkit"
+version = "0.20.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0512da38f5e2b31201a93524adb8d3136276fa4fe4aafab4e1f727a82b534cc0"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.13.2",
+ "calloop 0.14.5",
+ "calloop-wayland-source 0.4.1",
+ "cursor-icon",
+ "libc",
+ "log",
+ "memmap2",
+ "rustix 1.1.5",
+ "thiserror 2.0.21",
+ "wayland-backend",
+ "wayland-client",
+ "wayland-csd-frame",
+ "wayland-cursor",
+ "wayland-protocols",
+ "wayland-protocols-experimental",
+ "wayland-protocols-misc",
+ "wayland-protocols-wlr",
+ "wayland-scanner",
+ "xkeysym",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "smithay-clipboard"
+version = "0.7.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "71704c03f739f7745053bde45fa203a46c58d25bc5c4efba1d9a60e9dba81226"
+dependencies = [
+ "libc",
+ "smithay-client-toolkit 0.20.0",
+ "wayland-backend",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "smol_str"
+version = "0.2.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "dd538fb6910ac1099850255cf94a94df6551fbdd602454387d0adb2d1ca6dead"
+dependencies = [
+ "serde",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "socket2"
+version = "0.6.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "c3d1e2c7f27f8d4cb10542a02c49005dbd6e93095799d6f3be745fae9f8fedd4"
+dependencies = [
+ "libc",
+ "windows-sys 0.61.2",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "spirv"
+version = "0.3.0+sdk-1.3.268.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "eda41003dc44290527a59b13432d4a0379379fa074b70174882adfbdfd917844"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.13.2",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "stable_deref_trait"
+version = "1.2.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "6ce2be8dc25455e1f91df71bfa12ad37d7af1092ae736f3a6cd0e37bc7810596"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "static_assertions"
+version = "1.1.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "a2eb9349b6444b326872e140eb1cf5e7c522154d69e7a0ffb0fb81c06b37543f"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "strict-num"
+version = "0.1.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "6637bab7722d379c8b41ba849228d680cc12d0a45ba1fa2b48f2a30577a06731"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "strsim"
+version = "0.11.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7da8b5736845d9f2fcb837ea5d9e2628564b3b043a70948a3f0b778838c5fb4f"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "syn"
+version = "1.0.109"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "72b64191b275b66ffe2469e8af2c1cfe3bafa67b529ead792a6d0160888b4237"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "unicode-ident",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "syn"
+version = "2.0.119"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "872831b642d1a07999a962a351ed35b955ea2cfc8f3862091e2a240a84f17297"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "unicode-ident",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "syn"
+version = "3.0.9"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d78c8dee4c7bf0e14673097256fed6142ce9d3b85a408189d07482442145823b"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "unicode-ident",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "sync_wrapper"
+version = "1.0.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0bf256ce5efdfa370213c1dabab5935a12e49f2c58d15e9eac2870d3b4f27263"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "synstructure"
+version = "0.14.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "901704edd0dfe137f1987838ee4f259e4e063c31371bdb423f7ae38ec6f77f02"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 3.0.9",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "tempfile"
+version = "3.27.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "32497e9a4c7b38532efcdebeef879707aa9f794296a4f0244f6f69e9bc8574bd"
+dependencies = [
+ "fastrand",
+ "getrandom 0.4.3",
+ "once_cell",
+ "rustix 1.1.5",
+ "windows-sys 0.61.2",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "termcolor"
+version = "1.4.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "06794f8f6c5c898b3275aebefa6b8a1cb24cd2c6c79397ab15774837a0bc5755"
+dependencies = [
+ "winapi-util",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "thiserror"
+version = "1.0.69"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b6aaf5339b578ea85b50e080feb250a3e8ae8cfcdff9a461c9ec2904bc923f52"
+dependencies = [
+ "thiserror-impl 1.0.69",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "thiserror"
+version = "2.0.21"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "09e52cb86a36cede5cb101bf8908837b3e4c6e5e59fe7fd85c23fb56200d189e"
+dependencies = [
+ "thiserror-impl 2.0.21",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "thiserror-impl"
+version = "1.0.69"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "4fee6c4efc90059e10f81e6d42c60a18f76588c3d74cb83a0b242a2b6c7504c1"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.119",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "thiserror-impl"
+version = "2.0.21"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "fe5197923287db20a58125f0bc85c062f7f2c892de97b18c356f9efb14b28524"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 3.0.9",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "thread_local"
+version = "1.1.10"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1ad99c4c6d32803332c548b1af0540b357b3f5fc0be8f6c6bfe8b2e6ae784070"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "tiny-skia"
+version = "0.11.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "83d13394d44dae3207b52a326c0c85a8bf87f1541f23b0d143811088497b09ab"
+dependencies = [
+ "arrayref",
+ "arrayvec",
+ "bytemuck",
+ "cfg-if",
+ "log",
+ "tiny-skia-path",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "tiny-skia-path"
+version = "0.11.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9c9e7fc0c2e86a30b117d0462aa261b72b7a99b7ebd7deb3a14ceda95c5bdc93"
+dependencies = [
+ "arrayref",
+ "bytemuck",
+ "strict-num",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "tinystr"
+version = "0.8.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b1e27c91459209c2986af3dcf603a5a74a4368754ce37414f59acc971167f643"
+dependencies = [
+ "displaydoc",
+ "zerovec",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "tokio"
+version = "1.53.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ce3335fa71841cda333a58d7615b03901380ecf09d59b3296d21f8bbac0dde4e"
+dependencies = [
+ "bytes",
+ "libc",
+ "mio",
+ "parking_lot",
+ "pin-project-lite",
+ "signal-hook-registry",
+ "socket2",
+ "tokio-macros",
+ "windows-sys 0.61.2",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "tokio-macros"
+version = "2.7.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "78773a2a397f451582ce068015985c33193cf6dea8b74d2a639fe457b2f07b0e"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 3.0.9",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "tokio-tungstenite"
+version = "0.24.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "edc5f74e248dc973e0dbb7b74c7e0d6fcc301c694ff50049504004ef4d0cdcd9"
+dependencies = [
+ "futures-util",
+ "log",
+ "tokio",
+ "tungstenite",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "toml_datetime"
+version = "1.1.2+spec-1.1.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "2b86d767906c6c42421dcba507eb9d203e779497710a47782a224bb871653053"
+dependencies = [
+ "serde_core",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "toml_edit"
+version = "0.25.17+spec-1.1.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e3641d5bbb5349a79e1020a242d251efbc546ad8048d133958323ce9c40a9c9c"
+dependencies = [
+ "indexmap",
+ "toml_datetime",
+ "toml_parser",
+ "winnow",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "toml_parser"
+version = "1.1.5+spec-1.1.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "baa693a8032d7e1cada7d0041e96126df243179ff061456783ac7f12bda4744c"
+dependencies = [
+ "winnow",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "tower"
+version = "0.5.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ebe5ef63511595f1344e2d5cfa636d973292adc0eec1f0ad45fae9f0851ab1d4"
+dependencies = [
+ "futures-core",
+ "futures-util",
+ "pin-project-lite",
+ "sync_wrapper",
+ "tokio",
+ "tower-layer",
+ "tower-service",
+ "tracing",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "tower-http"
+version = "0.6.11"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "4cfcf7e2740e6fc6d4d688b4ef00650406bb94adf4731e43c096c3a19fe40840"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.13.2",
+ "bytes",
+ "http",
+ "pin-project-lite",
+ "tower-layer",
+ "tower-service",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "tower-layer"
+version = "0.3.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "121c2a6cda46980bb0fcd1647ffaf6cd3fc79a013de288782836f6df9c48780e"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "tower-service"
+version = "0.3.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "8df9b6e13f2d32c91b9bd719c00d1958837bc7dec474d94952798cc8e69eeec3"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "tracing"
+version = "0.1.44"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "63e71662fa4b2a2c3a26f570f037eb95bb1f85397f3cd8076caed2f026a6d100"
+dependencies = [
+ "log",
+ "pin-project-lite",
+ "tracing-attributes",
+ "tracing-core",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "tracing-attributes"
+version = "0.1.31"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7490cfa5ec963746568740651ac6781f701c9c5ea257c58e057f3ba8cf69e8da"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.119",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "tracing-core"
+version = "0.1.36"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "db97caf9d906fbde555dd62fa95ddba9eecfd14cb388e4f491a66d74cd5fb79a"
+dependencies = [
+ "once_cell",
+ "valuable",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "tracing-log"
+version = "0.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ee855f1f400bd0e5c02d150ae5de3840039a3f54b025156404e34c23c03f47c3"
+dependencies = [
+ "log",
+ "once_cell",
+ "tracing-core",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "tracing-subscriber"
+version = "0.3.23"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "cb7f578e5945fb242538965c2d0b04418d38ec25c79d160cd279bf0731c8d319"
+dependencies = [
+ "matchers",
+ "nu-ansi-term",
+ "once_cell",
+ "regex-automata",
+ "sharded-slab",
+ "smallvec",
+ "thread_local",
+ "tracing",
+ "tracing-core",
+ "tracing-log",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "ttf-parser"
+version = "0.25.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d2df906b07856748fa3f6e0ad0cbaa047052d4a7dd609e231c4f72cee8c36f31"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "tungstenite"
+version = "0.24.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "18e5b8366ee7a95b16d32197d0b2604b43a0be89dc5fac9f8e96ccafbaedda8a"
+dependencies = [
+ "byteorder",
+ "bytes",
+ "data-encoding",
+ "http",
+ "httparse",
+ "log",
+ "rand",
+ "sha1",
+ "thiserror 1.0.69",
+ "utf-8",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "type-map"
+version = "0.5.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "cb30dbbd9036155e74adad6812e9898d03ec374946234fbcebd5dfc7b9187b90"
+dependencies = [
+ "rustc-hash 2.1.3",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "typenum"
+version = "1.20.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b6f5e870be6c3b371b77fe0ee0bafb859fa4964b4404c27de1d380043c4dda20"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "uds_windows"
+version = "1.2.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f2f6fb2847f6742cd76af783a2a2c49e9375d0a111c7bef6f71cd9e738c72d6e"
+dependencies = [
+ "memoffset",
+ "tempfile",
+ "windows-sys 0.61.2",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "unicode-ident"
+version = "1.0.27"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "a2c754d6c33795a1c324727428e5a7dedb5b06195f9890bdbcba760d3e246563"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "unicode-segmentation"
+version = "1.13.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "c6f5d3c3b1bf09027a88a6bc961fc00497d651009560b5463668dc81b0fa87a8"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "unicode-width"
+version = "0.1.14"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7dd6e30e90baa6f72411720665d41d89b9a3d039dc45b8faea1ddd07f617f6af"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "unicode-xid"
+version = "0.2.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ebc1c04c71510c7f702b52b7c350734c9ff1295c464a03335b00bb84fc54f853"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "url"
+version = "2.5.8"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ff67a8a4397373c3ef660812acab3268222035010ab8680ec4215f38ba3d0eed"
+dependencies = [
+ "form_urlencoded",
+ "idna",
+ "percent-encoding",
+ "serde",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "utf-8"
+version = "0.7.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "09cc8ee72d2a9becf2f2febe0205bbed8fc6615b7cb429ad062dc7b7ddd036a9"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "utf8_iter"
+version = "1.0.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b6c140620e7ffbb22c2dee59cafe6084a59b5ffc27a8859a5f0d494b5d52b6be"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "utf8parse"
+version = "0.2.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "06abde3611657adf66d383f00b093d7faecc7fa57071cce2578660c9f1010821"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "valuable"
+version = "0.1.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ba73ea9cf16a25df0c8caa16c51acb937d5712a8429db78a3ee29d5dcacd3a65"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "version_check"
+version = "0.9.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0b928f33d975fc6ad9f86c8f283853ad26bdd5b10b7f1542aa2fa15e2289105a"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "walkdir"
+version = "2.5.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "29790946404f91d9c5d06f9874efddea1dc06c5efe94541a7d6863108e3a5e4b"
+dependencies = [
+ "same-file",
+ "winapi-util",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wasi"
+version = "0.11.1+wasi-snapshot-preview1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ccf3ec651a847eb01de73ccad15eb7d99f80485de043efb2f370cd654f4ea44b"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wasip2"
+version = "1.0.4+wasi-0.2.12"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b67efb37e106e55ce722a510d6b5f9c17f083e5fc79afc2badeb12cc313d9487"
+dependencies = [
+ "wit-bindgen",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wasm-bindgen"
+version = "0.2.129"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9bb54f33acc68fd454578d9820b0bde1a1a3d17aa17bb7b6595806d02886d409"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if",
+ "once_cell",
+ "rustversion",
+ "wasm-bindgen-macro",
+ "wasm-bindgen-shared",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wasm-bindgen-futures"
+version = "0.4.79"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3cbab34de2d982e9b48e18d216d04c4a6f641066ff19ffb699980f591ee3610e"
+dependencies = [
+ "js-sys",
+ "tokio",
+ "wasm-bindgen",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wasm-bindgen-macro"
+version = "0.2.129"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "2e29d0c35b16e224a7eeb5cd2d25e3e1968fbd65604117b44d3b789d00ee8535"
+dependencies = [
+ "quote",
+ "wasm-bindgen-macro-support",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wasm-bindgen-macro-support"
+version = "0.2.129"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "6f501a8bc3719dba86ef8ae4728879c08001bea749eb1333ac5b91e040e2a6b7"
+dependencies = [
+ "bumpalo",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 3.0.9",
+ "wasm-bindgen-shared",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wasm-bindgen-shared"
+version = "0.2.129"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "23f0c9c52aa7cd7d77769a4cfe2a9adb1b331f489a41d912ce14513d5ab995c6"
+dependencies = [
+ "unicode-ident",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wayland-backend"
+version = "0.3.17"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "38a91b4eaddff87b1cd1074985e3713da4af2c49742d1b356b2c01670a67a078"
+dependencies = [
+ "cc",
+ "downcast-rs",
+ "rustix 1.1.5",
+ "scoped-tls",
+ "smallvec",
+ "wayland-sys",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wayland-client"
+version = "0.31.15"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e3c36a0f861ad76d0901f2800b46321410d9f73f2ea88aac0650d86c32688073"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.13.2",
+ "rustix 1.1.5",
+ "wayland-backend",
+ "wayland-scanner",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wayland-csd-frame"
+version = "0.3.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "625c5029dbd43d25e6aa9615e88b829a5cad13b2819c4ae129fdbb7c31ab4c7e"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.13.2",
+ "cursor-icon",
+ "wayland-backend",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wayland-cursor"
+version = "0.31.14"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "4a52d18780be9b1314328a3de5f930b73d2200112e3849ca6cb11822793fb34d"
+dependencies = [
+ "rustix 1.1.5",
+ "wayland-client",
+ "xcursor",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wayland-protocols"
+version = "0.32.13"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "23d0c813de3daa2ed6520af85a3bd49b0e722a3078506899aa9686fea58dc4b6"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.13.2",
+ "wayland-backend",
+ "wayland-client",
+ "wayland-scanner",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wayland-protocols-experimental"
+version = "20250721.0.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "40a1f863128dcaaec790d7b4b396cc9b9a7a079e878e18c47e6c2d2c5a8dcbb1"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.13.2",
+ "wayland-backend",
+ "wayland-client",
+ "wayland-protocols",
+ "wayland-scanner",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wayland-protocols-misc"
+version = "0.3.12"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "6e9567599ef23e09b8dad6e429e5738d4509dfc46b3b21f32841a304d16b29c8"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.13.2",
+ "wayland-backend",
+ "wayland-client",
+ "wayland-protocols",
+ "wayland-scanner",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wayland-protocols-plasma"
+version = "0.3.12"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "2b6d8cf1eb2c1c31ed1f5643c88a6e53538129d4af80030c8cabd1f9fa884d91"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.13.2",
+ "wayland-backend",
+ "wayland-client",
+ "wayland-protocols",
+ "wayland-scanner",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wayland-protocols-wlr"
+version = "0.3.12"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "eb04e52f7836d7c7976c78ca0250d61e33873c34156a2a1fc9474828ec268234"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.13.2",
+ "wayland-backend",
+ "wayland-client",
+ "wayland-protocols",
+ "wayland-scanner",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wayland-scanner"
+version = "0.31.11"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "338e30461b3a2b67d70eb30a6d89f8e0c93a833e07d2ae89085cd070c4a00ac0"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quick-xml 0.41.0",
+ "quote",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wayland-sys"
+version = "0.31.11"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d8eab23fefc9e41f8e841df4a9c707e8a8c4ed26e944ef69297184de2785e3be"
+dependencies = [
+ "dlib",
+ "log",
+ "once_cell",
+ "pkg-config",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "web-sys"
+version = "0.3.106"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "88261b9deccee56594c11a3460c462c41f58d148598fe70ad77070126a68aba4"
+dependencies = [
+ "js-sys",
+ "wasm-bindgen",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "web-time"
+version = "1.1.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "5a6580f308b1fad9207618087a65c04e7a10bc77e02c8e84e9b00dd4b12fa0bb"
+dependencies = [
+ "js-sys",
+ "wasm-bindgen",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "webbrowser"
+version = "1.2.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "62c35be770821a214dbc362fc26908c853e776c0004294d0b10b8a6bad582f94"
+dependencies = [
+ "jni",
+ "log",
+ "ndk-context",
+ "objc2 0.6.5",
+ "objc2-app-kit 0.3.2",
+ "objc2-foundation 0.3.2",
+ "url",
+ "web-sys",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wgpu"
+version = "22.1.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e1d1c4ba43f80542cf63a0a6ed3134629ae73e8ab51e4b765a67f3aa062eb433"
+dependencies = [
+ "arrayvec",
+ "cfg_aliases 0.1.1",
+ "document-features",
+ "js-sys",
+ "log",
+ "parking_lot",
+ "profiling",
+ "raw-window-handle",
+ "smallvec",
+ "static_assertions",
+ "wasm-bindgen",
+ "wasm-bindgen-futures",
+ "web-sys",
+ "wgpu-core",
+ "wgpu-hal",
+ "wgpu-types",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wgpu-core"
+version = "22.1.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0348c840d1051b8e86c3bcd31206080c5e71e5933dabd79be1ce732b0b2f089a"
+dependencies = [
+ "arrayvec",
+ "bit-vec",
+ "bitflags 2.13.2",
+ "cfg_aliases 0.1.1",
+ "document-features",
+ "indexmap",
+ "log",
+ "naga",
+ "once_cell",
+ "parking_lot",
+ "profiling",
+ "raw-window-handle",
+ "rustc-hash 1.1.0",
+ "smallvec",
+ "thiserror 1.0.69",
+ "wgpu-hal",
+ "wgpu-types",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wgpu-hal"
+version = "22.0.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f6bbf4b4de8b2a83c0401d9e5ae0080a2792055f25859a02bf9be97952bbed4f"
+dependencies = [
+ "android_system_properties",
+ "arrayvec",
+ "ash",
+ "bitflags 2.13.2",
+ "cfg_aliases 0.1.1",
+ "core-graphics-types",
+ "glow 0.13.1",
+ "glutin_wgl_sys",
+ "gpu-alloc",
+ "gpu-allocator",
+ "gpu-descriptor",
+ "hassle-rs",
+ "js-sys",
+ "khronos-egl",
+ "libc",
+ "libloading",
+ "log",
+ "metal",
+ "naga",
+ "ndk-sys 0.5.0+25.2.9519653",
+ "objc",
+ "once_cell",
+ "parking_lot",
+ "profiling",
+ "raw-window-handle",
+ "renderdoc-sys",
+ "rustc-hash 1.1.0",
+ "smallvec",
+ "thiserror 1.0.69",
+ "wasm-bindgen",
+ "web-sys",
+ "wgpu-types",
+ "winapi",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wgpu-types"
+version = "22.0.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "bc9d91f0e2c4b51434dfa6db77846f2793149d8e73f800fa2e41f52b8eac3c5d"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.13.2",
+ "js-sys",
+ "web-sys",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "widestring"
+version = "1.2.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "72069c3113ab32ab29e5584db3c6ec55d416895e60715417b5b883a357c3e471"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "winapi"
+version = "0.3.9"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "5c839a674fcd7a98952e593242ea400abe93992746761e38641405d28b00f419"
+dependencies = [
+ "winapi-i686-pc-windows-gnu",
+ "winapi-x86_64-pc-windows-gnu",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "winapi-i686-pc-windows-gnu"
+version = "0.4.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ac3b87c63620426dd9b991e5ce0329eff545bccbbb34f3be09ff6fb6ab51b7b6"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "winapi-util"
+version = "0.1.11"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "c2a7b1c03c876122aa43f3020e6c3c3ee5c05081c9a00739faf7503aeba10d22"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-sys 0.61.2",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "winapi-x86_64-pc-windows-gnu"
+version = "0.4.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "712e227841d057c1ee1cd2fb22fa7e5a5461ae8e48fa2ca79ec42cfc1931183f"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows"
+version = "0.52.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e48a53791691ab099e5e2ad123536d0fff50652600abaf43bbf952894110d0be"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-core 0.52.0",
+ "windows-targets 0.52.6",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows"
+version = "0.58.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "dd04d41d93c4992d421894c18c8b43496aa748dd4c081bac0dc93eb0489272b6"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-core 0.58.0",
+ "windows-targets 0.52.6",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-core"
+version = "0.52.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "33ab640c8d7e35bf8ba19b884ba838ceb4fba93a4e8c65a9059d08afcfc683d9"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-targets 0.52.6",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-core"
+version = "0.58.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "6ba6d44ec8c2591c134257ce647b7ea6b20335bf6379a27dac5f1641fcf59f99"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-implement",
+ "windows-interface",
+ "windows-result",
+ "windows-strings",
+ "windows-targets 0.52.6",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-implement"
+version = "0.58.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "2bbd5b46c938e506ecbce286b6628a02171d56153ba733b6c741fc627ec9579b"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.119",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-interface"
+version = "0.58.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "053c4c462dc91d3b1504c6fe5a726dd15e216ba718e84a0e46a88fbe5ded3515"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.119",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-link"
+version = "0.2.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f0805222e57f7521d6a62e36fa9163bc891acd422f971defe97d64e70d0a4fe5"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-result"
+version = "0.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1d1043d8214f791817bab27572aaa8af63732e11bf84aa21a45a78d6c317ae0e"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-targets 0.52.6",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-strings"
+version = "0.1.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "4cd9b125c486025df0eabcb585e62173c6c9eddcec5d117d3b6e8c30e2ee4d10"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-result",
+ "windows-targets 0.52.6",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-sys"
+version = "0.48.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "677d2418bec65e3338edb076e806bc1ec15693c5d0104683f2efe857f61056a9"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-targets 0.48.5",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-sys"
+version = "0.52.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "282be5f36a8ce781fad8c8ae18fa3f9beff57ec1b52cb3de0789201425d9a33d"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-targets 0.52.6",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-sys"
+version = "0.59.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1e38bc4d79ed67fd075bcc251a1c39b32a1776bbe92e5bef1f0bf1f8c531853b"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-targets 0.52.6",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-sys"
+version = "0.61.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ae137229bcbd6cdf0f7b80a31df61766145077ddf49416a728b02cb3921ff3fc"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-link",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-targets"
+version = "0.48.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9a2fa6e2155d7247be68c096456083145c183cbbbc2764150dda45a87197940c"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows_aarch64_gnullvm 0.48.5",
+ "windows_aarch64_msvc 0.48.5",
+ "windows_i686_gnu 0.48.5",
+ "windows_i686_msvc 0.48.5",
+ "windows_x86_64_gnu 0.48.5",
+ "windows_x86_64_gnullvm 0.48.5",
+ "windows_x86_64_msvc 0.48.5",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-targets"
+version = "0.52.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9b724f72796e036ab90c1021d4780d4d3d648aca59e491e6b98e725b84e99973"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows_aarch64_gnullvm 0.52.6",
+ "windows_aarch64_msvc 0.52.6",
+ "windows_i686_gnu 0.52.6",
+ "windows_i686_gnullvm",
+ "windows_i686_msvc 0.52.6",
+ "windows_x86_64_gnu 0.52.6",
+ "windows_x86_64_gnullvm 0.52.6",
+ "windows_x86_64_msvc 0.52.6",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_aarch64_gnullvm"
+version = "0.48.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "2b38e32f0abccf9987a4e3079dfb67dcd799fb61361e53e2882c3cbaf0d905d8"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_aarch64_gnullvm"
+version = "0.52.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "32a4622180e7a0ec044bb555404c800bc9fd9ec262ec147edd5989ccd0c02cd3"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_aarch64_msvc"
+version = "0.48.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "dc35310971f3b2dbbf3f0690a219f40e2d9afcf64f9ab7cc1be722937c26b4bc"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_aarch64_msvc"
+version = "0.52.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "09ec2a7bb152e2252b53fa7803150007879548bc709c039df7627cabbd05d469"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_i686_gnu"
+version = "0.48.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "a75915e7def60c94dcef72200b9a8e58e5091744960da64ec734a6c6e9b3743e"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_i686_gnu"
+version = "0.52.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "8e9b5ad5ab802e97eb8e295ac6720e509ee4c243f69d781394014ebfe8bbfa0b"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_i686_gnullvm"
+version = "0.52.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0eee52d38c090b3caa76c563b86c3a4bd71ef1a819287c19d586d7334ae8ed66"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_i686_msvc"
+version = "0.48.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "8f55c233f70c4b27f66c523580f78f1004e8b5a8b659e05a4eb49d4166cca406"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_i686_msvc"
+version = "0.52.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "240948bc05c5e7c6dabba28bf89d89ffce3e303022809e73deaefe4f6ec56c66"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_x86_64_gnu"
+version = "0.48.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "53d40abd2583d23e4718fddf1ebec84dbff8381c07cae67ff7768bbf19c6718e"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_x86_64_gnu"
+version = "0.52.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "147a5c80aabfbf0c7d901cb5895d1de30ef2907eb21fbbab29ca94c5b08b1a78"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_x86_64_gnullvm"
+version = "0.48.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0b7b52767868a23d5bab768e390dc5f5c55825b6d30b86c844ff2dc7414044cc"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_x86_64_gnullvm"
+version = "0.52.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "24d5b23dc417412679681396f2b49f3de8c1473deb516bd34410872eff51ed0d"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_x86_64_msvc"
+version = "0.48.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ed94fce61571a4006852b7389a063ab983c02eb1bb37b47f8272ce92d06d9538"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_x86_64_msvc"
+version = "0.52.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "589f6da84c646204747d1270a2a5661ea66ed1cced2631d546fdfb155959f9ec"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "winit"
+version = "0.30.13"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "a6755fa58a9f8350bd1e472d4c3fcc25f824ec358933bba33306d0b63df5978d"
+dependencies = [
+ "ahash",
+ "android-activity",
+ "atomic-waker",
+ "bitflags 2.13.2",
+ "block2",
+ "bytemuck",
+ "calloop 0.13.0",
+ "cfg_aliases 0.2.2",
+ "concurrent-queue",
+ "core-foundation",
+ "core-graphics",
+ "cursor-icon",
+ "dpi",
+ "js-sys",
+ "libc",
+ "memmap2",
+ "ndk",
+ "objc2 0.5.3",
+ "objc2-app-kit 0.2.2",
+ "objc2-foundation 0.2.2",
+ "objc2-ui-kit",
+ "orbclient",
+ "percent-encoding",
+ "pin-project",
+ "raw-window-handle",
+ "redox_syscall 0.4.1",
+ "rustix 0.38.44",
+ "sctk-adwaita",
+ "smithay-client-toolkit 0.19.2",
+ "smol_str",
+ "tracing",
+ "unicode-segmentation",
+ "wasm-bindgen",
+ "wasm-bindgen-futures",
+ "wayland-backend",
+ "wayland-client",
+ "wayland-protocols",
+ "wayland-protocols-plasma",
+ "web-sys",
+ "web-time",
+ "windows-sys 0.52.0",
+ "x11-dl",
+ "x11rb",
+ "xkbcommon-dl",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "winnow"
+version = "1.0.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "23b97319f7b8343df12cc98938e5c3eb436064524c8d2b4e30a1d3a36eecdf81"
+dependencies = [
+ "memchr",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wit-bindgen"
+version = "0.57.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1ebf944e87a7c253233ad6766e082e3cd714b5d03812acc24c318f549614536e"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "writeable"
+version = "0.6.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3ad82d2a33cdc9674dc7465672f271e096168fcdbe0f799d9e6db8c5892679dc"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "x11-dl"
+version = "2.21.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "38735924fedd5314a6e548792904ed8c6de6636285cb9fec04d5b1db85c1516f"
+dependencies = [
+ "libc",
+ "once_cell",
+ "pkg-config",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "x11rb"
+version = "0.13.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9993aa5be5a26815fe2c3eacfc1fde061fc1a1f094bf1ad2a18bf9c495dd7414"
+dependencies = [
+ "as-raw-xcb-connection",
+ "gethostname",
+ "libc",
+ "libloading",
+ "once_cell",
+ "rustix 1.1.5",
+ "x11rb-protocol",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "x11rb-protocol"
+version = "0.13.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ea6fc2961e4ef194dcbfe56bb845534d0dc8098940c7e5c012a258bfec6701bd"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "xcursor"
+version = "0.3.11"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "163b33ed8786455e2fa5d72f554057ce3f3182425434f756cd39c99839d88e23"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "xdg-home"
+version = "1.3.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ec1cdab258fb55c0da61328dc52c8764709b249011b2cad0454c72f0bf10a1f6"
+dependencies = [
+ "libc",
+ "windows-sys 0.59.0",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "xkbcommon-dl"
+version = "0.4.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d039de8032a9a8856a6be89cea3e5d12fdd82306ab7c94d74e6deab2460651c5"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.13.2",
+ "dlib",
+ "log",
+ "once_cell",
+ "xkeysym",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "xkeysym"
+version = "0.2.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b9cc00251562a284751c9973bace760d86c0276c471b4be569fe6b068ee97a56"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "xml-rs"
+version = "0.8.29"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e450f9b2ed1dff33c94c12589a87338689467b9c4f5d8a5710bd09a847d2c8a7"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "yoke"
+version = "0.8.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "709fe23a0424b6a435d82152b1bd3fdfb0833487d5fa90d05d42762a9891fef5"
+dependencies = [
+ "stable_deref_trait",
+ "yoke-derive",
+ "zerofrom",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "yoke-derive"
+version = "0.8.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ec8ebde2db3681e8c9980cc27822030e68752690ddfa9473e739aeb4dbde6d71"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 3.0.9",
+ "synstructure",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zbus"
+version = "4.4.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "bb97012beadd29e654708a0fdb4c84bc046f537aecfde2c3ee0a9e4b4d48c725"
+dependencies = [
+ "async-broadcast",
+ "async-executor",
+ "async-fs",
+ "async-io",
+ "async-lock",
+ "async-process",
+ "async-recursion",
+ "async-task",
+ "async-trait",
+ "blocking",
+ "enumflags2",
+ "event-listener",
+ "futures-core",
+ "futures-sink",
+ "futures-util",
+ "hex",
+ "nix",
+ "ordered-stream",
+ "rand",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_repr",
+ "sha1",
+ "static_assertions",
+ "tracing",
+ "uds_windows",
+ "windows-sys 0.52.0",
+ "xdg-home",
+ "zbus_macros",
+ "zbus_names",
+ "zvariant",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zbus-lockstep"
+version = "0.4.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "4ca2c5dceb099bddaade154055c926bb8ae507a18756ba1d8963fd7b51d8ed1d"
+dependencies = [
+ "zbus_xml",
+ "zvariant",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zbus-lockstep-macros"
+version = "0.4.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "709ab20fc57cb22af85be7b360239563209258430bccf38d8b979c5a2ae3ecce"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.119",
+ "zbus-lockstep",
+ "zbus_xml",
+ "zvariant",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zbus_macros"
+version = "4.4.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "267db9407081e90bbfa46d841d3cbc60f59c0351838c4bc65199ecd79ab1983e"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro-crate",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.119",
+ "zvariant_utils",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zbus_names"
+version = "3.0.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "4b9b1fef7d021261cc16cba64c351d291b715febe0fa10dc3a443ac5a5022e6c"
+dependencies = [
+ "serde",
+ "static_assertions",
+ "zvariant",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zbus_xml"
+version = "4.0.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ab3f374552b954f6abb4bd6ce979e6c9b38fb9d0cd7cc68a7d796e70c9f3a233"
+dependencies = [
+ "quick-xml 0.30.0",
+ "serde",
+ "static_assertions",
+ "zbus_names",
+ "zvariant",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zerocopy"
+version = "0.8.63"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e5fe1f8f1b06191a00962174c61aa5005e0bb391a6d80d07e24d115c01a92ed8"
+dependencies = [
+ "zerocopy-derive",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zerocopy-derive"
+version = "0.8.63"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "863ad3ac83293fb4d740aedbfdc9240dd8d1a50c1099acd76ce80ce7c7230c7f"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.119",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zerofrom"
+version = "0.1.8"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0ec05a11813ea801ff6d75110ad09cd0824ddba17dfe17128ea0d5f68e6c5272"
+dependencies = [
+ "zerofrom-derive",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zerofrom-derive"
+version = "0.1.8"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f75b4683f6c7f45248d4d64056a24298c6281e0993356d7d1b4a1a962ef10d4a"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 3.0.9",
+ "synstructure",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zerotrie"
+version = "0.2.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "4ea269c3bd32f0a32c321907a2ae912ba6f4649bb0fc764a15627e99a7095a3f"
+dependencies = [
+ "displaydoc",
+ "yoke",
+ "zerofrom",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zerovec"
+version = "0.11.8"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "bb0464e17806c1d976d5cba29399c7f08e516e279e2ba493f63123b5fca67dd8"
+dependencies = [
+ "yoke",
+ "zerofrom",
+ "zerovec-derive",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zerovec-derive"
+version = "0.11.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "34df6fc39dbd26ddc9c10e6a2984476e13acce22e64e4487636ef494369225da"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 3.0.9",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zlib-rs"
+version = "0.6.8"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b268e58e7c693d7c271f93ffc4ba3b380412554231c85bf61ca7af91042a4112"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zmij"
+version = "1.0.23"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "29666d0abbfad1e3dc4dcf6144730dd3a3ab225bbbdac83319345b1b44ccfc1b"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zvariant"
+version = "4.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "2084290ab9a1c471c38fc524945837734fbf124487e105daec2bb57fd48c81fe"
+dependencies = [
+ "endi",
+ "enumflags2",
+ "serde",
+ "static_assertions",
+ "zvariant_derive",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zvariant_derive"
+version = "4.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "73e2ba546bda683a90652bac4a279bc146adad1386f25379cf73200d2002c449"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro-crate",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.119",
+ "zvariant_utils",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zvariant_utils"
+version = "2.1.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "c51bcff7cc3dbb5055396bcf774748c3dab426b4b8659046963523cee4808340"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.119",
+]
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dde097d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+[workspace]
+resolver = "2"
+members = [
+    "crates/insta360-link-protocol",
+    "crates/insta360-link-cli",
+    "crates/insta360-link-gui",
+    "crates/insta360-link-server",
+]
+
+[workspace.package]
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2021"
+license = "MIT OR Apache-2.0"
+authors = ["Insta360 Link Open Controller Contributors"]
+repository = "https://github.com/example/insta360-link-controller"
+
+[workspace.dependencies]
+thiserror = "2.0"
+serde = { version = "1.0", features = ["derive"] }
+serde_json = "1.0"
+bitflags = { version = "2.6", features = ["serde"] }
+tracing = "0.1"
+tracing-subscriber = { version = "0.3", features = ["env-filter"] }
+nusb = "0.1"
+clap = { version = "4.5", features = ["derive"] }
+tokio = { version = "1.40", features = ["full"] }
+axum = { version = "0.7", features = ["ws"] }
+tower-http = { version = "0.6", features = ["cors"] }
+eframe = "0.29"
+egui = "0.29"
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..53b5c5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+# Insta360 Link Open Controller
+
+A pure-Rust, cross-platform (**Linux**, **Windows**, **macOS**) hardware controller suite for the **Insta360 Link**, **Insta360 Link 2**, **Insta360 Link 2C**, and **Insta360 Link 2 Pro (PUC3)** 4K AI webcams.
+
+Built by reverse-engineering the proprietary USB & UVC Extension Unit (`XU1` and `XU2`) protocol from the official Insta360 Link Controller desktop binary, this workspace provides full hardware control without proprietary drivers, telemetry, or OS lock-in—including first-class **Linux** support.
+
+📄 **Protocol Specification**: See [`docs/PROTOCOL.md`](docs/PROTOCOL.md) for the complete byte-level UVC Extension Unit documentation.
+
+---
+
+## Workspace Crates
+
+| Crate / Binary | Description |
+| :--- | :--- |
+| **`insta360-link-protocol`** | Core Rust library implementing USB device discovery, UVC VideoControl descriptor parsing, standard UVC `CT_*`/`PU_*` controls, proprietary `XU1`/`XU2` codecs, `NusbTransport` (pure-Rust USB via `nusb`), and a stateful `MockCameraTransport` simulator. |
+| **`insta360-link-ctl`** (`insta360-link-cli`) | Command-line tool for scripting PTZ movement, presets, video modes (`Normal`, `AutoTracking`, `WhiteBoard`, `OverheadShot`, `DeskView`, `AutoFraming`, `SmartWhiteBoard`), exposure/ISO, white balance, audio beamforming modes, filters, and extended hardware switches. |
+| **`insta360-link-server`** | Asynchronous HTTP REST & WebSocket daemon (`axum` + `tokio`) for remote control, Stream Deck / OBS integration, and real-time state synchronization. |
+| **`insta360-link-gui`** | Native cross-platform desktop GUI (`egui` / `eframe`) featuring a virtual gimbal PTZ joystick, preset slots, AI mode switcher, image adjustment sliders, audio & filter controls, and built-in simulated camera mode. |
+
+---
+
+## Supported Hardware
+
+All cameras under Arashi Vision USB Vendor ID `0x2e1a`:
+
+| Model | USB `idVendor:idProduct` | Physical Gimbal | Supported Features |
+| :--- | :--- | :---: | :--- |
+| **Insta360 Link** (1st Gen) | `2e1a:4c01` | 3-Axis | PTZ, Roll, AI Tracking, Whiteboard, Overhead, DeskView, Gestures, HDR, Exposure Curve |
+| **Insta360 Link 2** | `2e1a:4c04` | 2-Axis | PTZ, AI Tracking, Auto Framing, Smart Whiteboard, DeskView, Overhead, Audio Modes, Filters, Templates, Horizon Leveling, Forbidden Areas |
+| **Insta360 Link 2C** | `2e1a:4c03` | Fixed (Digital Host PTZ) | Digital Host PTZ, Auto Framing, Smart Whiteboard, DeskView, Audio Modes, Filters, Templates, Privacy Mode |
+| **Insta360 Link 2 Pro (PUC3)** | `2e1a:4c02` / `4c05` / `4c06` | 2-Axis / Fixed | Full Link 2 / 2C feature set + Sound Wall (`AudioCaptureMode::SoundWall`) |
+
+---
+
+## Building from Source
+
+Requires Rust `1.78+` (no C/C++ `libusb` system dependency required—uses pure-Rust [`nusb`](https://docs.rs/nusb)):
+
+```bash
+cargo build --release
+```
+
+The compiled binaries will be placed in `target/release/`:
+- `target/release/insta360-link-ctl`
+- `target/release/insta360-link-server`
+- `target/release/insta360-link-gui`
+
+---
+
+## Platform Setup Instructions
+
+### Linux (`udev` Rules)
+
+On Linux, `nusb` communicates directly with the kernel `usbfs` device node (`/dev/bus/usb/BBB/DDD`) and detaches/claims only the UVC VideoControl interface while leaving the V4L2 video streaming interface (`/dev/video*`) untouched for OBS, Zoom, or browsers.
+
+To run the CLI, server, and GUI without `sudo`, install the bundled `udev` rules:
+
+```bash
+sudo cp udev/99-insta360-link.rules /etc/udev/rules.d/99-insta360-link.rules
+sudo udevadm control --reload-rules
+sudo udevadm trigger
+```
+
+Unplug and reconnect your Insta360 Link camera if it is already connected.
+
+### Windows (`WinUSB` / Zadig Note)
+
+On Windows, the standard `usbvideo.sys` UVC driver claims the composite video interfaces. To allow direct USB control transfers via `nusb`:
+- Use [Zadig](https://zadig.akeo.ie/) (Options → **List All Devices**, uncheck **Ignore Hubs or Composite Parents**) to bind the camera's **UVC VideoControl interface (Interface 0)** to the **WinUSB** driver while leaving the VideoStreaming interface on `usbvideo.sys`, **or**
+- Run with `--mock` to test the CLI, server, and GUI using the built-in hardware simulator.
+
+### macOS
+
+On macOS, `nusb` uses `IOKit` to send UVC class-specific control requests directly to Endpoint 0 without detaching the macOS `UVCAssistant` / `AVFoundation` camera stream. No kernel extensions or extra permissions are required.
+
+---
+
+## Usage Examples
+
+### 1. Command-Line Interface (`insta360-link-ctl`)
+
+> **Tip**: Pass `--mock` (and optionally `--mock-model link2`, `link2c`, or `link`) to test any command against the simulated camera without physical hardware attached.
+
+```bash
+# List connected Insta360 Link cameras and discovered UVC unit IDs
+cargo run -p insta360-link-cli -- list
+
+# Show complete camera status, firmware version, PTZ angles, and active features
+cargo run -p insta360-link-cli -- status
+
+# Move gimbal to absolute pan/tilt angles (in degrees) and set zoom (100 = 1.0x, 200 = 2.0x)
+cargo run -p insta360-link-cli -- ptz --pan 15.0 --tilt -10.0 --zoom 150
+
+# Center / home the gimbal
+cargo run -p insta360-link-cli -- home
+
+# Save and recall gimbal preset slots (0..5)
+cargo run -p insta360-link-cli -- preset save 0
+cargo run -p insta360-link-cli -- preset recall 0
+
+# Switch AI Video Mode (normal, tracking, whiteboard, overhead, deskview, auto-framing, smart-whiteboard)
+cargo run -p insta360-link-cli -- mode tracking
+cargo run -p insta360-link-cli -- tracking --speed fast --composition half-body
+
+# Configure image settings (brightness, contrast, saturation, sharpness, white balance, HDR)
+cargo run -p insta360-link-cli -- image --brightness 60 --contrast 55 --hdr on --wb-kelvin 5600
+
+# Configure microphone beamforming mode (voice-focus, noise-suppression, music-balance, original, sound-wall)
+cargo run -p insta360-link-cli -- audio --mode voice-focus --denoise on
+```
+
+### 2. HTTP & WebSocket Server (`insta360-link-server`)
+
+Start the daemon on `127.0.0.1:8360` (use `--mock` if no physical camera is connected):
+
+```bash
+cargo run -p insta360-link-server -- --bind 127.0.0.1:8360 --mock
+```
+
+Example REST API calls:
+
+```bash
+# List discovered cameras
+curl http://127.0.0.1:8360/api/cameras
+
+# Fetch full camera state snapshot
+curl http://127.0.0.1:8360/api/state
+
+# Set PTZ pan, tilt, or zoom
+curl -X POST http://127.0.0.1:8360/api/ptz \
+  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
+  -d '{"pan_deg": 20.0, "tilt_deg": -5.0, "zoom": 180}'
+
+# Switch video mode
+curl -X POST http://127.0.0.1:8360/api/mode \
+  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
+  -d '{"mode": "DeskView"}'
+```
+
+Connect to `ws://127.0.0.1:8360/ws` over WebSockets to receive real-time JSON state broadcasts and send low-latency PTZ/control commands.
+
+### 3. Desktop GUI (`insta360-link-gui`)
+
+Launch the native cross-platform GUI (automatically connects to a physical Insta360 Link camera if found, or falls back to the interactive simulator):
+
+```bash
+cargo run -p insta360-link-gui
+```
+
+---
+
+## Roadmap / TODO
+
+- [ ] **PTZ Gimbal Presets**: Save, recall, rename, and delete up to 6 hardware gimbal preset positions (`XU1 0x0e` / `0x11` & `0x1a`) with live thumbnail preview cards in the right sidebar.
+- [ ] **Privacy Mode / Sleep Mode**: Hardware privacy sleep toggle (`XU2 0x0f`) and Mute in Privacy Mode (`XU1 0x1b` `UltimatePrivacyMode` bit 11) with gimbal-down standby synchronization.
+- [ ] **Smart Composition**: AI Zoom (`XU1 0x1b` bit 0) and Head / Half Body / Whole Body / Custom composition framing (`XU1 0x13` & `0x18`) during AI Tracking.
+
+---
+
+## Protocol Documentation
+
+For full reverse-engineering details—including disassembly addresses from `Webcam-desktop` v2.0.2, mixed-endian UVC Extension Unit GUIDs, `XU1` and `XU2` selector tables, `ExtendFunction` bitmasks, and the USB firmware upgrade state machine—see **[`docs/PROTOCOL.md`](docs/PROTOCOL.md)**.
+
+## License
+
+Licensed under either of **MIT** or **Apache-2.0** at your option.
diff --git a/crates/insta360-link-cli/Cargo.toml b/crates/insta360-link-cli/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..955205e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/insta360-link-cli/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+[package]
+name = "insta360-link-cli"
+version.workspace = true
+edition.workspace = true
+license.workspace = true
+description = "Cross-platform CLI controller for Insta360 Link, Link 2, and Link 2C cameras"
+
+[[bin]]
+name = "insta360-link-ctl"
+path = "src/main.rs"
+
+[dependencies]
+insta360-link-protocol = { path = "../insta360-link-protocol" }
+clap.workspace = true
+serde.workspace = true
+serde_json.workspace = true
+tracing.workspace = true
+tracing-subscriber.workspace = true
diff --git a/crates/insta360-link-cli/src/main.rs b/crates/insta360-link-cli/src/main.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1933278
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/insta360-link-cli/src/main.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,1909 @@
+use clap::{ArgAction, Parser, Subcommand, ValueEnum};
+use insta360_link_protocol::{
+    list_connected_cameras, AudioCaptureMode, CameraModel, CompositionStyle, DeviceInfo,
+    DeviceStatus, DiscoveredCamera, ExtendFunction, FilterMode, ForbiddenAreaInfo, Gesture,
+    GestureFunction, HostPtzInfo, ImageOperation, Insta360CameraController, MockCameraTransport,
+    NusbTransport, PowerLineFrequency, PtzVersionInfo, TrackSpeed, TransportError,
+    UvcControlTransport, UvcRect, UvcRequest, VideoMode, VideoModeAuxData,
+};
+use serde::Serialize;
+use std::process::ExitCode;
+
+#[derive(Parser, Debug)]
+#[command(
+    name = "insta360-link-ctl",
+    version,
+    about = "Cross-platform CLI controller for Insta360 Link, Link 2, and Link 2C cameras"
+)]
+pub struct Cli {
+    /// Run against an in-memory simulated camera model instead of physical USB
+    #[arg(long, global = true, value_enum, value_name = "MODEL")]
+    pub mock: Option<MockModelArg>,
+
+    /// Camera index (0, 1, ...) or unique_id when multiple physical cameras are connected
+    #[arg(long, global = true, value_name = "INDEX_OR_ID")]
+    pub device: Option<String>,
+
+    /// Output structured JSON for any query or command
+    #[arg(long, global = true)]
+    pub json: bool,
+
+    #[command(subcommand)]
+    pub command: Commands,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, ValueEnum)]
+pub enum MockModelArg {
+    #[value(name = "link", alias = "link1")]
+    Link,
+    #[value(name = "link2")]
+    Link2,
+    #[value(name = "link2c")]
+    Link2c,
+}
+
+impl From<MockModelArg> for CameraModel {
+    fn from(val: MockModelArg) -> Self {
+        match val {
+            MockModelArg::Link => CameraModel::Link,
+            MockModelArg::Link2 => CameraModel::Link2,
+            MockModelArg::Link2c => CameraModel::Link2C,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Subcommand, Debug)]
+pub enum Commands {
+    /// List connected Insta360 Link family cameras (or simulated camera with --mock)
+    List,
+
+    /// Query and display device info, gimbal PTZ version, status flags, video mode, and extended features
+    Info,
+
+    /// Pan, Tilt, Zoom, Roll, Composition Bias, and Host Digital Crop controls
+    #[command(subcommand)]
+    Ptz(PtzCommand),
+
+    /// Manage camera preset positions (0..5)
+    #[command(subcommand)]
+    Preset(PresetCommand),
+
+    /// Get or set camera video mode (Normal, AI Tracking, Whiteboard, Overhead, DeskView, Auto Framing, Smart Whiteboard)
+    #[command(subcommand)]
+    Mode(ModeCommand),
+
+    /// Configure AI tracking speed, framing style, hand gestures, and tracked target selection
+    #[command(subcommand)]
+    Tracking(TrackingCommand),
+
+    /// Query and configure image settings, exposure, white balance, filters, and onboard templates
+    #[command(subcommand)]
+    Image(ImageCommand),
+
+    /// Query and configure microphone capture mode and AI noise reduction
+    #[command(subcommand)]
+    Audio(AudioCommand),
+
+    /// Configure extended hardware features, privacy sleep, anti-flicker, and system maintenance
+    #[command(subcommand)]
+    System(SystemCommand),
+}
+
+#[derive(Subcommand, Debug)]
+pub enum PtzCommand {
+    /// Show current pan/tilt, zoom, roll, and PTZ version info
+    Get,
+
+    /// Set absolute gimbal pan and tilt angles in arcseconds (1 degree = 3600 arcsec)
+    Set {
+        #[arg(long, allow_hyphen_values = true, value_name = "ARCSEC")]
+        pan: i32,
+        #[arg(long, allow_hyphen_values = true, value_name = "ARCSEC")]
+        tilt: i32,
+    },
+
+    /// Move gimbal with relative speed (0..10) and direction (-1, 0, 1)
+    Move {
+        #[arg(long, default_value_t = 0, value_name = "0..10")]
+        pan_speed: u8,
+        #[arg(long, default_value_t = 0, allow_hyphen_values = true, value_name = "-1|0|1")]
+        pan_dir: i8,
+        #[arg(long, default_value_t = 0, value_name = "0..10")]
+        tilt_speed: u8,
+        #[arg(long, default_value_t = 0, allow_hyphen_values = true, value_name = "-1|0|1")]
+        tilt_dir: i8,
+    },
+
+    /// Stop ongoing relative pan/tilt movement
+    Stop,
+
+    /// Set digital zoom multiplier (100 = 1.0x .. 400 = 4.0x)
+    Zoom {
+        #[arg(value_name = "100..400")]
+        zoom: u16,
+    },
+
+    /// Set gimbal roll angle in tenths of a degree (-1800..1800)
+    Roll {
+        #[arg(allow_hyphen_values = true, value_name = "-1800..1800")]
+        roll: i16,
+    },
+
+    /// Set AI tracking composition pixel bias offset
+    Bias {
+        #[arg(long, allow_hyphen_values = true, value_name = "I16")]
+        x: i16,
+        #[arg(long, allow_hyphen_values = true, value_name = "I16")]
+        y: i16,
+    },
+
+    /// Reset AI tracking composition bias to center (0x7fff, 0x7fff)
+    ResetBias,
+
+    /// Set digital host PTZ crop window (Link 2C / Host mode)
+    HostCrop {
+        #[arg(long, value_name = "U16")]
+        x: u16,
+        #[arg(long, value_name = "U16")]
+        y: u16,
+        #[arg(long, value_name = "U16")]
+        width: u16,
+        #[arg(long, value_name = "U16")]
+        height: u16,
+    },
+
+    /// Reset gimbal to home position
+    Reset,
+}
+
+#[derive(Subcommand, Debug)]
+pub enum PresetCommand {
+    /// List saved preset slots and active preset index
+    List,
+
+    /// Recall a saved preset slot by index
+    Recall {
+        #[arg(value_name = "INDEX")]
+        index: u8,
+    },
+
+    /// Save current PTZ position to preset slot index
+    Save {
+        #[arg(value_name = "INDEX")]
+        index: u8,
+    },
+
+    /// Delete a saved preset slot by index
+    Delete {
+        #[arg(value_name = "INDEX")]
+        index: u8,
+    },
+}
+
+#[derive(Subcommand, Debug)]
+pub enum ModeCommand {
+    /// Get active video mode and auxiliary parameters
+    Get,
+
+    /// Set active video mode and optional pitch/zoom auxiliary parameters
+    Set {
+        #[arg(value_enum)]
+        mode: VideoModeArg,
+        #[arg(long, allow_hyphen_values = true, value_name = "I16")]
+        pitch: Option<i16>,
+        #[arg(long, value_name = "U16")]
+        zoom: Option<u16>,
+    },
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, ValueEnum)]
+pub enum VideoModeArg {
+    #[value(name = "normal")]
+    Normal,
+    #[value(name = "auto-tracking", alias = "tracking")]
+    AutoTracking,
+    #[value(name = "whiteboard")]
+    Whiteboard,
+    #[value(name = "overhead", alias = "overhead-shot")]
+    Overhead,
+    #[value(name = "deskview")]
+    Deskview,
+    #[value(name = "auto-framing", alias = "framing")]
+    AutoFraming,
+    #[value(name = "smart-whiteboard")]
+    SmartWhiteboard,
+}
+
+impl From<VideoModeArg> for VideoMode {
+    fn from(val: VideoModeArg) -> Self {
+        match val {
+            VideoModeArg::Normal => VideoMode::Normal,
+            VideoModeArg::AutoTracking => VideoMode::AutoTracking,
+            VideoModeArg::Whiteboard => VideoMode::WhiteBoard,
+            VideoModeArg::Overhead => VideoMode::OverheadShot,
+            VideoModeArg::Deskview => VideoMode::DeskView,
+            VideoModeArg::AutoFraming => VideoMode::AutoFraming,
+            VideoModeArg::SmartWhiteboard => VideoMode::SmartWhiteBoard,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Subcommand, Debug)]
+pub enum TrackingCommand {
+    /// Set gimbal AI tracking speed
+    Speed {
+        #[arg(value_enum)]
+        speed: TrackSpeedArg,
+    },
+
+    /// Set AI tracking / framing composition style
+    Style {
+        #[arg(value_enum)]
+        style: CompositionStyleArg,
+    },
+
+    /// Query or configure hand gesture recognition toggles
+    Gestures {
+        #[arg(long, value_name = "BOOL", value_parser = parse_bool)]
+        all: Option<bool>,
+        #[arg(long, value_name = "BOOL", value_parser = parse_bool)]
+        ok: Option<bool>,
+        #[arg(long, value_name = "BOOL", value_parser = parse_bool)]
+        palm: Option<bool>,
+        #[arg(long, value_name = "BOOL", value_parser = parse_bool)]
+        l: Option<bool>,
+        #[arg(long, value_name = "BOOL", value_parser = parse_bool)]
+        v: Option<bool>,
+        #[arg(long, value_name = "BOOL", value_parser = parse_bool)]
+        rock: Option<bool>,
+    },
+
+    /// List currently detected trackable object bounding boxes
+    Objects,
+
+    /// Select a specific tracked object bounding box
+    Select {
+        #[arg(long, allow_hyphen_values = true, value_name = "I16")]
+        x: i16,
+        #[arg(long, allow_hyphen_values = true, value_name = "I16")]
+        y: i16,
+        #[arg(long, allow_hyphen_values = true, value_name = "I16")]
+        width: i16,
+        #[arg(long, allow_hyphen_values = true, value_name = "I16")]
+        height: i16,
+        #[arg(long, default_value_t = 0, allow_hyphen_values = true, value_name = "I16")]
+        id: i16,
+    },
+
+    /// Query current hand gesture function bindings
+    GestureBindings,
+
+    /// Bind a hand gesture to a tracking/framing function
+    BindGesture {
+        #[arg(value_enum, value_name = "GESTURE")]
+        gesture: GestureArg,
+        #[arg(value_enum, value_name = "FUNC")]
+        func: GestureFuncArg,
+    },
+
+    /// Configure tracking forbidden area zones
+    #[command(subcommand)]
+    ForbiddenAreas(ForbiddenAreasCommand),
+
+    /// Force set smart whiteboard mode
+    ForceSmartWhiteboard {
+        #[arg(value_name = "MODE")]
+        mode: u8,
+    },
+}
+
+pub type TrackingCmd = TrackingCommand;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, ValueEnum)]
+pub enum TrackSpeedArg {
+    #[value(name = "slow")]
+    Slow,
+    #[value(name = "normal")]
+    Normal,
+    #[value(name = "fast")]
+    Fast,
+}
+
+impl From<TrackSpeedArg> for TrackSpeed {
+    fn from(val: TrackSpeedArg) -> Self {
+        match val {
+            TrackSpeedArg::Slow => TrackSpeed::Slow,
+            TrackSpeedArg::Normal => TrackSpeed::Normal,
+            TrackSpeedArg::Fast => TrackSpeed::Fast,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, ValueEnum)]
+pub enum CompositionStyleArg {
+    #[value(name = "head")]
+    Head,
+    #[value(name = "half-body")]
+    HalfBody,
+    #[value(name = "whole-body")]
+    WholeBody,
+    #[value(name = "custom")]
+    Custom,
+}
+
+impl From<CompositionStyleArg> for CompositionStyle {
+    fn from(val: CompositionStyleArg) -> Self {
+        match val {
+            CompositionStyleArg::Head => CompositionStyle::Head,
+            CompositionStyleArg::HalfBody => CompositionStyle::HalfBody,
+            CompositionStyleArg::WholeBody => CompositionStyle::WholeBody,
+            CompositionStyleArg::Custom => CompositionStyle::Custom,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Subcommand, Debug)]
+pub enum ForbiddenAreasCommand {
+    /// List configured tracking forbidden areas
+    List,
+
+    /// Enter tracking forbidden area setup mode
+    EnterSetup,
+
+    /// Exit tracking forbidden area setup mode
+    ExitSetup,
+
+    /// Enable or disable tracking forbidden area feature
+    Enable {
+        #[arg(action = ArgAction::Set, value_name = "BOOL", value_parser = parse_bool)]
+        enable: bool,
+    },
+
+    /// Set a tracking forbidden area boundary zone
+    Set {
+        #[arg(long, value_name = "0..3")]
+        index: u8,
+        #[arg(long, value_name = "BOOL", value_parser = parse_bool)]
+        enabled: bool,
+        #[arg(long, allow_hyphen_values = true, value_name = "I16")]
+        pan_min: i16,
+        #[arg(long, allow_hyphen_values = true, value_name = "I16")]
+        pan_max: i16,
+        #[arg(long, allow_hyphen_values = true, value_name = "I16")]
+        tilt_min: i16,
+        #[arg(long, allow_hyphen_values = true, value_name = "I16")]
+        tilt_max: i16,
+    },
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, ValueEnum)]
+pub enum GestureArg {
+    #[value(name = "ok")]
+    Ok,
+    #[value(name = "palm")]
+    Palm,
+    #[value(name = "l")]
+    L,
+    #[value(name = "v")]
+    V,
+    #[value(name = "rock")]
+    Rock,
+}
+
+impl From<GestureArg> for Gesture {
+    fn from(val: GestureArg) -> Self {
+        match val {
+            GestureArg::Ok => Gesture::Ok,
+            GestureArg::Palm => Gesture::Palm,
+            GestureArg::L => Gesture::LShape,
+            GestureArg::V => Gesture::VShape,
+            GestureArg::Rock => Gesture::Rock,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, ValueEnum)]
+pub enum GestureFuncArg {
+    #[value(name = "none")]
+    None,
+    #[value(name = "auto-tracking")]
+    AutoTracking,
+    #[value(name = "zoom")]
+    Zoom,
+    #[value(name = "whiteboard")]
+    Whiteboard,
+    #[value(name = "auto-framing")]
+    AutoFraming,
+}
+
+impl From<GestureFuncArg> for GestureFunction {
+    fn from(val: GestureFuncArg) -> Self {
+        match val {
+            GestureFuncArg::None => GestureFunction::None,
+            GestureFuncArg::AutoTracking => GestureFunction::AutoTracking,
+            GestureFuncArg::Zoom => GestureFunction::Zoom,
+            GestureFuncArg::Whiteboard => GestureFunction::WhiteBoard,
+            GestureFuncArg::AutoFraming => GestureFunction::AutoFraming,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Subcommand, Debug)]
+pub enum ImageCommand {
+    /// Get all image, exposure, white balance, filter, and HDR parameters
+    Get,
+
+    /// Set one or more image, exposure, white balance, filter, or HDR parameters
+    Set {
+        #[arg(long, allow_hyphen_values = true, value_name = "I16")]
+        brightness: Option<i16>,
+        #[arg(long, value_name = "U16")]
+        contrast: Option<u16>,
+        #[arg(long, value_name = "U16")]
+        saturation: Option<u16>,
+        #[arg(long, value_name = "U16")]
+        sharpness: Option<u16>,
+        #[arg(long, value_name = "BOOL", value_parser = parse_bool)]
+        auto_wb: Option<bool>,
+        #[arg(long, value_name = "U16")]
+        wb_kelvin: Option<u16>,
+        #[arg(long, value_name = "BOOL", value_parser = parse_bool)]
+        auto_exposure: Option<bool>,
+        #[arg(long, value_name = "U16")]
+        iso: Option<u16>,
+        #[arg(long, value_name = "U32")]
+        shutter: Option<u32>,
+        #[arg(long, allow_hyphen_values = true, value_name = "F32")]
+        ev: Option<f32>,
+        #[arg(long, value_name = "BOOL", value_parser = parse_bool)]
+        hdr: Option<bool>,
+        #[arg(long, value_enum, value_name = "FILTER")]
+        filter: Option<FilterModeArg>,
+    },
+
+    /// Manage onboard camera image templates
+    #[command(subcommand)]
+    Template(TemplateCommand),
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, ValueEnum)]
+pub enum FilterModeArg {
+    #[value(name = "none")]
+    None,
+    #[value(name = "style1")]
+    Style1,
+    #[value(name = "style2")]
+    Style2,
+    #[value(name = "fresh")]
+    Fresh,
+    #[value(name = "amber")]
+    Amber,
+    #[value(name = "film1")]
+    Film1,
+    #[value(name = "film2")]
+    Film2,
+    #[value(name = "cool")]
+    Cool,
+    #[value(name = "warm")]
+    Warm,
+}
+
+impl From<FilterModeArg> for FilterMode {
+    fn from(val: FilterModeArg) -> Self {
+        match val {
+            FilterModeArg::None => FilterMode::None,
+            FilterModeArg::Style1 => FilterMode::Style1,
+            FilterModeArg::Style2 => FilterMode::Style2,
+            FilterModeArg::Fresh => FilterMode::Fresh,
+            FilterModeArg::Amber => FilterMode::Amber,
+            FilterModeArg::Film1 => FilterMode::Film1,
+            FilterModeArg::Film2 => FilterMode::Film2,
+            FilterModeArg::Cool => FilterMode::Cool,
+            FilterModeArg::Warm => FilterMode::Warm,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Subcommand, Debug)]
+pub enum TemplateCommand {
+    /// Get image template bitmask and active template ID
+    Info,
+
+    /// Apply a saved image template by ID
+    Apply {
+        #[arg(value_name = "ID")]
+        id: i8,
+    },
+
+    /// Save current image settings to template slot ID
+    Save {
+        #[arg(value_name = "ID")]
+        id: i8,
+        #[arg(long, value_name = "STR")]
+        name: Option<String>,
+    },
+
+    /// Delete a saved image template by ID
+    Delete {
+        #[arg(value_name = "ID")]
+        id: i8,
+    },
+}
+
+#[derive(Subcommand, Debug)]
+pub enum AudioCommand {
+    /// Get current audio capture mode and AI noise reduction status
+    Get,
+
+    /// Set microphone audio capture mode
+    Mode {
+        #[arg(value_enum)]
+        mode: AudioModeArg,
+    },
+
+    /// Enable or disable AI audio noise reduction
+    Denoise {
+        #[arg(action = ArgAction::Set, value_name = "BOOL", value_parser = parse_bool)]
+        enable: bool,
+    },
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, ValueEnum)]
+pub enum AudioModeArg {
+    #[value(name = "voice-focus")]
+    VoiceFocus,
+    #[value(name = "voice-suppression")]
+    VoiceSuppression,
+    #[value(name = "music-balance")]
+    MusicBalance,
+    #[value(name = "original")]
+    Original,
+    #[value(name = "sound-wall")]
+    SoundWall,
+}
+
+impl From<AudioModeArg> for AudioCaptureMode {
+    fn from(val: AudioModeArg) -> Self {
+        match val {
+            AudioModeArg::VoiceFocus => AudioCaptureMode::VoiceFocus,
+            AudioModeArg::VoiceSuppression => AudioCaptureMode::VoiceSuppression,
+            AudioModeArg::MusicBalance => AudioCaptureMode::MusicBalance,
+            AudioModeArg::Original => AudioCaptureMode::Original,
+            AudioModeArg::SoundWall => AudioCaptureMode::SoundWall,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Subcommand, Debug)]
+pub enum SystemCommand {
+    /// Enable or disable an extended hardware feature bit (`XU1 0x0a`)
+    Feature {
+        #[arg(value_enum)]
+        feature: ExtendFunctionArg,
+        #[arg(action = ArgAction::Set, value_name = "BOOL", value_parser = parse_bool)]
+        enable: bool,
+    },
+
+    /// Enable or disable hardware privacy mode (`XU2 0x08`)
+    Privacy {
+        #[arg(action = ArgAction::Set, value_name = "BOOL", value_parser = parse_bool)]
+        enable: bool,
+    },
+
+    /// Enable or disable horizontal correction (`XU2 0x0d`)
+    HorizontalCorrection {
+        #[arg(action = ArgAction::Set, value_name = "BOOL", value_parser = parse_bool)]
+        enable: bool,
+    },
+
+    /// Set power-line anti-flicker frequency (`PU 0x05`)
+    AntiFlicker {
+        #[arg(value_enum)]
+        frequency: AntiFlickerArg,
+    },
+
+    /// Restore factory defaults (`XU1 0x01` & `XU2 0x02`)
+    FactoryReset {
+        /// Perform full factory reset and reboot device
+        #[arg(long)]
+        reboot: bool,
+    },
+
+    /// Switch camera USB interface to Read-Only Mass Storage Class (`XU1 0x0f`)
+    MscReadonly,
+
+    /// Configure image quality / system feature switch bit (`XU2 0x02`)
+    IqSwitch {
+        #[arg(long, value_name = "0..31")]
+        bit: u8,
+        #[arg(action = ArgAction::Set, value_name = "BOOL", value_parser = parse_bool)]
+        enable: bool,
+        #[arg(long, value_name = "U32")]
+        mask: Option<u32>,
+    },
+
+    /// Query the hardware optical/digital real zoom value (`XU2 0x0e`)
+    RealZoom,
+
+    /// Query fill light parameters (mode, level) (`XU2 0x08`)
+    FillLight,
+}
+
+pub type SystemCmd = SystemCommand;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, ValueEnum)]
+pub enum ExtendFunctionArg {
+    #[value(name = "ai-zoom")]
+    AiZoom,
+    #[value(name = "hdr")]
+    Hdr,
+    #[value(name = "horizontal-mirror")]
+    HorizontalMirror,
+    #[value(name = "all-gestures")]
+    AllGestures,
+    #[value(name = "vertical-mode")]
+    VerticalMode,
+    #[value(name = "startup-params")]
+    StartupParams,
+    #[value(name = "single-tap-tracking")]
+    SingleTapTracking,
+    #[value(name = "auto-tracking")]
+    AutoTracking,
+    #[value(name = "smart-adjustment")]
+    SmartAdjustment,
+    #[value(name = "forced-vertical")]
+    ForcedVertical,
+    #[value(name = "ultimate-privacy")]
+    UltimatePrivacy,
+    #[value(name = "vertical-mirror")]
+    VerticalMirror,
+    #[value(name = "low-resolution")]
+    LowResolution,
+    #[value(name = "track-forbidden-area")]
+    TrackForbiddenArea,
+}
+
+impl From<ExtendFunctionArg> for ExtendFunction {
+    fn from(val: ExtendFunctionArg) -> Self {
+        match val {
+            ExtendFunctionArg::AiZoom => ExtendFunction::AiZoom,
+            ExtendFunctionArg::Hdr => ExtendFunction::Hdr,
+            ExtendFunctionArg::HorizontalMirror => ExtendFunction::HorizontalMirror,
+            ExtendFunctionArg::AllGestures => ExtendFunction::AllGestures,
+            ExtendFunctionArg::VerticalMode => ExtendFunction::VerticalMode,
+            ExtendFunctionArg::StartupParams => ExtendFunction::StartupParams,
+            ExtendFunctionArg::SingleTapTracking => ExtendFunction::SingleTapTracking,
+            ExtendFunctionArg::AutoTracking => ExtendFunction::AutoTracking,
+            ExtendFunctionArg::SmartAdjustment => ExtendFunction::SmartAdjustment,
+            ExtendFunctionArg::ForcedVertical => ExtendFunction::ForcedVertical,
+            ExtendFunctionArg::UltimatePrivacy => ExtendFunction::UltimatePrivacyMode,
+            ExtendFunctionArg::VerticalMirror => ExtendFunction::VerticalMirror,
+            ExtendFunctionArg::LowResolution => ExtendFunction::LowResolution,
+            ExtendFunctionArg::TrackForbiddenArea => ExtendFunction::TrackForbiddenArea,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, ValueEnum)]
+pub enum AntiFlickerArg {
+    #[value(name = "disabled", alias = "off")]
+    Disabled,
+    #[value(name = "50hz", alias = "50")]
+    Hz50,
+    #[value(name = "60hz", alias = "60")]
+    Hz60,
+    #[value(name = "auto")]
+    Auto,
+}
+
+impl From<AntiFlickerArg> for PowerLineFrequency {
+    fn from(val: AntiFlickerArg) -> Self {
+        match val {
+            AntiFlickerArg::Disabled => PowerLineFrequency::Disabled,
+            AntiFlickerArg::Hz50 => PowerLineFrequency::Hz50,
+            AntiFlickerArg::Hz60 => PowerLineFrequency::Hz60,
+            AntiFlickerArg::Auto => PowerLineFrequency::Auto,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn parse_bool(s: &str) -> Result<bool, String> {
+    match s.trim().to_ascii_lowercase().as_str() {
+        "true" | "1" | "on" | "yes" | "enable" | "enabled" => Ok(true),
+        "false" | "0" | "off" | "no" | "disable" | "disabled" => Ok(false),
+        other => Err(format!(
+            "invalid boolean value '{other}' (expected true/false, on/off, or 1/0)"
+        )),
+    }
+}
+
+enum CliTransport {
+    Mock(MockCameraTransport),
+    Usb(NusbTransport),
+}
+
+impl UvcControlTransport for CliTransport {
+    fn camera_info(&self) -> &DiscoveredCamera {
+        match self {
+            Self::Mock(m) => m.camera_info(),
+            Self::Usb(u) => u.camera_info(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn set_cur(&self, unit_id: u8, selector: u8, data: &[u8]) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+        match self {
+            Self::Mock(m) => m.set_cur(unit_id, selector, data),
+            Self::Usb(u) => u.set_cur(unit_id, selector, data),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn get_req(
+        &self,
+        req: UvcRequest,
+        unit_id: u8,
+        selector: u8,
+        len: usize,
+    ) -> Result<Vec<u8>, TransportError> {
+        match self {
+            Self::Mock(m) => m.get_req(req, unit_id, selector, len),
+            Self::Usb(u) => u.get_req(req, unit_id, selector, len),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn open_controller(
+    mock: Option<MockModelArg>,
+    device: Option<&str>,
+) -> Result<Insta360CameraController<CliTransport>, TransportError> {
+    if let Some(model_arg) = mock {
+        let transport = MockCameraTransport::new(model_arg.into());
+        return Ok(Insta360CameraController::new(CliTransport::Mock(transport)));
+    }
+
+    if let Some(selector) = device {
+        let cameras = list_connected_cameras()?;
+        let chosen = if let Some(exact) = cameras.iter().find(|c| c.unique_id == selector) {
+            exact.clone()
+        } else if let Ok(index) = selector.parse::<usize>() {
+            cameras
+                .get(index)
+                .cloned()
+                .ok_or(TransportError::DeviceNotFound)?
+        } else {
+            let lower = selector.to_ascii_lowercase();
+            cameras
+                .into_iter()
+                .find(|c| {
+                    c.unique_id.to_ascii_lowercase().contains(&lower)
+                        || c.name.to_ascii_lowercase().contains(&lower)
+                        || c.model.internal_code().eq_ignore_ascii_case(&lower)
+                })
+                .ok_or(TransportError::DeviceNotFound)?
+        };
+        let transport = NusbTransport::open_by_info(chosen)?;
+        Ok(Insta360CameraController::new(CliTransport::Usb(transport)))
+    } else {
+        let transport = NusbTransport::open_first()?;
+        Ok(Insta360CameraController::new(CliTransport::Usb(transport)))
+    }
+}
+
+fn print_output<T: Serialize>(json: bool, value: &T, human_fn: impl FnOnce(&T)) {
+    if json {
+        match serde_json::to_string_pretty(value) {
+            Ok(s) => println!("{s}"),
+            Err(e) => eprintln!("JSON serialization error: {e}"),
+        }
+    } else {
+        human_fn(value);
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Serialize)]
+struct CameraListEntry {
+    index: usize,
+    vendor_id: u16,
+    product_id: u16,
+    vendor_id_hex: String,
+    product_id_hex: String,
+    model_name: String,
+    internal_code: String,
+    camera: DiscoveredCamera,
+}
+
+#[derive(Serialize)]
+struct FullCameraInfoReport {
+    camera: DiscoveredCamera,
+    model_display_name: String,
+    internal_code: String,
+    device_info: DeviceInfo,
+    ptz_version: PtzVersionInfo,
+    status_bits: u32,
+    status_flags: Vec<String>,
+    video_mode: VideoMode,
+    video_mode_name: String,
+    video_mode_aux: VideoModeAuxData,
+    extend_functions: Vec<(ExtendFunction, bool)>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Serialize)]
+struct PtzStatusReport {
+    pan_arcsec: i32,
+    tilt_arcsec: i32,
+    zoom: u16,
+    roll: i16,
+    ptz_version: PtzVersionInfo,
+}
+
+#[derive(Serialize)]
+struct ImageStatusReport {
+    brightness: i16,
+    contrast: u16,
+    saturation: u16,
+    sharpness: u16,
+    auto_wb: bool,
+    wb_kelvin: u16,
+    auto_exposure: bool,
+    iso: u16,
+    shutter: u32,
+    ev: f32,
+    filter: FilterMode,
+    hdr: bool,
+}
+
+#[derive(Serialize)]
+struct AudioStatusReport {
+    mode: AudioCaptureMode,
+    mode_name: String,
+    denoise: bool,
+}
+
+#[derive(Serialize)]
+struct ActionAck<T: Serialize> {
+    ok: bool,
+    action: &'static str,
+    details: T,
+}
+
+fn format_status_flags(status: DeviceStatus) -> Vec<String> {
+    let mut flags = Vec::new();
+    if status.contains(DeviceStatus::TRACKING_ACTIVE) {
+        flags.push("TRACKING_ACTIVE".to_string());
+    }
+    if status.contains(DeviceStatus::WHITEBOARD_ACTIVE) {
+        flags.push("WHITEBOARD_ACTIVE".to_string());
+    }
+    if status.contains(DeviceStatus::GESTURE_DETECTED) {
+        flags.push("GESTURE_DETECTED".to_string());
+    }
+    if status.contains(DeviceStatus::PRIVACY_SLEEP) {
+        flags.push("PRIVACY_SLEEP".to_string());
+    }
+    if status.contains(DeviceStatus::OVERHEAD_MODE) {
+        flags.push("OVERHEAD_MODE".to_string());
+    }
+    if status.contains(DeviceStatus::DESKVIEW_MODE) {
+        flags.push("DESKVIEW_MODE".to_string());
+    }
+    if status.contains(DeviceStatus::UPGRADING) {
+        flags.push("UPGRADING".to_string());
+    }
+    flags
+}
+
+fn query_image_status<T: UvcControlTransport>(
+    ctrl: &Insta360CameraController<T>,
+) -> Result<ImageStatusReport, TransportError> {
+    let brightness = ctrl.get_brightness()?;
+    let contrast = ctrl.get_contrast()?;
+    let saturation = ctrl.get_saturation()?;
+    let sharpness = ctrl.get_sharpness()?;
+    let auto_wb = ctrl.get_auto_white_balance()?;
+    let wb_kelvin = ctrl.get_white_balance_temperature().unwrap_or(5000);
+    let auto_exposure = ctrl.get_auto_exposure().unwrap_or(true);
+    let iso = ctrl.get_iso().unwrap_or(100);
+    let shutter = ctrl.get_shutter_speed().unwrap_or(200);
+    let ev = ctrl.get_exposure_compensation().unwrap_or(0.0);
+    let filter = ctrl.get_filter().unwrap_or(FilterMode::None);
+    let ext = ctrl.get_extend_function_status().unwrap_or_default();
+    let hdr = ext
+        .into_iter()
+        .find(|(f, _)| *f == ExtendFunction::Hdr)
+        .map(|(_, en)| en)
+        .unwrap_or(false);
+
+    Ok(ImageStatusReport {
+        brightness,
+        contrast,
+        saturation,
+        sharpness,
+        auto_wb,
+        wb_kelvin,
+        auto_exposure,
+        iso,
+        shutter,
+        ev,
+        filter,
+        hdr,
+    })
+}
+
+fn run(cli: Cli) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+    match cli.command {
+        Commands::List => {
+            let cameras = if let Some(mock_model) = cli.mock {
+                let mock = MockCameraTransport::new(mock_model.into());
+                vec![mock.camera_info().clone()]
+            } else {
+                list_connected_cameras()?
+            };
+
+            let entries: Vec<CameraListEntry> = cameras
+                .into_iter()
+                .enumerate()
+                .map(|(index, cam)| CameraListEntry {
+                    index,
+                    vendor_id: cam.vendor_id,
+                    product_id: cam.product_id,
+                    vendor_id_hex: format!("0x{:04x}", cam.vendor_id),
+                    product_id_hex: format!("0x{:04x}", cam.product_id),
+                    model_name: cam.model.display_name().to_string(),
+                    internal_code: cam.model.internal_code().to_string(),
+                    camera: cam,
+                })
+                .collect();
+
+            print_output(cli.json, &entries, |list| {
+                if list.is_empty() {
+                    println!("No Insta360 Link family cameras found.");
+                    return;
+                }
+                for entry in list {
+                    let c = &entry.camera;
+                    println!(
+                        "[{}] {} ({}) - VID:PID {:04x}:{:04x} (internal: {}, bus: {}, addr: {}, id: {})",
+                        entry.index,
+                        c.name,
+                        entry.model_name,
+                        c.vendor_id,
+                        c.product_id,
+                        entry.internal_code,
+                        c.bus_number,
+                        c.device_address,
+                        c.unique_id
+                    );
+                    println!(
+                        "    UVC Units: interface={}, IT={}, PU={}, XU1={}, XU2={}",
+                        c.unit_ids.control_interface,
+                        c.unit_ids.input_terminal_id,
+                        c.unit_ids.processing_unit_id,
+                        c.unit_ids.extension_unit_id,
+                        c.unit_ids.extension_unit2_id
+                    );
+                    println!(
+                        "    Capabilities: gimbal={}, ptz_drag={}, auto_track={}, auto_framing={}, smart_adj={}, area_track={}, roll={}, templates={}, privacy={}, ai_denoise={}, audio_modes={}, sound_wall={}, horiz_corr={}",
+                        c.capabilities.has_physical_gimbal,
+                        c.capabilities.support_ptz_drag,
+                        c.capabilities.support_auto_track,
+                        c.capabilities.support_auto_framing,
+                        c.capabilities.support_smart_adjustment,
+                        c.capabilities.support_area_track,
+                        c.capabilities.support_roll_adjustment,
+                        c.capabilities.support_image_template,
+                        c.capabilities.support_privacy_mode,
+                        c.capabilities.support_ai_denoise,
+                        c.capabilities.support_audio_capture_mode,
+                        c.capabilities.support_sound_wall,
+                        c.capabilities.support_horizontal_correction
+                    );
+                }
+            });
+        }
+
+        Commands::Info => {
+            let ctrl = open_controller(cli.mock, cli.device.as_deref())?;
+            let cam = ctrl.camera_info().clone();
+            let device_info = ctrl.get_device_info()?;
+            let ptz_version = ctrl.get_ptz_version_and_angles()?;
+            let status = ctrl.get_device_status()?;
+            let (video_mode, video_mode_aux) = ctrl.get_video_mode()?;
+            let extend_functions = ctrl.get_extend_function_status()?;
+
+            let report = FullCameraInfoReport {
+                model_display_name: cam.model.display_name().to_string(),
+                internal_code: cam.model.internal_code().to_string(),
+                camera: cam,
+                device_info,
+                ptz_version,
+                status_bits: status.bits(),
+                status_flags: format_status_flags(status),
+                video_mode,
+                video_mode_name: video_mode.name().to_string(),
+                video_mode_aux,
+                extend_functions,
+            };
+
+            print_output(cli.json, &report, |r| {
+                println!(
+                    "Camera: {} ({}, VID:PID {:04x}:{:04x})",
+                    r.camera.name, r.internal_code, r.camera.vendor_id, r.camera.product_id
+                );
+                println!("Device Info:");
+                println!("  Name:             {}", r.device_info.device_name);
+                println!("  Firmware Version: {}", r.device_info.firmware_version);
+                println!("  Serial Number:    {}", r.device_info.serial_number);
+                println!("PTZ Version Info:");
+                println!("  Gimbal Firmware:  {}", r.ptz_version.version);
+                println!(
+                    "  Pan / Tilt:       {} / {} (0.1 deg)",
+                    r.ptz_version.pan, r.ptz_version.tilt
+                );
+                println!("  Zoom:             {}", r.ptz_version.zoom);
+                println!("  Status Byte:      {}", r.ptz_version.status);
+                println!(
+                    "Device Status:      0x{:08x} ({:?})",
+                    r.status_bits, r.status_flags
+                );
+                println!(
+                    "Video Mode:         {:?} ({}) [pitch={}, zoom={}, flags=0x{:02x}]",
+                    r.video_mode,
+                    r.video_mode_name,
+                    r.video_mode_aux.pitch,
+                    r.video_mode_aux.zoom,
+                    r.video_mode_aux.flags
+                );
+                println!("Extended Functions:");
+                for (func, enabled) in &r.extend_functions {
+                    println!("  {:22}: {}", format!("{:?}", func), enabled);
+                }
+            });
+        }
+
+        Commands::Ptz(sub) => {
+            let ctrl = open_controller(cli.mock, cli.device.as_deref())?;
+            match sub {
+                PtzCommand::Get => {
+                    let (pan_arcsec, tilt_arcsec) = ctrl.get_pantilt_absolute()?;
+                    let zoom = ctrl.get_zoom()?;
+                    let roll = ctrl.get_roll()?;
+                    let ptz_version = ctrl.get_ptz_version_and_angles()?;
+                    let report = PtzStatusReport {
+                        pan_arcsec,
+                        tilt_arcsec,
+                        zoom,
+                        roll,
+                        ptz_version,
+                    };
+                    print_output(cli.json, &report, |r| {
+                        println!("Pan (arcsec):     {}", r.pan_arcsec);
+                        println!("Tilt (arcsec):    {}", r.tilt_arcsec);
+                        println!("Zoom:             {}", r.zoom);
+                        println!("Roll (0.1 deg):   {}", r.roll);
+                        println!(
+                            "PTZ Info:         fw={}, pan={}, tilt={}, zoom={}, status={}",
+                            r.ptz_version.version,
+                            r.ptz_version.pan,
+                            r.ptz_version.tilt,
+                            r.ptz_version.zoom,
+                            r.ptz_version.status
+                        );
+                    });
+                }
+                PtzCommand::Set { pan, tilt } => {
+                    ctrl.set_pantilt_absolute(pan, tilt)?;
+                    let ack = ActionAck {
+                        ok: true,
+                        action: "ptz.set_pantilt_absolute",
+                        details: serde_json::json!({ "pan_arcsec": pan, "tilt_arcsec": tilt }),
+                    };
+                    print_output(cli.json, &ack, |_| {
+                        println!("Set absolute pan={pan} arcsec, tilt={tilt} arcsec");
+                    });
+                }
+                PtzCommand::Move {
+                    pan_speed,
+                    pan_dir,
+                    tilt_speed,
+                    tilt_dir,
+                } => {
+                    ctrl.set_pantilt_relative_ext(pan_speed, pan_dir, tilt_speed, tilt_dir)?;
+                    let ack = ActionAck {
+                        ok: true,
+                        action: "ptz.set_pantilt_relative_ext",
+                        details: serde_json::json!({
+                            "pan_speed": pan_speed,
+                            "pan_dir": pan_dir,
+                            "tilt_speed": tilt_speed,
+                            "tilt_dir": tilt_dir,
+                        }),
+                    };
+                    print_output(cli.json, &ack, |_| {
+                        println!(
+                            "Moving gimbal: pan(speed={pan_speed}, dir={pan_dir}), tilt(speed={tilt_speed}, dir={tilt_dir})"
+                        );
+                    });
+                }
+                PtzCommand::Stop => {
+                    ctrl.stop_pantilt_relative()?;
+                    let ack = ActionAck {
+                        ok: true,
+                        action: "ptz.stop_pantilt_relative",
+                        details: serde_json::json!({}),
+                    };
+                    print_output(cli.json, &ack, |_| {
+                        println!("Stopped relative pan/tilt movement");
+                    });
+                }
+                PtzCommand::Zoom { zoom } => {
+                    ctrl.set_zoom(zoom)?;
+                    let ack = ActionAck {
+                        ok: true,
+                        action: "ptz.set_zoom",
+                        details: serde_json::json!({ "zoom": zoom }),
+                    };
+                    print_output(cli.json, &ack, |_| {
+                        println!("Set zoom to {zoom}");
+                    });
+                }
+                PtzCommand::Roll { roll } => {
+                    ctrl.set_roll(roll)?;
+                    let ack = ActionAck {
+                        ok: true,
+                        action: "ptz.set_roll",
+                        details: serde_json::json!({ "roll": roll }),
+                    };
+                    print_output(cli.json, &ack, |_| {
+                        println!("Set roll to {roll}");
+                    });
+                }
+                PtzCommand::Bias { x, y } => {
+                    ctrl.set_composition_bias(x, y)?;
+                    let ack = ActionAck {
+                        ok: true,
+                        action: "ptz.set_composition_bias",
+                        details: serde_json::json!({ "x": x, "y": y }),
+                    };
+                    print_output(cli.json, &ack, |_| {
+                        println!("Set composition bias to x={x}, y={y}");
+                    });
+                }
+                PtzCommand::ResetBias => {
+                    ctrl.reset_composition_bias()?;
+                    let ack = ActionAck {
+                        ok: true,
+                        action: "ptz.reset_composition_bias",
+                        details: serde_json::json!({ "x": 0x7fff, "y": 0x7fff }),
+                    };
+                    print_output(cli.json, &ack, |_| {
+                        println!("Reset composition bias");
+                    });
+                }
+                PtzCommand::HostCrop {
+                    x,
+                    y,
+                    width,
+                    height,
+                } => {
+                    let info = HostPtzInfo {
+                        x,
+                        y,
+                        width,
+                        height,
+                    };
+                    ctrl.set_host_ptz(&info)?;
+                    let ack = ActionAck {
+                        ok: true,
+                        action: "ptz.set_host_ptz",
+                        details: info,
+                    };
+                    print_output(cli.json, &ack, |a| {
+                        println!(
+                            "Set host PTZ crop: x={}, y={}, width={}, height={}",
+                            a.details.x, a.details.y, a.details.width, a.details.height
+                        );
+                    });
+                }
+                PtzCommand::Reset => {
+                    ctrl.reset_gimbal()?;
+                    let ack = ActionAck {
+                        ok: true,
+                        action: "ptz.reset_gimbal",
+                        details: serde_json::json!({}),
+                    };
+                    print_output(cli.json, &ack, |_| {
+                        println!("Reset gimbal to home position");
+                    });
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        Commands::Preset(sub) => {
+            let ctrl = open_controller(cli.mock, cli.device.as_deref())?;
+            match sub {
+                PresetCommand::List => {
+                    let flags = ctrl.get_preset_flags()?;
+                    print_output(cli.json, &flags, |f| {
+                        println!(
+                            "Presets (current_slot={}, max_slots={}, mask=0b{:08b}):",
+                            f.current_slot, f.max_slots, f.slot_mask
+                        );
+                        for slot in 0..f.max_slots {
+                            let occupied = (f.slot_mask & (1 << slot)) != 0;
+                            let active = f.current_slot == slot;
+                            println!(
+                                "  Slot {}: {}{}",
+                                slot,
+                                if occupied { "saved" } else { "empty" },
+                                if active { " [current]" } else { "" }
+                            );
+                        }
+                    });
+                }
+                PresetCommand::Recall { index } => {
+                    ctrl.recall_preset_position(index)?;
+                    let ack = ActionAck {
+                        ok: true,
+                        action: "preset.recall",
+                        details: serde_json::json!({ "index": index }),
+                    };
+                    print_output(cli.json, &ack, |_| {
+                        println!("Recalled preset {index}");
+                    });
+                }
+                PresetCommand::Save { index } => {
+                    ctrl.add_preset_position(index)?;
+                    let ack = ActionAck {
+                        ok: true,
+                        action: "preset.save",
+                        details: serde_json::json!({ "index": index }),
+                    };
+                    print_output(cli.json, &ack, |_| {
+                        println!("Saved preset {index}");
+                    });
+                }
+                PresetCommand::Delete { index } => {
+                    ctrl.delete_preset_position(index)?;
+                    let ack = ActionAck {
+                        ok: true,
+                        action: "preset.delete",
+                        details: serde_json::json!({ "index": index }),
+                    };
+                    print_output(cli.json, &ack, |_| {
+                        println!("Deleted preset {index}");
+                    });
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        Commands::Mode(sub) => {
+            let ctrl = open_controller(cli.mock, cli.device.as_deref())?;
+            match sub {
+                ModeCommand::Get => {
+                    let (mode, aux) = ctrl.get_video_mode()?;
+                    let out = serde_json::json!({
+                        "mode": mode,
+                        "mode_name": mode.name(),
+                        "aux": aux,
+                    });
+                    print_output(cli.json, &out, |_| {
+                        println!(
+                            "Video Mode: {:?} ({}) [pitch={}, zoom={}, flags=0x{:02x}]",
+                            mode,
+                            mode.name(),
+                            aux.pitch,
+                            aux.zoom,
+                            aux.flags
+                        );
+                    });
+                }
+                ModeCommand::Set { mode, pitch, zoom } => {
+                    let target_mode: VideoMode = mode.into();
+                    let (_, mut aux) = ctrl
+                        .get_video_mode()
+                        .unwrap_or_else(|_| (VideoMode::Normal, VideoModeAuxData::default()));
+                    if let Some(p) = pitch {
+                        aux.pitch = p;
+                    }
+                    if let Some(z) = zoom {
+                        aux.zoom = z;
+                    }
+                    ctrl.set_video_mode(target_mode, &aux)?;
+                    let ack = ActionAck {
+                        ok: true,
+                        action: "mode.set",
+                        details: serde_json::json!({
+                            "mode": target_mode,
+                            "mode_name": target_mode.name(),
+                            "pitch": aux.pitch,
+                            "zoom": aux.zoom,
+                        }),
+                    };
+                    print_output(cli.json, &ack, |_| {
+                        println!(
+                            "Set video mode to {:?} ({}) [pitch={}, zoom={}]",
+                            target_mode,
+                            target_mode.name(),
+                            aux.pitch,
+                            aux.zoom
+                        );
+                    });
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        Commands::Tracking(sub) => {
+            let ctrl = open_controller(cli.mock, cli.device.as_deref())?;
+            match sub {
+                TrackingCommand::Speed { speed } => {
+                    let s: TrackSpeed = speed.into();
+                    ctrl.set_track_speed(s)?;
+                    let ack = ActionAck {
+                        ok: true,
+                        action: "tracking.speed",
+                        details: serde_json::json!({ "speed": s }),
+                    };
+                    print_output(cli.json, &ack, |_| {
+                        println!("Set tracking speed to {s:?}");
+                    });
+                }
+                TrackingCommand::Style { style } => {
+                    let st: CompositionStyle = style.into();
+                    ctrl.set_composition_style(st)?;
+                    let ack = ActionAck {
+                        ok: true,
+                        action: "tracking.style",
+                        details: serde_json::json!({ "style": st }),
+                    };
+                    print_output(cli.json, &ack, |_| {
+                        println!("Set tracking composition style to {st:?}");
+                    });
+                }
+                TrackingCommand::Gestures {
+                    all,
+                    ok,
+                    palm,
+                    l,
+                    v,
+                    rock,
+                } => {
+                    if let Some(en) = all {
+                        ctrl.set_all_gestures_enabled(en)?;
+                    }
+                    if let Some(en) = ok {
+                        ctrl.set_gesture_enabled(Gesture::Ok, en)?;
+                    }
+                    if let Some(en) = palm {
+                        ctrl.set_gesture_enabled(Gesture::Palm, en)?;
+                    }
+                    if let Some(en) = l {
+                        ctrl.set_gesture_enabled(Gesture::LShape, en)?;
+                    }
+                    if let Some(en) = v {
+                        ctrl.set_gesture_enabled(Gesture::VShape, en)?;
+                    }
+                    if let Some(en) = rock {
+                        ctrl.set_gesture_enabled(Gesture::Rock, en)?;
+                    }
+                    let status = ctrl.get_gesture_status()?;
+                    print_output(cli.json, &status, |st| {
+                        println!("Gesture Status:");
+                        for (g, en) in st {
+                            println!("  {:8}: {}", format!("{:?}", g), en);
+                        }
+                    });
+                }
+                TrackingCommand::Objects => {
+                    let objects = ctrl.get_track_objects()?;
+                    print_output(cli.json, &objects, |objs| {
+                        println!("Detected Trackable Objects ({}):", objs.len());
+                        for obj in objs {
+                            println!(
+                                "  id={}: x={}, y={}, width={}, height={}",
+                                obj.track_id, obj.x, obj.y, obj.width, obj.height
+                            );
+                        }
+                    });
+                }
+                TrackingCommand::Select {
+                    x,
+                    y,
+                    width,
+                    height,
+                    id,
+                } => {
+                    let rect = UvcRect {
+                        x,
+                        y,
+                        width,
+                        height,
+                        track_id: id,
+                    };
+                    ctrl.select_track_object(&rect)?;
+                    let ack = ActionAck {
+                        ok: true,
+                        action: "tracking.select",
+                        details: rect,
+                    };
+                    print_output(cli.json, &ack, |a| {
+                        println!(
+                            "Selected track object id={}: x={}, y={}, width={}, height={}",
+                            a.details.track_id,
+                            a.details.x,
+                            a.details.y,
+                            a.details.width,
+                            a.details.height
+                        );
+                    });
+                }
+                TrackingCommand::GestureBindings => {
+                    let map = ctrl.get_gesture_binding_map()?;
+                    print_output(cli.json, &map, |entries| {
+                        println!("Gesture Bindings:");
+                        for (gesture, func) in entries {
+                            println!("  {:8}: {:?}", format!("{:?}", gesture), func);
+                        }
+                    });
+                }
+                TrackingCommand::BindGesture { gesture, func } => {
+                    let g: Gesture = gesture.into();
+                    let f: GestureFunction = func.into();
+                    ctrl.set_gesture_binding_func(g, f)?;
+                    let ack = ActionAck {
+                        ok: true,
+                        action: "tracking.bind_gesture",
+                        details: serde_json::json!({
+                            "gesture": g,
+                            "func": f,
+                        }),
+                    };
+                    print_output(cli.json, &ack, |_| {
+                        println!("Bound gesture {g:?} to {f:?}");
+                    });
+                }
+                TrackingCommand::ForbiddenAreas(sub_area) => match sub_area {
+                    ForbiddenAreasCommand::List => {
+                        let areas = ctrl.get_track_forbidden_areas()?;
+                        print_output(cli.json, &areas, |list| {
+                            if list.is_empty() {
+                                println!("No tracking forbidden areas configured.");
+                                return;
+                            }
+                            println!("Tracking Forbidden Areas ({}):", list.len());
+                            for area in list {
+                                println!(
+                                    "  Area {}: enabled={}, pan=[{}, {}], tilt=[{}, {}]",
+                                    area.index,
+                                    area.enabled,
+                                    area.pan_min,
+                                    area.pan_max,
+                                    area.tilt_min,
+                                    area.tilt_max
+                                );
+                            }
+                        });
+                    }
+                    ForbiddenAreasCommand::EnterSetup => {
+                        ctrl.enter_track_forbidden_area_setting()?;
+                        let ack = ActionAck {
+                            ok: true,
+                            action: "tracking.forbidden_areas.enter_setup",
+                            details: serde_json::json!({}),
+                        };
+                        print_output(cli.json, &ack, |_| {
+                            println!("Entered tracking forbidden area setup mode");
+                        });
+                    }
+                    ForbiddenAreasCommand::ExitSetup => {
+                        ctrl.exit_track_forbidden_area_setting()?;
+                        let ack = ActionAck {
+                            ok: true,
+                            action: "tracking.forbidden_areas.exit_setup",
+                            details: serde_json::json!({}),
+                        };
+                        print_output(cli.json, &ack, |_| {
+                            println!("Exited tracking forbidden area setup mode");
+                        });
+                    }
+                    ForbiddenAreasCommand::Enable { enable } => {
+                        ctrl.set_track_forbidden_area_enabled(enable)?;
+                        let ack = ActionAck {
+                            ok: true,
+                            action: "tracking.forbidden_areas.enable",
+                            details: serde_json::json!({ "enabled": enable }),
+                        };
+                        print_output(cli.json, &ack, |_| {
+                            println!("Set tracking forbidden area enabled = {enable}");
+                        });
+                    }
+                    ForbiddenAreasCommand::Set {
+                        index,
+                        enabled,
+                        pan_min,
+                        pan_max,
+                        tilt_min,
+                        tilt_max,
+                    } => {
+                        let mut areas = ctrl.get_track_forbidden_areas().unwrap_or_default();
+                        while areas.len() < 4 {
+                            let idx = areas.len() as u8;
+                            areas.push(ForbiddenAreaInfo {
+                                enabled: false,
+                                index: idx,
+                                pan_min: 0,
+                                pan_max: 0,
+                                tilt_min: 0,
+                                tilt_max: 0,
+                            });
+                        }
+                        if let Some(target) = areas.iter_mut().find(|a| a.index == index) {
+                            target.enabled = enabled;
+                            target.pan_min = pan_min;
+                            target.pan_max = pan_max;
+                            target.tilt_min = tilt_min;
+                            target.tilt_max = tilt_max;
+                        } else if (index as usize) < areas.len() {
+                            areas[index as usize] = ForbiddenAreaInfo {
+                                enabled,
+                                index,
+                                pan_min,
+                                pan_max,
+                                tilt_min,
+                                tilt_max,
+                            };
+                        }
+                        ctrl.set_track_forbidden_areas(&areas)?;
+                        let ack = ActionAck {
+                            ok: true,
+                            action: "tracking.forbidden_areas.set",
+                            details: serde_json::json!({
+                                "index": index,
+                                "enabled": enabled,
+                                "pan_min": pan_min,
+                                "pan_max": pan_max,
+                                "tilt_min": tilt_min,
+                                "tilt_max": tilt_max,
+                            }),
+                        };
+                        print_output(cli.json, &ack, |_| {
+                            println!(
+                                "Updated forbidden area {index}: enabled={enabled}, pan=[{pan_min}, {pan_max}], tilt=[{tilt_min}, {tilt_max}]"
+                            );
+                        });
+                    }
+                },
+                TrackingCommand::ForceSmartWhiteboard { mode } => {
+                    ctrl.force_smart_whiteboard(mode)?;
+                    let ack = ActionAck {
+                        ok: true,
+                        action: "tracking.force_smart_whiteboard",
+                        details: serde_json::json!({ "mode": mode }),
+                    };
+                    print_output(cli.json, &ack, |_| {
+                        println!("Forced smart whiteboard mode to {mode}");
+                    });
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        Commands::Image(sub) => {
+            let ctrl = open_controller(cli.mock, cli.device.as_deref())?;
+            match sub {
+                ImageCommand::Get => {
+                    let report = query_image_status(&ctrl)?;
+                    print_output(cli.json, &report, |r| {
+                        println!("Brightness:     {}", r.brightness);
+                        println!("Contrast:       {}", r.contrast);
+                        println!("Saturation:     {}", r.saturation);
+                        println!("Sharpness:      {}", r.sharpness);
+                        println!("Auto WB:        {}", r.auto_wb);
+                        println!("WB Kelvin:      {}", r.wb_kelvin);
+                        println!("Auto Exposure:  {}", r.auto_exposure);
+                        println!("ISO:            {}", r.iso);
+                        println!("Shutter:        {}", r.shutter);
+                        println!("EV:             {:.2}", r.ev);
+                        println!("Filter:         {:?}", r.filter);
+                        println!("HDR:            {}", r.hdr);
+                    });
+                }
+                ImageCommand::Set {
+                    brightness,
+                    contrast,
+                    saturation,
+                    sharpness,
+                    auto_wb,
+                    wb_kelvin,
+                    auto_exposure,
+                    iso,
+                    shutter,
+                    ev,
+                    hdr,
+                    filter,
+                } => {
+                    if let Some(v) = brightness {
+                        ctrl.set_brightness(v)?;
+                    }
+                    if let Some(v) = contrast {
+                        ctrl.set_contrast(v)?;
+                    }
+                    if let Some(v) = saturation {
+                        ctrl.set_saturation(v)?;
+                    }
+                    if let Some(v) = sharpness {
+                        ctrl.set_sharpness(v)?;
+                    }
+                    if let Some(v) = auto_wb {
+                        ctrl.set_auto_white_balance(v)?;
+                    }
+                    if let Some(v) = wb_kelvin {
+                        ctrl.set_white_balance_temperature(v)?;
+                    }
+                    if let Some(v) = auto_exposure {
+                        ctrl.set_auto_exposure(v)?;
+                    }
+                    if let Some(v) = iso {
+                        ctrl.set_iso(v)?;
+                    }
+                    if let Some(v) = shutter {
+                        ctrl.set_shutter_speed(v)?;
+                    }
+                    if let Some(v) = ev {
+                        ctrl.set_exposure_compensation(v)?;
+                    }
+                    if let Some(v) = hdr {
+                        ctrl.set_hdr(v)?;
+                    }
+                    if let Some(v) = filter {
+                        ctrl.set_filter(v.into())?;
+                    }
+                    let report = query_image_status(&ctrl)?;
+                    print_output(cli.json, &report, |r| {
+                        println!(
+                            "Updated image settings: brightness={}, contrast={}, saturation={}, sharpness={}, auto_wb={}, wb={}K, auto_exp={}, iso={}, shutter={}, ev={:.2}, filter={:?}, hdr={}",
+                            r.brightness,
+                            r.contrast,
+                            r.saturation,
+                            r.sharpness,
+                            r.auto_wb,
+                            r.wb_kelvin,
+                            r.auto_exposure,
+                            r.iso,
+                            r.shutter,
+                            r.ev,
+                            r.filter,
+                            r.hdr
+                        );
+                    });
+                }
+                ImageCommand::Template(tpl) => match tpl {
+                    TemplateCommand::Info => {
+                        let info = ctrl.get_image_template_info()?;
+                        print_output(cli.json, &info, |i| {
+                            println!(
+                                "Image Templates: current_id={}, max_templates={}, bitmask=0x{:016x}",
+                                i.current_id, i.max_templates, i.bitmask
+                            );
+                        });
+                    }
+                    TemplateCommand::Apply { id } => {
+                        ctrl.set_image_template(id, ImageOperation::Apply)?;
+                        let ack = ActionAck {
+                            ok: true,
+                            action: "image.template.apply",
+                            details: serde_json::json!({ "id": id }),
+                        };
+                        print_output(cli.json, &ack, |_| {
+                            println!("Applied image template {id}");
+                        });
+                    }
+                    TemplateCommand::Save { id, name } => {
+                        ctrl.set_image_template(id, ImageOperation::SaveOrUpdate)?;
+                        if let Some(ref tpl_name) = name {
+                            ctrl.set_image_template_name(id, tpl_name)?;
+                        }
+                        let ack = ActionAck {
+                            ok: true,
+                            action: "image.template.save",
+                            details: serde_json::json!({ "id": id, "name": name }),
+                        };
+                        print_output(cli.json, &ack, |_| {
+                            println!("Saved image template {id}");
+                        });
+                    }
+                    TemplateCommand::Delete { id } => {
+                        ctrl.delete_image_template(id)?;
+                        let ack = ActionAck {
+                            ok: true,
+                            action: "image.template.delete",
+                            details: serde_json::json!({ "id": id }),
+                        };
+                        print_output(cli.json, &ack, |_| {
+                            println!("Deleted image template {id}");
+                        });
+                    }
+                },
+            }
+        }
+
+        Commands::Audio(sub) => {
+            let ctrl = open_controller(cli.mock, cli.device.as_deref())?;
+            match sub {
+                AudioCommand::Get => {
+                    let mode = ctrl.get_audio_capture_mode()?;
+                    let denoise = ctrl.get_audio_noise_reduction()?;
+                    let report = AudioStatusReport {
+                        mode,
+                        mode_name: mode.name().to_string(),
+                        denoise,
+                    };
+                    print_output(cli.json, &report, |r| {
+                        println!("Audio Capture Mode: {:?} ({})", r.mode, r.mode_name);
+                        println!("AI Noise Reduction: {}", r.denoise);
+                    });
+                }
+                AudioCommand::Mode { mode } => {
+                    let m: AudioCaptureMode = mode.into();
+                    ctrl.set_audio_capture_mode(m)?;
+                    let ack = ActionAck {
+                        ok: true,
+                        action: "audio.mode",
+                        details: serde_json::json!({ "mode": m, "mode_name": m.name() }),
+                    };
+                    print_output(cli.json, &ack, |_| {
+                        println!("Set audio capture mode to {:?} ({})", m, m.name());
+                    });
+                }
+                AudioCommand::Denoise { enable } => {
+                    ctrl.set_audio_noise_reduction(enable)?;
+                    let ack = ActionAck {
+                        ok: true,
+                        action: "audio.denoise",
+                        details: serde_json::json!({ "denoise": enable }),
+                    };
+                    print_output(cli.json, &ack, |_| {
+                        println!("Set audio noise reduction to {enable}");
+                    });
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        Commands::System(sub) => {
+            let ctrl = open_controller(cli.mock, cli.device.as_deref())?;
+            match sub {
+                SystemCommand::Feature { feature, enable } => {
+                    let func: ExtendFunction = feature.into();
+                    ctrl.set_extend_function(func, enable)?;
+                    let ack = ActionAck {
+                        ok: true,
+                        action: "system.feature",
+                        details: serde_json::json!({ "feature": func, "enabled": enable }),
+                    };
+                    print_output(cli.json, &ack, |_| {
+                        println!("Set extended feature {func:?} = {enable}");
+                    });
+                }
+                SystemCommand::Privacy { enable } => {
+                    ctrl.set_privacy_mode(enable)?;
+                    let ack = ActionAck {
+                        ok: true,
+                        action: "system.privacy",
+                        details: serde_json::json!({ "privacy": enable }),
+                    };
+                    print_output(cli.json, &ack, |_| {
+                        println!("Set privacy mode = {enable}");
+                    });
+                }
+                SystemCommand::HorizontalCorrection { enable } => {
+                    ctrl.set_horizontal_correction(enable)?;
+                    let ack = ActionAck {
+                        ok: true,
+                        action: "system.horizontal_correction",
+                        details: serde_json::json!({ "horizontal_correction": enable }),
+                    };
+                    print_output(cli.json, &ack, |_| {
+                        println!("Set horizontal correction = {enable}");
+                    });
+                }
+                SystemCommand::AntiFlicker { frequency } => {
+                    let freq: PowerLineFrequency = frequency.into();
+                    ctrl.set_power_line_frequency(freq)?;
+                    let ack = ActionAck {
+                        ok: true,
+                        action: "system.anti_flicker",
+                        details: serde_json::json!({ "frequency": freq }),
+                    };
+                    print_output(cli.json, &ack, |_| {
+                        println!("Set anti-flicker frequency = {freq:?}");
+                    });
+                }
+                SystemCommand::FactoryReset { reboot } => {
+                    ctrl.load_factory_default()?;
+                    ctrl.restore_factory_settings(reboot)?;
+                    let ack = ActionAck {
+                        ok: true,
+                        action: "system.factory_reset",
+                        details: serde_json::json!({ "reboot": reboot }),
+                    };
+                    print_output(cli.json, &ack, |_| {
+                        println!("Executed factory reset (reboot={reboot})");
+                    });
+                }
+                SystemCommand::MscReadonly => {
+                    ctrl.switch_msc_readonly_class()?;
+                    let ack = ActionAck {
+                        ok: true,
+                        action: "system.msc_readonly",
+                        details: serde_json::json!({}),
+                    };
+                    print_output(cli.json, &ack, |_| {
+                        println!("Switched camera to MSC read-only USB mode");
+                    });
+                }
+                SystemCommand::IqSwitch { bit, enable, mask } => {
+                    let current_mask = mask.unwrap_or(0);
+                    ctrl.set_iq_switch(bit, enable, current_mask)?;
+                    let ack = ActionAck {
+                        ok: true,
+                        action: "system.iq_switch",
+                        details: serde_json::json!({
+                            "bit": bit,
+                            "enable": enable,
+                            "mask": current_mask,
+                        }),
+                    };
+                    print_output(cli.json, &ack, |_| {
+                        println!("Set IQ switch bit {bit} = {enable} (mask=0x{current_mask:08x})");
+                    });
+                }
+                SystemCommand::RealZoom => {
+                    let zoom = ctrl.get_real_zoom_value()?;
+                    let out = serde_json::json!({ "real_zoom": zoom });
+                    print_output(cli.json, &out, |_| {
+                        println!("Real Zoom: {zoom}");
+                    });
+                }
+                SystemCommand::FillLight => {
+                    let (mode, level) = ctrl.get_fill_light_param()?;
+                    let out = serde_json::json!({
+                        "mode": mode,
+                        "level": level,
+                    });
+                    print_output(cli.json, &out, |_| {
+                        println!("Fill Light: mode={mode}, level={level}");
+                    });
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn main() -> ExitCode {
+    tracing_subscriber::fmt()
+        .with_env_filter(
+            tracing_subscriber::EnvFilter::try_from_default_env()
+                .unwrap_or_else(|_| tracing_subscriber::EnvFilter::new("warn")),
+        )
+        .with_writer(std::io::stderr)
+        .init();
+
+    let cli = Cli::parse();
+    let json = cli.json;
+    if let Err(err) = run(cli) {
+        if json {
+            let err_obj = serde_json::json!({
+                "ok": false,
+                "error": err.to_string(),
+            });
+            println!(
+                "{}",
+                serde_json::to_string_pretty(&err_obj).unwrap_or_default()
+            );
+        } else {
+            eprintln!("Error: {err}");
+        }
+        return ExitCode::FAILURE;
+    }
+
+    ExitCode::SUCCESS
+}
diff --git a/crates/insta360-link-gui/Cargo.toml b/crates/insta360-link-gui/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a080632
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/insta360-link-gui/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+[package]
+name = "insta360-link-gui"
+version.workspace = true
+edition.workspace = true
+license.workspace = true
+description = "Cross-platform pure-Rust desktop GUI controller for Insta360 Link, Link 2, and Link 2C"
+
+[[bin]]
+name = "insta360-link-gui"
+path = "src/main.rs"
+
+[dependencies]
+insta360-link-protocol = { path = "../insta360-link-protocol" }
+eframe.workspace = true
+egui.workspace = true
+image = { version = "0.25", default-features = false, features = ["png"] }
+serde.workspace = true
+serde_json.workspace = true
+tracing.workspace = true
+tracing-subscriber.workspace = true
diff --git a/crates/insta360-link-gui/src/main.rs b/crates/insta360-link-gui/src/main.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5f1cd1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/insta360-link-gui/src/main.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,2423 @@
+mod right_panel;
+mod state;
+mod theme;
+mod transport;
+mod video_engine;
+
+use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
+
+use eframe::egui::{self, Align2, Color32, FontId, Margin, Pos2, Rect, RichText, Rounding, Stroke, Vec2};
+use insta360_link_protocol::{
+    list_connected_cameras, CameraModel, DiscoveredCamera, Insta360CameraController,
+    MockCameraTransport, NusbTransport, PowerLineFrequency, VideoMode, VideoModeAuxData,
+};
+
+use crate::right_panel::render_right_settings_panel;
+use crate::state::{
+    CameraAppState, PreferenceTab, ToolbarPopup, UiMode, VideoFormatPreset,
+};
+use crate::theme::{apply_ins_theme, ins_bottom_mode_button, InsTheme};
+use crate::transport::{DeviceSelection, GuiTransport};
+use crate::video_engine::VideoPreviewEngine;
+
+/// Top-level application struct for Insta360 Link Controller.
+pub struct Insta360App {
+    state: CameraAppState,
+    controller: Insta360CameraController<GuiTransport>,
+    video_engine: VideoPreviewEngine,
+    connected_cameras: Vec<DiscoveredCamera>,
+    selected_device: DeviceSelection,
+    self_test_enabled: bool,
+    self_test_start: Option<Instant>,
+    self_test_step: u8,
+}
+
+impl Insta360App {
+    pub fn new(_cc: &eframe::CreationContext<'_>) -> Self {
+        // Enumerate physical USB cameras and OS video capture devices on startup
+        let connected_cameras = list_connected_cameras().unwrap_or_default();
+        let mut video_engine = VideoPreviewEngine::new();
+        video_engine.refresh_capture_devices();
+
+        // Connect to physical USB camera if detected, otherwise default to simulator
+        let (controller, selected_device) = if let Some(first_cam) = connected_cameras.first() {
+            match NusbTransport::open_by_info(first_cam.clone()) {
+                Ok(usb) => (
+                    Insta360CameraController::new(GuiTransport::Usb(usb)),
+                    DeviceSelection::Usb(first_cam.clone()),
+                ),
+                Err(_) => (
+                    Insta360CameraController::new(GuiTransport::Mock(MockCameraTransport::new(
+                        CameraModel::Link2,
+                    ))),
+                    DeviceSelection::Simulate(CameraModel::Link2),
+                ),
+            }
+        } else {
+            (
+                Insta360CameraController::new(GuiTransport::Mock(MockCameraTransport::new(
+                    CameraModel::Link2,
+                ))),
+                DeviceSelection::Simulate(CameraModel::Link2),
+            )
+        };
+
+        let state = CameraAppState::default();
+        let self_test_enabled = std::env::var("INSTA360_GUI_SELF_TEST")
+            .map(|v| v == "1" || v.eq_ignore_ascii_case("true"))
+            .unwrap_or(false);
+        let mut app = Self {
+            state,
+            controller,
+            video_engine,
+            connected_cameras,
+            selected_device,
+            self_test_enabled,
+            self_test_start: None,
+            self_test_step: 0,
+        };
+        app.sync_device_info();
+        if matches!(app.selected_device, DeviceSelection::Usb(_)) {
+            app.auto_select_insta360_video_feed();
+        }
+        app
+    }
+
+    fn auto_select_insta360_video_feed(&mut self) {
+        let (w, h) = self.state.format_preset.dimensions();
+        let fps = self.state.format_preset.fps();
+        self.video_engine
+            .set_capture_format(w as usize, h as usize, fps);
+
+        let candidate = self
+            .video_engine
+            .available_capture_devices()
+            .iter()
+            .find(|d| {
+                let low = d.to_lowercase();
+                low.contains("insta360") && !low.contains("virtual")
+            })
+            .or_else(|| {
+                self.video_engine
+                    .available_capture_devices()
+                    .iter()
+                    .find(|d| d.to_lowercase().contains("insta360"))
+            })
+            .cloned();
+        if let Some(dev_name) = candidate {
+            self.video_engine.start_physical_capture(&dev_name);
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn switch_camera(&mut self, selection: DeviceSelection) {
+        match selection.clone() {
+            DeviceSelection::Usb(cam) => match NusbTransport::open_by_info(cam.clone()) {
+                Ok(transport) => {
+                    self.controller =
+                        Insta360CameraController::new(GuiTransport::Usb(transport));
+                    self.selected_device = selection;
+                    self.sync_device_info();
+                    self.auto_select_insta360_video_feed();
+                    self.state
+                        .show_toast(format!("Connected to USB device: {}", cam.name), false);
+                }
+                Err(e) => {
+                    self.state
+                        .show_toast(format!("Failed to open camera: {}", e), true);
+                }
+            },
+            DeviceSelection::Simulate(model) => {
+                let mock = MockCameraTransport::new(model);
+                self.controller = Insta360CameraController::new(GuiTransport::Mock(mock));
+                self.selected_device = selection;
+                self.video_engine.stop_physical_capture();
+                self.sync_device_info();
+                self.state
+                    .show_toast(format!("Switched to Simulator ({})", model.display_name()), false);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn sync_device_info(&mut self) {
+        if let Ok(info) = self.controller.get_device_info() {
+            self.state.device_info = info;
+        }
+        if let Ok(ptz) = self.controller.get_ptz_version_and_angles() {
+            self.state.pan_deg = (ptz.pan as f32 / 10.0_f32).clamp(-130.0_f32, 130.0_f32);
+            self.state.tilt_deg = (ptz.tilt as f32 / 10.0_f32).clamp(-90.0_f32, 90.0_f32);
+            self.state.zoom_x = (ptz.zoom as f32 / 100.0_f32).clamp(1.0_f32, 4.0_f32);
+            self.state.ptz_info = ptz;
+        }
+        if let Ok(status) = self.controller.get_device_status() {
+            self.state.device_status = status;
+        }
+        if let Ok((mode, _)) = self.controller.get_video_mode() {
+            self.state.video_mode = mode;
+        }
+        if let Ok(b) = self.controller.get_brightness() {
+            self.state.brightness = b.clamp(0, 100);
+        }
+        if let Ok(c) = self.controller.get_contrast() {
+            self.state.contrast = c.clamp(0, 100);
+        }
+        if let Ok(s) = self.controller.get_saturation() {
+            self.state.saturation = s.clamp(0, 100);
+        }
+        if let Ok(sh) = self.controller.get_sharpness() {
+            self.state.sharpness = sh.clamp(0, 100);
+        }
+        if let Ok(wb_auto) = self.controller.get_auto_white_balance() {
+            self.state.auto_white_balance = wb_auto;
+        }
+        if let Ok(wb) = self.controller.get_white_balance_temperature() {
+            self.state.wb_kelvin = wb.clamp(2000, 10000);
+        }
+        if let Ok(ext) = self.controller.get_extend_function_status() {
+            for (func, en) in ext {
+                match func {
+                    insta360_link_protocol::ExtendFunction::AiZoom => {
+                        self.state.ai_zoom_enabled = en
+                    }
+                    insta360_link_protocol::ExtendFunction::AllGestures => {
+                        self.state.enable_all_gestures = en
+                    }
+                    insta360_link_protocol::ExtendFunction::AutoTracking => {
+                        self.state.enable_auto_tracking = en
+                    }
+                    insta360_link_protocol::ExtendFunction::SingleTapTracking => {
+                        self.state.enable_single_tap_tracking = en
+                    }
+                    insta360_link_protocol::ExtendFunction::Hdr => self.state.hdr_enabled = en,
+                    insta360_link_protocol::ExtendFunction::HorizontalMirror => {
+                        self.state.horizontal_mirror = en
+                    }
+                    insta360_link_protocol::ExtendFunction::VerticalMirror => {
+                        self.state.vertical_mirror = en
+                    }
+                    insta360_link_protocol::ExtendFunction::VerticalMode => {
+                        self.state.vertical_resolution_mode = en
+                    }
+                    insta360_link_protocol::ExtendFunction::ForcedVertical => {
+                        self.state.forced_vertical_lock = en
+                    }
+                    insta360_link_protocol::ExtendFunction::LowResolution => {
+                        self.state.low_resolution_mode = en
+                    }
+                    insta360_link_protocol::ExtendFunction::SmartAdjustment => {
+                        self.state.smart_adjustment = en
+                    }
+                    insta360_link_protocol::ExtendFunction::StartupParams => {
+                        self.state.startup_params_enabled = en
+                    }
+                    insta360_link_protocol::ExtendFunction::UltimatePrivacyMode => {
+                        self.state.ultimate_privacy = en
+                    }
+                    _ => {}
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        if let Ok(style) = self.controller.get_composition_style() {
+            self.state.composition_style = style;
+        }
+        if let Ok(speed) = self.controller.get_track_speed() {
+            self.state.track_speed = speed;
+        }
+        if let Ok(gestures) = self.controller.get_gesture_status() {
+            for (g, en) in gestures {
+                match g {
+                    insta360_link_protocol::Gesture::Ok => self.state.use_gesture_ok = en,
+                    insta360_link_protocol::Gesture::Palm => self.state.use_gesture_palm = en,
+                    insta360_link_protocol::Gesture::LShape => self.state.use_gesture_l = en,
+                    insta360_link_protocol::Gesture::VShape => self.state.use_gesture_v = en,
+                    insta360_link_protocol::Gesture::Rock => self.state.use_gesture_rock = en,
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        if let Ok(ae) = self.controller.get_auto_exposure() {
+            self.state.auto_exposure = ae;
+        }
+        if let Ok(af) = self.controller.get_auto_focus() {
+            self.state.auto_focus = af;
+        }
+        if let Ok(denoise) = self.controller.get_audio_noise_reduction() {
+            self.state.audio_denoise = denoise;
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn set_video_mode(&mut self, target_mode: VideoMode) {
+        let prev_mode = self.state.video_mode;
+        let mode_to_set = if self.state.video_mode == target_mode {
+            VideoMode::Normal
+        } else {
+            target_mode
+        };
+
+        if mode_to_set == VideoMode::AutoTracking {
+            // `Webcam::CameraInsta::autoTrackClicked` (`0x10006c400`) ->
+            // `onHandleVideoModeChangeEvent` (`0x10005a4cc`) -> `readyAutoTrack` (`0x10006c8c8`):
+            // 1. Ensure the camera is in `VideoMode::Normal` (`0`) so the firmware's person
+            //    detector (`GetTrackObjLists`, `XU1 0x14`) runs on the live video stream.
+            // 2. Do NOT send `SetTrackObj(0.5, 0.5)` or `SetVideoMode(AutoTracking)` before
+            //    `GetTrackObjLists` detects a person — doing so aborts firmware person detection!
+            // 3. Start the 200ms `ready_auto_track` polling loop (`SetCheckTrack(true)`).
+            if prev_mode != VideoMode::Normal {
+                let _ = self
+                    .controller
+                    .set_video_mode_raw(VideoMode::Normal, &VideoModeAuxData::default());
+            }
+            self.state.video_mode = VideoMode::AutoTracking;
+            self.state.ready_auto_track = true;
+            self.state.last_track_poll = None;
+            self.state.show_toast(
+                "AI Tracking ready — looking for person (or click on video to lock target)",
+                false,
+            );
+            return;
+        }
+
+        self.state.ready_auto_track = false;
+        if mode_to_set == VideoMode::Normal {
+            self.state.tracked_targets.clear();
+        }
+        self.state.video_mode = mode_to_set;
+
+        let mut aux = VideoModeAuxData::default();
+        if mode_to_set == VideoMode::DeskView {
+            aux.pitch = self.state.deskview_pitch;
+        }
+        let _ = self.controller.set_video_mode_raw(mode_to_set, &aux);
+        self.state.last_hw_sync = Some(Instant::now() + Duration::from_millis(700));
+        if (prev_mode == VideoMode::DeskView || prev_mode == VideoMode::OverheadShot)
+            && mode_to_set == VideoMode::Normal
+        {
+            let _ = self.controller.set_zoom((self.state.zoom_x * 100.0_f32) as u16);
+            self.state.pending_ptz_restore = Some((
+                Instant::now() + Duration::from_millis(800),
+                (self.state.pan_deg * 3600.0_f32) as i32,
+                (self.state.tilt_deg * 3600.0_f32) as i32,
+            ));
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ========================================================================
+    // Top Bar (TopBarWin.qml - 44px height, theme.bg01)
+    // ========================================================================
+    fn render_top_bar(&mut self, ctx: &egui::Context, theme: &InsTheme) {
+        egui::TopBottomPanel::top("ins_top_bar")
+            .exact_height(44.0_f32)
+            .frame(
+                egui::Frame::none()
+                    .fill(theme.bg01)
+                    .inner_margin(Margin::symmetric(14.0_f32, 6.0_f32)),
+            )
+            .show(ctx, |ui| {
+                ui.horizontal_centered(|ui| {
+                    // Left: Green Insta360 camera icon + "Insta360 Link Controller" title
+                    ui.label(
+                        RichText::new("📷")
+                            .color(theme.brand_green)
+                            .size(17.0_f32),
+                    );
+                    ui.label(
+                        RichText::new("Insta360 Link Controller")
+                            .strong()
+                            .size(14.5_f32)
+                            .color(theme.text01),
+                    );
+
+                    ui.add_space(24.0_f32);
+
+                    // Center: Camera Controller Selector
+                    let current_dev_label = self.selected_device.label();
+                    egui::ComboBox::from_id_salt("top_camera_selector")
+                        .selected_text(&current_dev_label)
+                        .show_ui(ui, |ui| {
+                            for cam in self.connected_cameras.clone() {
+                                let dev = DeviceSelection::Usb(cam);
+                                let label = dev.label();
+                                if ui.selectable_label(self.selected_device == dev, label).clicked() {
+                                    self.switch_camera(dev);
+                                }
+                            }
+                            if !self.connected_cameras.is_empty() {
+                                ui.separator();
+                            }
+                            for model in [
+                                CameraModel::Link2,
+                                CameraModel::Link2C,
+                                CameraModel::Link,
+                            ] {
+                                let dev = DeviceSelection::Simulate(model);
+                                let label = dev.label();
+                                if ui.selectable_label(self.selected_device == dev, label).clicked() {
+                                    self.switch_camera(dev);
+                                }
+                            }
+                        });
+
+                    let refresh_btn = ui.button("↻");
+                    if refresh_btn.on_hover_text("Refresh USB camera devices").clicked() {
+                        self.connected_cameras = list_connected_cameras().unwrap_or_default();
+                        self.video_engine.refresh_capture_devices();
+                        self.state.show_toast("Refreshed USB devices", false);
+                    }
+
+                    ui.add_space(10.0_f32);
+
+                    // Video Feed Source Selector
+                    let active_feed_label = if self.video_engine.is_using_physical_capture() {
+                        self.video_engine
+                            .active_capture_device()
+                            .map(|s| s.to_string())
+                            .unwrap_or_else(|| "Physical Webcam".to_string())
+                    } else {
+                        "Studio Camera Feed (Live)".to_string()
+                    };
+
+                    egui::ComboBox::from_id_salt("top_video_feed_selector")
+                        .selected_text(&active_feed_label)
+                        .show_ui(ui, |ui| {
+                            if ui
+                                .selectable_label(
+                                    !self.video_engine.is_using_physical_capture(),
+                                    "Studio Camera Feed (Live)",
+                                )
+                                .clicked()
+                            {
+                                self.video_engine.stop_physical_capture();
+                            }
+                            let devs = self.video_engine.available_capture_devices().to_vec();
+                            for dev_name in devs {
+                                let is_active = self.video_engine.is_using_physical_capture()
+                                    && self
+                                        .video_engine
+                                        .active_capture_device()
+                                        .map(|d| d == dev_name.as_str())
+                                        .unwrap_or(false);
+                                if ui.selectable_label(is_active, dev_name.as_str()).clicked() {
+                                    self.video_engine.start_physical_capture(&dev_name);
+                                }
+                            }
+                        });
+
+                    // Right group
+                    ui.with_layout(egui::Layout::right_to_left(egui::Align::Center), |ui| {
+                        // Preferences ("⋯") button
+                        let pref_btn = ui.button(RichText::new("⋯").size(16.0_f32));
+                        if pref_btn.on_hover_text("Preferences").clicked() {
+                            self.state.show_preferences = true;
+                        }
+
+                        // Toolbar Mode icon button ("🗗 Toolbar")
+                        let tb_btn = ui.button("🗗 Toolbar");
+                        if tb_btn.on_hover_text("Compact Floating Toolbar Mode").clicked() {
+                            self.state.ui_mode = UiMode::Toolbar;
+                            self.state.toolbar_popup = ToolbarPopup::None;
+                            ctx.send_viewport_cmd(egui::ViewportCommand::InnerSize(egui::vec2(
+                                780.0_f32, 74.0_f32,
+                            )));
+                        }
+
+                        // Remote Control icon button ("📱 Remote")
+                        let rem_btn = ui.button("📱 Remote");
+                        if rem_btn.on_hover_text("Mobile Web Remote Control").clicked() {
+                            self.state.show_qr_dialog = true;
+                        }
+
+                        // Virtual Camera icon button ("🎥 Virtual Cam")
+                        let vcam_color = if self.state.virtual_camera_enabled {
+                            theme.brand_green
+                        } else {
+                            theme.text02
+                        };
+                        let vcam_btn =
+                            ui.button(RichText::new("🎥 Virtual Cam").color(vcam_color));
+                        if vcam_btn.on_hover_text("Virtual Camera Settings").clicked() {
+                            self.state.show_virtual_cam_pop = true;
+                        }
+                    });
+                });
+            });
+    }
+
+    // ========================================================================
+    // Bottom Control Bar (BottomControl.qml - 66px height, theme.bg02)
+    // ========================================================================
+    fn render_bottom_control_bar(&mut self, ui: &mut egui::Ui, theme: &InsTheme) {
+        ui.horizontal(|ui| {
+            ui.set_height(66.0_f32);
+            ui.add_space(8.0_f32);
+
+            // Left group: Preview On/Off button (40x40) + Divider + Format Selector
+            let preview_icon = if self.state.preview_open { "👁" } else { "🚫" };
+            let preview_tooltip = if self.state.preview_open {
+                "Close Preview"
+            } else {
+                "Open Preview"
+            };
+            let preview_btn = ui.add_sized(
+                [40.0_f32, 40.0_f32],
+                egui::Button::new(RichText::new(preview_icon).size(15.0_f32)),
+            );
+            if preview_btn.on_hover_text(preview_tooltip).clicked() {
+                self.state.preview_open = !self.state.preview_open;
+            }
+
+            ui.add_space(4.0_f32);
+            let (div_rect, _) = ui.allocate_exact_size(egui::vec2(1.0_f32, 16.0_f32), egui::Sense::hover());
+            ui.painter().rect_filled(div_rect, Rounding::ZERO, theme.border01);
+            ui.add_space(4.0_f32);
+
+            // Resolution / Format preset combo
+            let prev_preset = self.state.format_preset;
+            egui::ComboBox::from_id_salt("bottom_format_combo")
+                .selected_text(self.state.format_preset.label())
+                .show_ui(ui, |ui| {
+                    for preset in VideoFormatPreset::ALL {
+                        if ui
+                            .selectable_value(
+                                &mut self.state.format_preset,
+                                preset,
+                                preset.label(),
+                            )
+                            .clicked()
+                        {
+                            let (w, h) = preset.dimensions();
+                            let fps = preset.fps();
+                            self.state.vertical_resolution_mode = preset.is_vertical();
+                            self.state.low_resolution_mode = w == 640;
+                            self.video_engine.set_capture_format(w as usize, h as usize, fps);
+                            self.state
+                                .show_toast(format!("Resolution set to {}", preset.label()), false);
+                        }
+                    }
+                });
+            if self.state.format_preset != prev_preset {
+                let (w, h) = self.state.format_preset.dimensions();
+                let fps = self.state.format_preset.fps();
+                self.video_engine.set_capture_format(w as usize, h as usize, fps);
+            }
+
+            ui.add_space(16.0_f32);
+
+            // Center group: ins_bottom_mode_button items
+            let caps = self.controller.capabilities();
+            let model = self.controller.model();
+
+            if caps.support_ptz_drag {
+                // Link 2 / Link: AI Tracking
+                let is_tracking_active = self.state.video_mode == VideoMode::AutoTracking
+                    || self.state.video_mode == VideoMode::AutoFraming;
+                if ins_bottom_mode_button(ui, "🎯", "AI Tracking", is_tracking_active, true, theme).clicked() {
+                    let next = if is_tracking_active {
+                        VideoMode::Normal
+                    } else if self.state.default_track_mode == 0 {
+                        VideoMode::AutoTracking
+                    } else {
+                        VideoMode::AutoFraming
+                    };
+                    self.set_video_mode(next);
+                }
+
+                // Small ▴ toggle for Single Tracking (0) vs Group Tracking (1) on Link 2
+                if model == CameraModel::Link2 {
+                    let arrow_label = if self.state.default_track_mode == 0 { "Single" } else { "Group" };
+                    let arrow_btn = ui.button(RichText::new("▴").size(10.0_f32));
+                    if arrow_btn
+                        .on_hover_text(format!("Track mode: {} (Click to toggle Single/Group)", arrow_label))
+                        .clicked()
+                    {
+                        self.state.default_track_mode = if self.state.default_track_mode == 0 { 1 } else { 0 };
+                        let _ = self.controller.set_default_track_mode(self.state.default_track_mode);
+                        if is_tracking_active {
+                            let target = if self.state.default_track_mode == 0 {
+                                VideoMode::AutoTracking
+                            } else {
+                                VideoMode::AutoFraming
+                            };
+                            self.set_video_mode(target);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            } else {
+                // Link 2C: Auto Framing
+                let is_framing_active = self.state.video_mode == VideoMode::AutoFraming;
+                if ins_bottom_mode_button(ui, "👥", "Auto Framing", is_framing_active, true, theme).clicked() {
+                    self.set_video_mode(VideoMode::AutoFraming);
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Whiteboard
+            let is_wb_active = self.state.video_mode == VideoMode::WhiteBoard;
+            if ins_bottom_mode_button(ui, "📋", "Whiteboard", is_wb_active, true, theme).clicked() {
+                self.set_video_mode(VideoMode::WhiteBoard);
+            }
+
+            // Overhead (Link 1 only)
+            if model == CameraModel::Link {
+                let is_overhead_active = self.state.video_mode == VideoMode::OverheadShot;
+                if ins_bottom_mode_button(ui, "⬇", "Overhead", is_overhead_active, true, theme).clicked() {
+                    self.set_video_mode(VideoMode::OverheadShot);
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Smart Whiteboard
+            let is_swb_active = self.state.video_mode == VideoMode::SmartWhiteBoard;
+            if ins_bottom_mode_button(ui, "🖽", "Smart Whiteboard", is_swb_active, true, theme).clicked() {
+                self.set_video_mode(VideoMode::SmartWhiteBoard);
+            }
+
+            // DeskView + pitch adjustment popover button
+            let is_desk_active = self.state.video_mode == VideoMode::DeskView;
+            if ins_bottom_mode_button(ui, "📐", "DeskView", is_desk_active, true, theme).clicked() {
+                self.set_video_mode(VideoMode::DeskView);
+            }
+            if is_desk_active {
+                let pitch_btn = ui.button(RichText::new("▴").size(10.0_f32));
+                if pitch_btn
+                    .on_hover_text("DeskView Vertical Correction pitch adjustment")
+                    .clicked()
+                {
+                    self.state.show_deskview_pitch_pop = !self.state.show_deskview_pitch_pop;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Right group: Screenshot + Divider + Record
+            ui.with_layout(egui::Layout::right_to_left(egui::Align::Center), |ui| {
+                ui.add_space(8.0_f32);
+
+                // Record button
+                if self.state.is_recording {
+                    let elapsed = self
+                        .state
+                        .recording_started
+                        .map(|t| t.elapsed().as_secs())
+                        .unwrap_or(0);
+                    let time_str = format!("{:02}:{:02}", elapsed / 60, elapsed % 60);
+                    let rec_btn = ui.button(
+                        RichText::new(format!("⏹ {}", time_str))
+                            .color(theme.error)
+                            .strong(),
+                    );
+                    if rec_btn.on_hover_text("Stop Recording").clicked() {
+                        self.state.is_recording = false;
+                        self.state.recording_started = None;
+                        match self.video_engine.stop_recording() {
+                            Ok(path) => {
+                                let (w, h) = self.video_engine.capture_dimensions();
+                                self.state.show_toast(
+                                    format!("Saved {w}x{h} video to: {}", path.display()),
+                                    false,
+                                );
+                            }
+                            Err(e) => {
+                                self.state
+                                    .show_toast(format!("Stop recording error: {e}"), true);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    let rec_btn = ui.add_sized(
+                        [40.0_f32, 40.0_f32],
+                        egui::Button::new(RichText::new("⏺").size(16.0_f32)),
+                    );
+                    if rec_btn.on_hover_text("Record Video").clicked() {
+                        let (w, h) = self.state.format_preset.dimensions();
+                        let fps = self.state.format_preset.fps();
+                        self.video_engine.set_capture_format(w as usize, h as usize, fps);
+                        match self.video_engine.start_recording(&self.state.recording_dir) {
+                            Ok(path) => {
+                                self.state.is_recording = true;
+                                self.state.recording_started = Some(Instant::now());
+                                self.state.show_toast(
+                                    format!("Recording {w}x{h} video: {}", path.display()),
+                                    false,
+                                );
+                            }
+                            Err(e) => {
+                                self.state
+                                    .show_toast(format!("Failed to start recording: {e}"), true);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                ui.add_space(4.0_f32);
+                let (div_r, _) = ui.allocate_exact_size(egui::vec2(1.0_f32, 16.0_f32), egui::Sense::hover());
+                ui.painter().rect_filled(div_r, Rounding::ZERO, theme.border01);
+                ui.add_space(4.0_f32);
+
+                // Screenshot button
+                let snap_btn = ui.add_sized(
+                    [40.0_f32, 40.0_f32],
+                    egui::Button::new(RichText::new("📷").size(15.0_f32)),
+                );
+                if snap_btn.on_hover_text("Take Screenshot").clicked() {
+                    let (w, h) = self.state.format_preset.dimensions();
+                    let fps = self.state.format_preset.fps();
+                    self.video_engine.set_capture_format(w as usize, h as usize, fps);
+                    match self
+                        .video_engine
+                        .save_screenshot(&self.state.screenshot_dir, &self.state)
+                    {
+                        Ok(path) => {
+                            let (cw, ch) = self.video_engine.capture_dimensions();
+                            self.state.show_toast(
+                                format!("Saved {cw}x{ch} screenshot to: {}", path.display()),
+                                false,
+                            );
+                        }
+                        Err(e) => {
+                            self.state
+                                .show_toast(format!("Screenshot failed: {}", e), true);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            });
+        });
+    }
+
+    // ========================================================================
+    // Video Preview Area (Previewer.qml / DefCamera.qml)
+    // ========================================================================
+    fn render_preview_area(&mut self, ui: &mut egui::Ui, ctx: &egui::Context, theme: &InsTheme) {
+        let avail_size = ui.available_size();
+
+        if !self.state.preview_open {
+            // Preview closed dark overlay
+            let (rect, _) = ui.allocate_exact_size(avail_size, egui::Sense::hover());
+            ui.painter().rect_filled(rect, Rounding::same(6.0_f32), Color32::from_rgb(12, 16, 22));
+
+            ui.allocate_new_ui(egui::UiBuilder::new().max_rect(rect), |ui| {
+                ui.vertical_centered(|ui| {
+                    ui.add_space((rect.height() * 0.32_f32).max(10.0_f32));
+                    ui.label(
+                        RichText::new("Preview closed")
+                            .size(21.0_f32)
+                            .strong()
+                            .color(theme.text01),
+                    );
+                    ui.add_space(8.0_f32);
+                    ui.label(
+                        RichText::new(
+                            "If you need to use the device in a third-party software, please close the preview first.",
+                        )
+                        .size(13.0_f32)
+                        .color(theme.text02),
+                    );
+                    ui.add_space(16.0_f32);
+                    let open_btn = ui.button(
+                        RichText::new("Open Preview")
+                            .color(Color32::BLACK)
+                            .strong(),
+                    );
+                    if open_btn.clicked() {
+                        self.state.preview_open = true;
+                    }
+                });
+            });
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Live video feed rendering with aspect ratio preservation
+        let target_aspect = if self.state.vertical_resolution_mode {
+            9.0_f32 / 16.0_f32
+        } else {
+            16.0_f32 / 9.0_f32
+        };
+
+        let (video_w, video_h) = if avail_size.x / avail_size.y > target_aspect {
+            (avail_size.y * target_aspect, avail_size.y)
+        } else {
+            (avail_size.x, avail_size.x / target_aspect)
+        };
+
+        let pad_x = (avail_size.x - video_w) * 0.5_f32;
+        let pad_y = (avail_size.y - video_h) * 0.5_f32;
+
+        let (full_rect, _) = ui.allocate_exact_size(avail_size, egui::Sense::hover());
+        let video_rect = Rect::from_min_size(
+            Pos2::new(full_rect.min.x + pad_x, full_rect.min.y + pad_y),
+            Vec2::new(video_w, video_h),
+        );
+
+        let tex = self.video_engine.render_frame(ctx, &mut self.state);
+
+        // Paint background and video frame
+        ui.painter().rect_filled(full_rect, Rounding::same(6.0_f32), Color32::from_rgb(10, 14, 20));
+        ui.painter().image(
+            tex.id(),
+            video_rect,
+            Rect::from_min_max(Pos2::new(0.0_f32, 0.0_f32), Pos2::new(1.0_f32, 1.0_f32)),
+            Color32::WHITE,
+        );
+
+        // Mouse interaction response on video rect
+        let video_response = ui.interact(video_rect, ui.id().with("video_canvas"), egui::Sense::click_and_drag());
+
+        // Interactive mouse wheel zoom (WheelHandler)
+        if video_response.hovered() {
+            let scroll_delta = ui.input(|i| i.raw_scroll_delta.y);
+            if scroll_delta.abs() > 0.1_f32 {
+                let zoom_change = if scroll_delta > 0.0_f32 { 0.1_f32 } else { -0.1_f32 };
+                self.state.zoom_x = (self.state.zoom_x + zoom_change).clamp(1.0_f32, 4.0_f32);
+                let _ = self.controller.set_zoom((self.state.zoom_x * 100.0_f32) as u16);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Interactive click-and-drag pan/tilt (`DefCamera.qml` `dragMovePanTilt` + `dragDropTransition`)
+        if video_response.dragged() && self.controller.capabilities().support_ptz_drag {
+            let drag_delta = video_response.drag_delta();
+            if drag_delta.length_sq() > 0.25_f32 {
+                self.state.pan_deg =
+                    (self.state.pan_deg - drag_delta.x * 0.15_f32).clamp(-130.0_f32, 130.0_f32);
+                self.state.tilt_deg =
+                    (self.state.tilt_deg + drag_delta.y * 0.15_f32).clamp(-90.0_f32, 90.0_f32);
+                let pan_spd = ((drag_delta.x.abs() * 0.35_f32).round() as u8).clamp(1, 6);
+                let tilt_spd = ((drag_delta.y.abs() * 0.35_f32).round() as u8).clamp(1, 6);
+                let pan_dir = if drag_delta.x.abs() > 0.5_f32 {
+                    if drag_delta.x > 0.0_f32 { -1i8 } else { 1i8 }
+                } else {
+                    0i8
+                };
+                let tilt_dir = if drag_delta.y.abs() > 0.5_f32 {
+                    if drag_delta.y > 0.0_f32 { -1i8 } else { 1i8 }
+                } else {
+                    0i8
+                };
+                let can_send = self
+                    .state
+                    .last_ptz_send_time
+                    .map(|t| t.elapsed().as_millis() >= 60)
+                    .unwrap_or(true);
+                if can_send {
+                    let _ = self.controller.set_pantilt_relative_ext(
+                        if pan_dir == 0 { 0 } else { pan_spd },
+                        pan_dir,
+                        if tilt_dir == 0 { 0 } else { tilt_spd },
+                        tilt_dir,
+                    );
+                    self.state.last_ptz_cmd = (pan_spd, pan_dir, tilt_spd, tilt_dir);
+                    self.state.last_ptz_send_time = Some(Instant::now());
+                }
+            }
+        } else if video_response.drag_stopped() && self.controller.capabilities().support_ptz_drag {
+            let _ = self.controller.stop_pantilt_relative();
+            self.state.last_ptz_cmd = (0, 0, 0, 0);
+        }
+
+        // AI Tracking bounding boxes (`personRect`, normalized 0..10000 in hardware `UvcRect`)
+        if self.state.video_mode == VideoMode::AutoTracking
+            || self.state.video_mode == VideoMode::AutoFraming
+        {
+            let mut newly_selected = None;
+            for target in &self.state.tracked_targets {
+                let norm_x = (target.x as f32 / 10000.0_f32).clamp(0.0_f32, 1.0_f32);
+                let norm_y = (target.y as f32 / 10000.0_f32).clamp(0.0_f32, 1.0_f32);
+                let norm_w = (target.width as f32 / 10000.0_f32).clamp(0.02_f32, 1.0_f32);
+                let norm_h = (target.height as f32 / 10000.0_f32).clamp(0.02_f32, 1.0_f32);
+
+                let box_rect = Rect::from_min_size(
+                    Pos2::new(
+                        video_rect.min.x + norm_x * video_rect.width(),
+                        video_rect.min.y + norm_y * video_rect.height(),
+                    ),
+                    Vec2::new(norm_w * video_rect.width(), norm_h * video_rect.height()),
+                );
+
+                let is_selected = target.track_id == self.state.selected_target_id;
+                let stroke_color = if is_selected {
+                    theme.brand_green
+                } else {
+                    theme.text03
+                };
+
+                ui.painter().rect_stroke(
+                    box_rect,
+                    Rounding::same(4.0_f32),
+                    Stroke::new(2.0_f32, stroke_color),
+                );
+
+                if video_response.clicked() {
+                    if let Some(pos) = video_response.interact_pointer_pos() {
+                        if box_rect.contains(pos) {
+                            newly_selected = Some(*target);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if let Some(selected_target) = newly_selected {
+                let _ = self.controller.select_track_object(&selected_target);
+                self.state.selected_target_id = selected_target.track_id;
+                self.state.ready_auto_track = false;
+                self.state.tracked_targets.clear();
+                let _ = self
+                    .controller
+                    .set_video_mode_raw(VideoMode::AutoTracking, &VideoModeAuxData::default());
+                self.state.show_toast("AI Tracking locked onto selected target", false);
+            } else if video_response.clicked() && self.state.ready_auto_track {
+                if let Some(pos) = video_response.interact_pointer_pos() {
+                    let norm_x =
+                        ((pos.x - video_rect.min.x) / video_rect.width()).clamp(0.05_f32, 0.95_f32);
+                    let norm_y =
+                        ((pos.y - video_rect.min.y) / video_rect.height()).clamp(0.05_f32, 0.95_f32);
+                    let _ = self
+                        .controller
+                        .select_track_object_norm(norm_x, norm_y, 0.0_f32, 0.0_f32);
+                    self.state.ready_auto_track = false;
+                    self.state.tracked_targets.clear();
+                    let _ = self
+                        .controller
+                        .set_video_mode_raw(VideoMode::AutoTracking, &VideoModeAuxData::default());
+                    self.state.show_toast("AI Tracking locked onto selected target", false);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Smart Whiteboard 4-Corner Overlay (SmartWhiteBoardBox.qml)
+        if self.state.video_mode == VideoMode::SmartWhiteBoard {
+            let corner_screen: Vec<Pos2> = self
+                .state
+                .whiteboard_corners
+                .iter()
+                .map(|c| {
+                    Pos2::new(
+                        video_rect.min.x + c.x * video_rect.width(),
+                        video_rect.min.y + c.y * video_rect.height(),
+                    )
+                })
+                .collect();
+
+            // Draw bounding polygon edges
+            for i in 0..4 {
+                let p1 = corner_screen[i];
+                let p2 = corner_screen[(i + 1) % 4];
+                ui.painter().line_segment([p1, p2], Stroke::new(2.0_f32, theme.brand_green));
+            }
+
+            // Draggable corner handles
+            for (i, corner) in self.state.whiteboard_corners.iter_mut().enumerate() {
+                let p = corner_screen[i];
+                let handle_rect = Rect::from_center_size(p, Vec2::new(16.0_f32, 16.0_f32));
+                let handle_resp = ui.interact(
+                    handle_rect,
+                    ui.id().with(("wb_corner", i)),
+                    egui::Sense::drag(),
+                );
+
+                if handle_resp.dragged() {
+                    let d = handle_resp.drag_delta();
+                    corner.x = (corner.x + d.x / video_rect.width()).clamp(0.0_f32, 1.0_f32);
+                    corner.y = (corner.y + d.y / video_rect.height()).clamp(0.0_f32, 1.0_f32);
+                }
+
+                ui.painter().circle_filled(p, 6.0_f32, theme.brand_green);
+                ui.painter().circle_stroke(p, 6.0_f32, Stroke::new(2.0_f32, Color32::WHITE));
+            }
+
+            // Floating bottom pill for whiteboard controls
+            let pill_rect = Rect::from_center_size(
+                Pos2::new(video_rect.center().x, video_rect.max.y - 32.0_f32),
+                Vec2::new(320.0_f32, 38.0_f32),
+            );
+            ui.painter().rect_filled(pill_rect, Rounding::same(19.0_f32), Color32::from_rgba_unmultiplied(20, 26, 36, 230));
+            ui.painter().rect_stroke(pill_rect, Rounding::same(19.0_f32), Stroke::new(1.0_f32, theme.border01));
+
+            ui.allocate_new_ui(egui::UiBuilder::new().max_rect(pill_rect), |ui| {
+                ui.horizontal_centered(|ui| {
+                    if ui.button("Rescan").clicked() {
+                        self.state.whiteboard_corners = [
+                            Pos2::new(0.18_f32, 0.16_f32),
+                            Pos2::new(0.82_f32, 0.16_f32),
+                            Pos2::new(0.82_f32, 0.78_f32),
+                            Pos2::new(0.18_f32, 0.78_f32),
+                        ];
+                        self.state.show_toast("Rescanning whiteboard corners...", false);
+                    }
+                    if ui.button("Manual Adjustment").clicked() {
+                        self.state.show_toast("Drag corner handles to adjust whiteboard bounds", false);
+                    }
+                    if ui.button(RichText::new("Exit").color(theme.error)).clicked() {
+                        self.set_video_mode(VideoMode::Normal);
+                    }
+                });
+            });
+        }
+
+        // Pause-Track Area Overlay (TrackForbiddenAreaSetting.qml)
+        if self.state.show_pause_track_overlay {
+            // Render exclusion zones
+            for (idx, area) in self.state.forbidden_areas.iter().enumerate() {
+                if !area.enabled {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                let norm_x_min = ((area.pan_min + 350) as f32 / 700.0_f32).clamp(0.0_f32, 1.0_f32);
+                let norm_x_max = ((area.pan_max + 350) as f32 / 700.0_f32).clamp(0.0_f32, 1.0_f32);
+                let norm_y_min = ((200 - area.tilt_max) as f32 / 400.0_f32).clamp(0.0_f32, 1.0_f32);
+                let norm_y_max = ((200 - area.tilt_min) as f32 / 400.0_f32).clamp(0.0_f32, 1.0_f32);
+
+                let z_rect = Rect::from_min_max(
+                    Pos2::new(video_rect.min.x + norm_x_min * video_rect.width(), video_rect.min.y + norm_y_min * video_rect.height()),
+                    Pos2::new(video_rect.min.x + norm_x_max * video_rect.width(), video_rect.min.y + norm_y_max * video_rect.height()),
+                );
+
+                ui.painter().rect_filled(z_rect, Rounding::same(4.0_f32), Color32::from_rgba_unmultiplied(239, 68, 68, 60));
+                ui.painter().rect_stroke(z_rect, Rounding::same(4.0_f32), Stroke::new(1.5_f32, Color32::from_rgb(239, 68, 68)));
+                ui.painter().text(
+                    z_rect.center(),
+                    Align2::CENTER_CENTER,
+                    format!("Zone {}", idx + 1),
+                    FontId::proportional(13.0_f32),
+                    Color32::WHITE,
+                );
+            }
+
+            // Floating header control bar
+            let header_rect = Rect::from_center_size(
+                Pos2::new(video_rect.center().x, video_rect.min.y + 32.0_f32),
+                Vec2::new((video_rect.width() * 0.85_f32).min(540.0_f32), 44.0_f32),
+            );
+            ui.painter().rect_filled(header_rect, Rounding::same(8.0_f32), Color32::from_rgba_unmultiplied(20, 26, 36, 235));
+            ui.painter().rect_stroke(header_rect, Rounding::same(8.0_f32), Stroke::new(1.0_f32, theme.border01));
+
+            ui.allocate_new_ui(egui::UiBuilder::new().max_rect(header_rect), |ui| {
+                ui.horizontal_centered(|ui| {
+                    ui.label(RichText::new("Pause-Track Areas").strong().color(theme.text01));
+                    ui.separator();
+                    for i in 0..4 {
+                        let active = self.state.forbidden_areas[i].enabled;
+                        let btn = ui.selectable_label(active, format!("Zone {}", i + 1));
+                        if btn.clicked() {
+                            self.state.forbidden_areas[i].enabled = !active;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    ui.separator();
+                    if ui.button("Clear all").clicked() {
+                        for a in &mut self.state.forbidden_areas {
+                            a.enabled = false;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if ui.button(RichText::new("Done").color(theme.brand_green).strong()).clicked() {
+                        let _ = self.controller.set_track_forbidden_areas(&self.state.forbidden_areas);
+                        let _ = self.controller.exit_track_forbidden_area_setting();
+                        self.state.show_pause_track_overlay = false;
+                    }
+                });
+            });
+        }
+
+        // Toast Banner
+        if let Some((msg, ts, is_err)) = &self.state.toast_message {
+            if ts.elapsed().as_secs_f32() < 3.5_f32 {
+                let toast_w = (msg.len() as f32 * 7.5_f32 + 48.0_f32).max(180.0_f32);
+                let toast_rect = Rect::from_center_size(
+                    Pos2::new(video_rect.center().x, video_rect.min.y + 26.0_f32),
+                    Vec2::new(toast_w, 32.0_f32),
+                );
+
+                let badge_color = if *is_err { theme.error } else { theme.brand_green };
+                ui.painter().rect_filled(
+                    toast_rect,
+                    Rounding::same(16.0_f32),
+                    Color32::from_rgba_unmultiplied(18, 24, 34, 235),
+                );
+                ui.painter().rect_stroke(
+                    toast_rect,
+                    Rounding::same(16.0_f32),
+                    Stroke::new(1.0_f32, badge_color),
+                );
+
+                ui.painter().text(
+                    Pos2::new(toast_rect.min.x + 14.0_f32, toast_rect.center().y),
+                    Align2::LEFT_CENTER,
+                    if *is_err { "⚠" } else { "✓" },
+                    FontId::proportional(14.0_f32),
+                    badge_color,
+                );
+                ui.painter().text(
+                    Pos2::new(toast_rect.min.x + 32.0_f32, toast_rect.center().y),
+                    Align2::LEFT_CENTER,
+                    msg,
+                    FontId::proportional(12.5_f32),
+                    theme.text01,
+                );
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ========================================================================
+    // Compact Floating Toolbar Mode (Toolbar.qml - 780x74 or 780x280 with popup)
+    // ========================================================================
+    fn render_toolbar_mode(&mut self, ctx: &egui::Context, theme: &InsTheme) {
+        // Keep physical camera frame pipeline alive in background so AI tracking and hardware commands work
+        let _ = self.video_engine.render_frame(ctx, &mut self.state);
+
+        egui::CentralPanel::default()
+            .frame(
+                egui::Frame::none()
+                    .fill(theme.bg01)
+                    .inner_margin(Margin::symmetric(8.0_f32, 5.0_f32)),
+            )
+            .show(ctx, |ui| {
+                // 1. Optional Popover Panel above the toolbar (`ToolbarPopup`)
+                if self.state.toolbar_popup != ToolbarPopup::None {
+                    let pop_h = (ui.available_height() - 68.0_f32).max(150.0_f32);
+                    let (pop_rect, _) = ui.allocate_exact_size(
+                        egui::vec2(ui.available_width(), pop_h),
+                        egui::Sense::hover(),
+                    );
+                    ui.painter().rect_filled(pop_rect, Rounding::same(8.0_f32), theme.bg02);
+                    ui.painter().rect_stroke(
+                        pop_rect,
+                        Rounding::same(8.0_f32),
+                        Stroke::new(1.0_f32, theme.border01),
+                    );
+
+                    let inner_rect = pop_rect.shrink2(egui::vec2(14.0_f32, 10.0_f32));
+                    let mut pop_ui = ui.new_child(egui::UiBuilder::new().max_rect(inner_rect));
+                    pop_ui.vertical(|ui| {
+                        ui.horizontal(|ui| {
+                            let title = match self.state.toolbar_popup {
+                                ToolbarPopup::PictureSetting => "Image & Effects Settings",
+                                ToolbarPopup::GestureCtrl => "Gesture Control",
+                                ToolbarPopup::RemoteCtrl => "Mobile Remote Control",
+                                ToolbarPopup::MoreSetting => "More Camera Settings",
+                                _ => "Settings",
+                            };
+                            ui.label(RichText::new(title).strong().size(13.5_f32).color(theme.text01));
+                            ui.with_layout(egui::Layout::right_to_left(egui::Align::Center), |ui| {
+                                if ui.small_button("✕").clicked() {
+                                    self.state.toolbar_popup = ToolbarPopup::None;
+                                    ctx.send_viewport_cmd(egui::ViewportCommand::InnerSize(
+                                        egui::vec2(780.0_f32, 74.0_f32),
+                                    ));
+                                }
+                            });
+                        });
+                        ui.add_space(6.0_f32);
+
+                        egui::ScrollArea::vertical()
+                            .auto_shrink([false, false])
+                            .show(ui, |ui| match self.state.toolbar_popup {
+                                ToolbarPopup::GestureCtrl => {
+                                    if theme::ins_switch_row(
+                                        ui,
+                                        "Enable Gesture Control",
+                                        None,
+                                        &mut self.state.enable_all_gestures,
+                                        true,
+                                        theme,
+                                    ) {
+                                        let _ = self
+                                            .controller
+                                            .set_all_gestures_enabled(self.state.enable_all_gestures);
+                                    }
+                                    ui.add_space(4.0_f32);
+                                    ui.horizontal(|ui| {
+                                        if ui
+                                            .checkbox(&mut self.state.use_gesture_palm, "✋ AI Tracking")
+                                            .changed()
+                                        {
+                                            let _ = self.controller.set_gesture_enabled(
+                                                insta360_link_protocol::Gesture::Palm,
+                                                self.state.use_gesture_palm,
+                                            );
+                                        }
+                                        ui.add_space(12.0_f32);
+                                        if ui
+                                            .checkbox(&mut self.state.use_gesture_v, "✌ Whiteboard")
+                                            .changed()
+                                        {
+                                            let _ = self.controller.set_gesture_enabled(
+                                                insta360_link_protocol::Gesture::VShape,
+                                                self.state.use_gesture_v,
+                                            );
+                                        }
+                                        ui.add_space(12.0_f32);
+                                        if ui
+                                            .checkbox(&mut self.state.use_gesture_l, "👆 Zoom")
+                                            .changed()
+                                        {
+                                            let _ = self.controller.set_gesture_enabled(
+                                                insta360_link_protocol::Gesture::LShape,
+                                                self.state.use_gesture_l,
+                                            );
+                                        }
+                                    });
+                                }
+                                ToolbarPopup::PictureSetting => {
+                                    ui.columns(2, |cols| {
+                                        cols[0].vertical(|ui| {
+                                            if theme::ins_switch_row(
+                                                ui,
+                                                "Auto Exposure",
+                                                None,
+                                                &mut self.state.auto_exposure,
+                                                !self.state.hdr_enabled,
+                                                theme,
+                                            ) {
+                                                let _ = self
+                                                    .controller
+                                                    .set_auto_exposure(self.state.auto_exposure);
+                                            }
+                                            if self.state.auto_exposure {
+                                                if theme::ins_slider_f32(
+                                                    ui,
+                                                    Some("EV"),
+                                                    &mut self.state.ev_compensation,
+                                                    -3.0,
+                                                    3.0,
+                                                    0.3,
+                                                    1,
+                                                    "EV",
+                                                    !self.state.hdr_enabled,
+                                                    theme,
+                                                ) {
+                                                    let _ = self
+                                                        .controller
+                                                        .set_exposure_compensation(
+                                                            self.state.ev_compensation,
+                                                        );
+                                                }
+                                            }
+                                            if theme::ins_switch_row(
+                                                ui,
+                                                "Auto Focus",
+                                                None,
+                                                &mut self.state.auto_focus,
+                                                true,
+                                                theme,
+                                            ) {
+                                                let _ =
+                                                    self.controller.set_auto_focus(self.state.auto_focus);
+                                            }
+                                            if theme::ins_switch_row(
+                                                ui,
+                                                "Auto White Balance",
+                                                None,
+                                                &mut self.state.auto_white_balance,
+                                                true,
+                                                theme,
+                                            ) {
+                                                let _ = self.controller.set_auto_white_balance(
+                                                    self.state.auto_white_balance,
+                                                );
+                                            }
+                                        });
+                                        cols[1].vertical(|ui| {
+                                            let mut br = self.state.brightness as i32;
+                                            if theme::ins_slider_i32(
+                                                ui,
+                                                Some("Brightness"),
+                                                &mut br,
+                                                0,
+                                                100,
+                                                "%",
+                                                true,
+                                                theme,
+                                            ) {
+                                                self.state.brightness = br as i16;
+                                                let _ = self
+                                                    .controller
+                                                    .set_brightness(self.state.brightness);
+                                            }
+                                            let mut ct = self.state.contrast as i32;
+                                            if theme::ins_slider_i32(
+                                                ui,
+                                                Some("Contrast"),
+                                                &mut ct,
+                                                0,
+                                                100,
+                                                "%",
+                                                true,
+                                                theme,
+                                            ) {
+                                                self.state.contrast = ct as u16;
+                                                let _ =
+                                                    self.controller.set_contrast(self.state.contrast);
+                                            }
+                                            let mut sat = self.state.saturation as i32;
+                                            if theme::ins_slider_i32(
+                                                ui,
+                                                Some("Saturation"),
+                                                &mut sat,
+                                                0,
+                                                100,
+                                                "%",
+                                                true,
+                                                theme,
+                                            ) {
+                                                self.state.saturation = sat as u16;
+                                                let _ = self
+                                                    .controller
+                                                    .set_saturation(self.state.saturation);
+                                            }
+                                            if theme::ins_switch_row(
+                                                ui,
+                                                "HDR",
+                                                None,
+                                                &mut self.state.hdr_enabled,
+                                                true,
+                                                theme,
+                                            ) {
+                                                let _ =
+                                                    self.controller.set_hdr(self.state.hdr_enabled);
+                                            }
+                                        });
+                                    });
+                                }
+                                ToolbarPopup::RemoteCtrl => {
+                                    ui.label(
+                                        RichText::new(
+                                            "Open http://127.0.0.1:9360 on your phone or browser to control the camera remotely.",
+                                        )
+                                        .color(theme.text02),
+                                    );
+                                }
+                                ToolbarPopup::MoreSetting | _ => {
+                                    ui.columns(2, |cols| {
+                                        cols[0].vertical(|ui| {
+                                            if ui
+                                                .checkbox(
+                                                    &mut self.state.horizontal_mirror,
+                                                    "Horizontal Flip",
+                                                )
+                                                .changed()
+                                            {
+                                                let _ = self.controller.set_horizontal_mirror(
+                                                    self.state.horizontal_mirror,
+                                                );
+                                            }
+                                            if self.controller.capabilities().support_mirror_vertically
+                                                && ui
+                                                    .checkbox(
+                                                        &mut self.state.vertical_mirror,
+                                                        "Vertical Flip",
+                                                    )
+                                                    .changed()
+                                            {
+                                                let _ = self.controller.set_vertical_mirror(
+                                                    self.state.vertical_mirror,
+                                                );
+                                            }
+                                            if ui
+                                                .checkbox(
+                                                    &mut self.state.audio_denoise,
+                                                    "AI Audio Noise Reduction",
+                                                )
+                                                .changed()
+                                            {
+                                                let _ = self.controller.set_audio_noise_reduction(
+                                                    self.state.audio_denoise,
+                                                );
+                                            }
+                                        });
+                                        cols[1].vertical(|ui| {
+                                            ui.horizontal(|ui| {
+                                                ui.label("Tracking Speed:");
+                                                egui::ComboBox::from_id_salt("tb_track_speed")
+                                                    .selected_text(match self.state.track_speed {
+                                                        insta360_link_protocol::TrackSpeed::Fast => {
+                                                            "Quick"
+                                                        }
+                                                        insta360_link_protocol::TrackSpeed::Normal => {
+                                                            "Ordinary"
+                                                        }
+                                                        insta360_link_protocol::TrackSpeed::Slow => {
+                                                            "Slow"
+                                                        }
+                                                    })
+                                                    .show_ui(ui, |ui| {
+                                                        if ui
+                                                            .selectable_value(
+                                                                &mut self.state.track_speed,
+                                                                insta360_link_protocol::TrackSpeed::Fast,
+                                                                "Quick",
+                                                            )
+                                                            .clicked()
+                                                        {
+                                                            let _ = self.controller.set_track_speed(
+                                                                insta360_link_protocol::TrackSpeed::Fast,
+                                                            );
+                                                        }
+                                                        if ui
+                                                            .selectable_value(
+                                                                &mut self.state.track_speed,
+                                                                insta360_link_protocol::TrackSpeed::Normal,
+                                                                "Ordinary",
+                                                            )
+                                                            .clicked()
+                                                        {
+                                                            let _ = self.controller.set_track_speed(
+                                                                insta360_link_protocol::TrackSpeed::Normal,
+                                                            );
+                                                        }
+                                                        if ui
+                                                            .selectable_value(
+                                                                &mut self.state.track_speed,
+                                                                insta360_link_protocol::TrackSpeed::Slow,
+                                                                "Slow",
+                                                            )
+                                                            .clicked()
+                                                        {
+                                                            let _ = self.controller.set_track_speed(
+                                                                insta360_link_protocol::TrackSpeed::Slow,
+                                                            );
+                                                        }
+                                                    });
+                                            });
+                                            ui.horizontal(|ui| {
+                                                ui.label("Anti-Flicker:");
+                                                egui::ComboBox::from_id_salt("tb_anti_flicker")
+                                                    .selected_text(match self.state.anti_flicker {
+                                                        PowerLineFrequency::Auto => "Auto",
+                                                        PowerLineFrequency::Hz50 => "50Hz",
+                                                        PowerLineFrequency::Hz60 => "60Hz",
+                                                        PowerLineFrequency::Disabled => "Off",
+                                                    })
+                                                    .show_ui(ui, |ui| {
+                                                        if ui
+                                                            .selectable_value(
+                                                                &mut self.state.anti_flicker,
+                                                                PowerLineFrequency::Auto,
+                                                                "Auto",
+                                                            )
+                                                            .clicked()
+                                                        {
+                                                            let _ = self
+                                                                .controller
+                                                                .set_power_line_frequency(
+                                                                    PowerLineFrequency::Auto,
+                                                                );
+                                                        }
+                                                        if ui
+                                                            .selectable_value(
+                                                                &mut self.state.anti_flicker,
+                                                                PowerLineFrequency::Hz50,
+                                                                "50Hz",
+                                                            )
+                                                            .clicked()
+                                                        {
+                                                            let _ = self
+                                                                .controller
+                                                                .set_power_line_frequency(
+                                                                    PowerLineFrequency::Hz50,
+                                                                );
+                                                        }
+                                                        if ui
+                                                            .selectable_value(
+                                                                &mut self.state.anti_flicker,
+                                                                PowerLineFrequency::Hz60,
+                                                                "60Hz",
+                                                            )
+                                                            .clicked()
+                                                        {
+                                                            let _ = self
+                                                                .controller
+                                                                .set_power_line_frequency(
+                                                                    PowerLineFrequency::Hz60,
+                                                                );
+                                                        }
+                                                    });
+                                            });
+                                        });
+                                    });
+                                }
+                            });
+                    });
+                    ui.add_space(4.0_f32);
+                }
+
+                // 2. Main 64px Pill Bar (`Toolbar.qml` `toolbarRect`)
+                let (bar_rect, _) = ui.allocate_exact_size(
+                    egui::vec2(ui.available_width(), 64.0_f32),
+                    egui::Sense::hover(),
+                );
+                ui.painter()
+                    .rect_filled(bar_rect, Rounding::same(8.0_f32), theme.bg02);
+                ui.painter().rect_stroke(
+                    bar_rect,
+                    Rounding::same(8.0_f32),
+                    Stroke::new(1.0_f32, theme.border01),
+                );
+
+                let inner_bar = bar_rect.shrink2(egui::vec2(10.0_f32, 6.0_f32));
+                let mut bar_ui = ui.new_child(egui::UiBuilder::new().max_rect(inner_bar));
+                bar_ui.horizontal_centered(|ui| {
+                    // Leftmost stacked Close + Switch to Main Window (`Toolbar.qml` lines 473-511)
+                    ui.vertical(|ui| {
+                        ui.spacing_mut().item_spacing.y = 4.0_f32;
+                        if ui
+                            .add_sized([22.0_f32, 22.0_f32], egui::Button::new(RichText::new("✕").size(11.0_f32)))
+                            .on_hover_text("Close Application")
+                            .clicked()
+                        {
+                            ctx.send_viewport_cmd(egui::ViewportCommand::Close);
+                        }
+                        if ui
+                            .add_sized([22.0_f32, 22.0_f32], egui::Button::new(RichText::new("🗖").size(11.0_f32)))
+                            .on_hover_text("Switch to Main Window")
+                            .clicked()
+                        {
+                            self.state.ui_mode = UiMode::MainWindow;
+                            self.state.toolbar_popup = ToolbarPopup::None;
+                            ctx.send_viewport_cmd(egui::ViewportCommand::InnerSize(egui::vec2(
+                                1440.0_f32, 714.0_f32,
+                            )));
+                        }
+                    });
+
+                    ui.add_space(6.0_f32);
+                    let (d0, _) = ui.allocate_exact_size(egui::vec2(1.0_f32, 32.0_f32), egui::Sense::hover());
+                    ui.painter().rect_filled(d0, Rounding::ZERO, theme.border01);
+                    ui.add_space(6.0_f32);
+
+                    // PTZ Circular D-Pad (`PTZController.qml` 44x44 circle with directional sectors + center reset)
+                    let (pad_rect, pad_resp) = ui.allocate_exact_size(
+                        egui::vec2(46.0_f32, 46.0_f32),
+                        egui::Sense::click_and_drag(),
+                    );
+                    let center = pad_rect.center();
+                    let radius = 22.0_f32;
+                    ui.painter().circle_filled(center, radius, theme.overlay03);
+                    ui.painter().circle_stroke(center, radius, Stroke::new(1.0_f32, theme.border01));
+                    ui.painter().circle_filled(center, 7.0_f32, theme.bg02);
+
+                    // Directional chevrons on the circular pad
+                    for (pos, glyph) in [
+                        (Pos2::new(center.x, center.y - 14.5_f32), "▴"),
+                        (Pos2::new(center.x, center.y + 14.5_f32), "▾"),
+                        (Pos2::new(center.x - 14.5_f32, center.y), "◂"),
+                        (Pos2::new(center.x + 14.5_f32, center.y), "▸"),
+                    ] {
+                        ui.painter().text(
+                            pos,
+                            Align2::CENTER_CENTER,
+                            glyph,
+                            FontId::proportional(11.0_f32),
+                            theme.text02,
+                        );
+                    }
+
+                    if pad_resp.is_pointer_button_down_on() {
+                        if let Some(ptr) = pad_resp.interact_pointer_pos() {
+                            let d = ptr - center;
+                            if d.length() < 7.5_f32 && pad_resp.clicked() {
+                                self.state.pan_deg = 0.0_f32;
+                                self.state.tilt_deg = 0.0_f32;
+                                let _ = self.controller.reset_gimbal();
+                            } else if d.length() >= 7.5_f32 {
+                                let pan_dir = if d.x.abs() > d.y.abs() * 0.5_f32 {
+                                    if d.x > 0.0_f32 { 1i8 } else { -1i8 }
+                                } else {
+                                    0i8
+                                };
+                                let tilt_dir = if d.y.abs() > d.x.abs() * 0.5_f32 {
+                                    if d.y > 0.0_f32 { 1i8 } else { -1i8 }
+                                } else {
+                                    0i8
+                                };
+                                let can_send = self
+                                    .state
+                                    .last_ptz_send_time
+                                    .map(|t| t.elapsed().as_millis() >= 60)
+                                    .unwrap_or(true);
+                                if can_send {
+                                    let _ = self.controller.set_pantilt_relative_ext(
+                                        if pan_dir == 0 { 0 } else { 4 },
+                                        pan_dir,
+                                        if tilt_dir == 0 { 0 } else { 4 },
+                                        tilt_dir,
+                                    );
+                                    self.state.last_ptz_cmd = (4, pan_dir, 4, tilt_dir);
+                                    self.state.last_ptz_send_time = Some(Instant::now());
+                                    self.state.nudge_stop_at =
+                                        Some(Instant::now() + Duration::from_millis(140));
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    pad_resp.on_hover_text("Drag or click arrows to Pan/Tilt • Click center dot to Reset");
+
+                    ui.add_space(6.0_f32);
+
+                    // Compact Zoom controls (`−`, slider, `+`)
+                    if ui
+                        .add_sized([22.0_f32, 26.0_f32], egui::Button::new("−"))
+                        .on_hover_text("Zoom Out")
+                        .clicked()
+                    {
+                        self.state.zoom_x = (self.state.zoom_x - 0.25_f32).clamp(1.0_f32, 4.0_f32);
+                        let _ = self.controller.set_zoom((self.state.zoom_x * 100.0_f32) as u16);
+                    }
+                    ui.spacing_mut().slider_width = 64.0_f32;
+                    if ui
+                        .add(
+                            egui::Slider::new(&mut self.state.zoom_x, 1.0_f32..=4.0_f32)
+                                .show_value(false),
+                        )
+                        .on_hover_text(format!("Zoom: {:.1}x", self.state.zoom_x))
+                        .changed()
+                    {
+                        let _ = self.controller.set_zoom((self.state.zoom_x * 100.0_f32) as u16);
+                    }
+                    if ui
+                        .add_sized([22.0_f32, 26.0_f32], egui::Button::new("+"))
+                        .on_hover_text("Zoom In")
+                        .clicked()
+                    {
+                        self.state.zoom_x = (self.state.zoom_x + 0.25_f32).clamp(1.0_f32, 4.0_f32);
+                        let _ = self.controller.set_zoom((self.state.zoom_x * 100.0_f32) as u16);
+                    }
+
+                    ui.add_space(8.0_f32);
+                    let (d1, _) = ui.allocate_exact_size(egui::vec2(1.0_f32, 32.0_f32), egui::Sense::hover());
+                    ui.painter().rect_filled(d1, Rounding::ZERO, theme.border01);
+                    ui.add_space(8.0_f32);
+
+                    // AI Modes (`SecondLastSubarea.qml`: 40x40 rounded icon buttons with tooltips)
+                    let trk_act = self.state.video_mode == VideoMode::AutoTracking
+                        || self.state.video_mode == VideoMode::AutoFraming;
+                    let wb_act = self.state.video_mode == VideoMode::WhiteBoard;
+                    let ovh_act = self.state.video_mode == VideoMode::OverheadShot;
+                    let swb_act = self.state.video_mode == VideoMode::SmartWhiteBoard;
+                    let dsk_act = self.state.video_mode == VideoMode::DeskView;
+
+                    for (icon, tooltip, active, target_mode) in [
+                        ("🎯", "AI Tracking", trk_act, VideoMode::AutoTracking),
+                        ("📋", "Whiteboard", wb_act, VideoMode::WhiteBoard),
+                        ("⬇", "Overhead", ovh_act, VideoMode::OverheadShot),
+                        ("🖽", "Smart Whiteboard", swb_act, VideoMode::SmartWhiteBoard),
+                        ("📐", "DeskView", dsk_act, VideoMode::DeskView),
+                    ] {
+                        let fill = if active {
+                            theme.brand_green
+                        } else {
+                            theme.overlay03
+                        };
+                        let fg = if active {
+                            Color32::BLACK
+                        } else {
+                            theme.text01
+                        };
+                        let btn = egui::Button::new(RichText::new(icon).size(16.0_f32).color(fg))
+                            .fill(fill)
+                            .rounding(Rounding::same(8.0_f32));
+                        if ui
+                            .add_sized([40.0_f32, 40.0_f32], btn)
+                            .on_hover_text(tooltip)
+                            .clicked()
+                        {
+                            self.set_video_mode(target_mode);
+                        }
+                        ui.add_space(2.0_f32);
+                    }
+
+                    ui.add_space(6.0_f32);
+                    let (d2, _) = ui.allocate_exact_size(egui::vec2(1.0_f32, 32.0_f32), egui::Sense::hover());
+                    ui.painter().rect_filled(d2, Rounding::ZERO, theme.border01);
+                    ui.add_space(6.0_f32);
+
+                    // Quick Popover Buttons (`LastSubarea.qml`: Gesture, Image/Effects, Remote, More)
+                    for (icon, tooltip, popup) in [
+                        ("✋", "Gesture Control", ToolbarPopup::GestureCtrl),
+                        ("🎨", "Image & Effects", ToolbarPopup::PictureSetting),
+                        ("📱", "Remote Control", ToolbarPopup::RemoteCtrl),
+                        ("⚙", "More Settings", ToolbarPopup::MoreSetting),
+                    ] {
+                        let active = self.state.toolbar_popup == popup;
+                        let fill = if active {
+                            theme.brand_green
+                        } else {
+                            theme.overlay03
+                        };
+                        let fg = if active {
+                            Color32::BLACK
+                        } else {
+                            theme.text01
+                        };
+                        let btn = egui::Button::new(RichText::new(icon).size(15.0_f32).color(fg))
+                            .fill(fill)
+                            .rounding(Rounding::same(8.0_f32));
+                        if ui
+                            .add_sized([38.0_f32, 40.0_f32], btn)
+                            .on_hover_text(tooltip)
+                            .clicked()
+                        {
+                            if active {
+                                self.state.toolbar_popup = ToolbarPopup::None;
+                                ctx.send_viewport_cmd(egui::ViewportCommand::InnerSize(
+                                    egui::vec2(780.0_f32, 74.0_f32),
+                                ));
+                            } else {
+                                self.state.toolbar_popup = popup;
+                                ctx.send_viewport_cmd(egui::ViewportCommand::InnerSize(
+                                    egui::vec2(780.0_f32, 270.0_f32),
+                                ));
+                            }
+                        }
+                        ui.add_space(2.0_f32);
+                    }
+
+                    ui.add_space(6.0_f32);
+                    if ui
+                        .add_sized(
+                            [92.0_f32, 36.0_f32],
+                            egui::Button::new(
+                                RichText::new("🗖 Main View")
+                                    .size(12.0_f32)
+                                    .color(theme.text01),
+                            )
+                            .fill(theme.overlay03)
+                            .rounding(Rounding::same(8.0_f32)),
+                        )
+                        .on_hover_text("Restore full Insta360 Link Controller window")
+                        .clicked()
+                    {
+                        self.state.ui_mode = UiMode::MainWindow;
+                        self.state.toolbar_popup = ToolbarPopup::None;
+                        ctx.send_viewport_cmd(egui::ViewportCommand::InnerSize(egui::vec2(
+                            1440.0_f32, 714.0_f32,
+                        )));
+                    }
+                });
+            });
+    }
+
+    // ========================================================================
+    // Modals & Dialogs (Preferences, Virtual Cam, Remote QR, Factory Reset, DeskView Pitch)
+    // ========================================================================
+    fn render_modals(&mut self, ctx: &egui::Context, theme: &InsTheme) {
+        // Preferences modal (preference/MoreSettings.qml - 640x480)
+        if self.state.show_preferences {
+            let mut open = self.state.show_preferences;
+            egui::Window::new("Settings")
+                .fixed_size([640.0_f32, 480.0_f32])
+                .collapsible(false)
+                .resizable(false)
+                .open(&mut open)
+                .show(ctx, |ui| {
+                    ui.horizontal(|ui| {
+                        // Left navigation pane (160px)
+                        ui.vertical(|ui| {
+                            ui.set_width(150.0_f32);
+                            let tabs = [
+                                (PreferenceTab::General, "General"),
+                                (PreferenceTab::Hotkeys, "Hotkeys"),
+                                (PreferenceTab::GetLog, "Report Issue"),
+                                (PreferenceTab::About, "About Us"),
+                            ];
+                            for (tab, label) in tabs {
+                                let is_active = self.state.preference_tab == tab;
+                                if ui.selectable_label(is_active, label).clicked() {
+                                    self.state.preference_tab = tab;
+                                }
+                            }
+                        });
+
+                        ui.separator();
+
+                        // Right content pane
+                        ui.vertical(|ui| {
+                            match self.state.preference_tab {
+                                PreferenceTab::General => {
+                                    ui.label(RichText::new("General Settings").strong().color(theme.text01));
+                                    ui.add_space(8.0_f32);
+                                    ui.label("Appearance:");
+                                    ui.horizontal(|ui| {
+                                        ui.radio_value(&mut self.state.is_light_mode, false, "Dark");
+                                        ui.radio_value(&mut self.state.is_light_mode, true, "Light");
+                                    });
+                                    ui.add_space(12.0_f32);
+                                    ui.label("Screenshot Save Location:");
+                                    ui.label(
+                                        RichText::new(self.state.screenshot_dir.display().to_string())
+                                            .monospace()
+                                            .color(theme.text02),
+                                    );
+                                    ui.add_space(8.0_f32);
+                                    ui.label("Recording Save Location:");
+                                    ui.label(
+                                        RichText::new(self.state.recording_dir.display().to_string())
+                                            .monospace()
+                                            .color(theme.text02),
+                                    );
+                                }
+                                PreferenceTab::Hotkeys => {
+                                    ui.label(RichText::new("Hotkey Shortcuts").strong().color(theme.text01));
+                                    ui.add_space(8.0_f32);
+                                    egui::Grid::new("hotkeys_table")
+                                        .striped(true)
+                                        .spacing([24.0_f32, 8.0_f32])
+                                        .show(ui, |ui| {
+                                            ui.label("Action");
+                                            ui.label("Shortcut");
+                                            ui.end_row();
+
+                                            let shortcuts = [
+                                                ("AI Tracking", "Ctrl + Shift + T"),
+                                                ("Whiteboard", "Ctrl + Shift + W"),
+                                                ("Overhead", "Ctrl + Shift + O"),
+                                                ("DeskView", "Ctrl + Shift + D"),
+                                                ("Gimbal Up/Down/Left/Right", "Arrow Keys"),
+                                                ("Center gimbal", "Ctrl + Shift + C"),
+                                                ("Enlarge / Zoom out", "+ / -"),
+                                                ("Toggle Toolbar Mode", "Ctrl + Shift + M"),
+                                            ];
+                                            for (act, key) in shortcuts {
+                                                ui.label(act);
+                                                ui.label(RichText::new(key).monospace().color(theme.brand_green));
+                                                ui.end_row();
+                                            }
+                                        });
+                                }
+                                PreferenceTab::GetLog => {
+                                    ui.label(RichText::new("Report Issue & Diagnostics").strong().color(theme.text01));
+                                    ui.add_space(8.0_f32);
+                                    ui.label(
+                                        "If you encounter camera issues, switch to Read-Only USB Mass Storage mode to retrieve hardware and gimbal logs.",
+                                    );
+                                    ui.add_space(12.0_f32);
+                                    if ui
+                                        .button("Retrieve Camera Logs (Read-Only USB Mode)")
+                                        .clicked()
+                                    {
+                                        let _ = self.controller.switch_msc_readonly_class();
+                                        self.state.show_toast(
+                                            "Switched camera to Read-Only USB Mass Storage Mode",
+                                            false,
+                                        );
+                                    }
+                                }
+                                PreferenceTab::About => {
+                                    ui.label(
+                                        RichText::new("Insta360 Link Controller")
+                                            .size(16.0_f32)
+                                            .strong()
+                                            .color(theme.text01),
+                                    );
+                                    ui.add_space(4.0_f32);
+                                    ui.label("Version: v0.1.0 (Pure-Rust Open Desktop Controller)");
+                                    ui.add_space(8.0_f32);
+                                    ui.label(format!("Active Device: {}", self.state.device_info.device_name));
+                                    ui.label(format!(
+                                        "Firmware Version: {}",
+                                        self.state.device_info.firmware_version
+                                    ));
+                                    ui.label(format!(
+                                        "Serial Number: {}",
+                                        self.state.device_info.serial_number
+                                    ));
+                                    ui.label(format!("PTZ Version: {}", self.state.ptz_info.version));
+                                }
+                            }
+                        });
+                    });
+                });
+            self.state.show_preferences = open;
+        }
+
+        // Virtual Camera modal (DefVirCamPop.qml)
+        if self.state.show_virtual_cam_pop {
+            let mut open = self.state.show_virtual_cam_pop;
+            egui::Window::new("Virtual Camera")
+                .fixed_size([420.0_f32, 230.0_f32])
+                .collapsible(false)
+                .open(&mut open)
+                .show(ctx, |ui| {
+                    ui.label(RichText::new("Virtual Camera Output").strong().color(theme.text01));
+                    ui.add_space(6.0_f32);
+                    ui.horizontal(|ui| {
+                        ui.label("Enable Virtual Camera:");
+                        let mut vcam = self.state.virtual_camera_enabled;
+                        if ui.checkbox(&mut vcam, "").changed() {
+                            self.state.virtual_camera_enabled = vcam;
+                            let msg = if vcam {
+                                "Virtual Camera enabled"
+                            } else {
+                                "Virtual Camera disabled"
+                            };
+                            self.state.show_toast(msg, false);
+                        }
+                    });
+                    ui.add_space(8.0_f32);
+                    ui.label(
+                        RichText::new(
+                            "Virtual Camera allows you to output video with AI tracking, filters, and background effects to third-party applications like Zoom, Microsoft Teams, OBS, and Google Meet.",
+                        )
+                        .size(12.0_f32)
+                        .color(theme.text02),
+                    );
+                    ui.add_space(4.0_f32);
+                    ui.label(
+                        RichText::new(
+                            "Select 'Insta360 Virtual Camera' as the video input in your conferencing software.",
+                        )
+                        .size(12.0_f32)
+                        .color(theme.text03),
+                    );
+                });
+            self.state.show_virtual_cam_pop = open;
+        }
+
+        // Remote Control modal (QRCodeDialog.qml)
+        if self.state.show_qr_dialog {
+            let mut open = self.state.show_qr_dialog;
+            egui::Window::new("Mobile Remote Control")
+                .fixed_size([380.0_f32, 240.0_f32])
+                .collapsible(false)
+                .open(&mut open)
+                .show(ctx, |ui| {
+                    ui.label(RichText::new("Local Web Remote").strong().color(theme.text01));
+                    ui.add_space(6.0_f32);
+                    ui.label(
+                        "Scan QR code or open the following URL in your phone or browser on the same Wi-Fi network:",
+                    );
+                    ui.add_space(8.0_f32);
+                    ui.label(
+                        RichText::new("http://127.0.0.1:9360")
+                            .monospace()
+                            .size(14.0_f32)
+                            .color(theme.brand_green),
+                    );
+                    ui.add_space(8.0_f32);
+                    ui.label(
+                        RichText::new(
+                            "Remotely control gimbal pan/tilt, AI tracking mode, zoom factor, and preset positions.",
+                        )
+                        .size(12.0_f32)
+                        .color(theme.text02),
+                    );
+                });
+            self.state.show_qr_dialog = open;
+        }
+
+        // Factory Reset confirmation modal
+        if self.state.show_factory_reset_pop {
+            let mut open = self.state.show_factory_reset_pop;
+            egui::Window::new("Restore Factory Settings")
+                .fixed_size([360.0_f32, 160.0_f32])
+                .collapsible(false)
+                .open(&mut open)
+                .show(ctx, |ui| {
+                    ui.label(
+                        RichText::new("Are you sure you want to restore factory settings?")
+                            .strong()
+                            .color(theme.text01),
+                    );
+                    ui.add_space(6.0_f32);
+                    ui.label(
+                        "This will reset all gimbal presets, image parameters, and tracking settings to factory defaults.",
+                    );
+                    ui.add_space(14.0_f32);
+                    ui.horizontal(|ui| {
+                        if ui.button("Cancel").clicked() {
+                            self.state.show_factory_reset_pop = false;
+                        }
+                        if ui
+                            .button(RichText::new("Confirm").color(theme.error).strong())
+                            .clicked()
+                        {
+                            let _ = self.controller.restore_factory_settings(false);
+                            self.state.show_factory_reset_pop = false;
+                            self.state
+                                .show_toast("Restored camera to factory default settings", false);
+                        }
+                    });
+                });
+            self.state.show_factory_reset_pop = open;
+        }
+
+        // DeskView Vertical Correction Pitch Popover
+        if self.state.show_deskview_pitch_pop {
+            let mut open = self.state.show_deskview_pitch_pop;
+            egui::Window::new("DeskView Vertical Correction")
+                .fixed_size([260.0_f32, 120.0_f32])
+                .collapsible(false)
+                .open(&mut open)
+                .show(ctx, |ui| {
+                    ui.label("DeskView Pitch Correction:");
+                    let mut pitch_deg = self.state.deskview_pitch as f32 / 10.0_f32;
+                    if ui
+                        .add(egui::Slider::new(&mut pitch_deg, -90.0_f32..=0.0_f32).text("°"))
+                        .changed()
+                    {
+                        self.state.deskview_pitch = (pitch_deg * 10.0_f32) as i16;
+                        let mut aux = VideoModeAuxData::default();
+                        aux.pitch = self.state.deskview_pitch;
+                        let _ = self.controller.set_video_mode(VideoMode::DeskView, &aux);
+                    }
+                    ui.add_space(8.0_f32);
+                    if ui.button("Close").clicked() {
+                        self.state.show_deskview_pitch_pop = false;
+                    }
+                });
+            self.state.show_deskview_pitch_pop = open;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl eframe::App for Insta360App {
+    fn update(&mut self, ctx: &egui::Context, _frame: &mut eframe::Frame) {
+        // Continuous repaint loop for smooth 30fps live video preview
+        if self.state.preview_open {
+            ctx.request_repaint_after(Duration::from_millis(33));
+        }
+
+        // Keep capture resolution synced with selected format preset
+        let (target_w, target_h) = self.state.format_preset.dimensions();
+        let target_fps = self.state.format_preset.fps();
+        if self.video_engine.capture_dimensions() != (target_w as usize, target_h as usize) {
+            self.video_engine
+                .set_capture_format(target_w as usize, target_h as usize, target_fps);
+        }
+
+        // 1. One-time hardware initialization once the physical video stream is open and delivering frames
+        if self.video_engine.has_live_physical_frame() && !self.state.stream_initialized {
+            self.state.stream_initialized = true;
+            self.sync_device_info();
+            // If the camera was left in Overhead or DeskView mode (which flips the ISP 180 degrees),
+            // restore Normal mode so the live video stream is right-side up.
+            if self.state.video_mode == VideoMode::OverheadShot
+                || self.state.video_mode == VideoMode::DeskView
+            {
+                let _ = self
+                    .controller
+                    .set_video_mode_raw(VideoMode::Normal, &VideoModeAuxData::default());
+                self.state.video_mode = VideoMode::Normal;
+            }
+            // If the camera was pointed straight down into its black neck/base, reset to (0, 0)
+            if self.state.tilt_deg < -65.0_f32 && self.state.pan_deg.abs() < 15.0_f32 {
+                let _ = self.controller.set_pantilt_absolute(0, 0);
+                self.state.pan_deg = 0.0_f32;
+                self.state.tilt_deg = 0.0_f32;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // 2. Auto-stop short PTZ directional nudges (`CameraInsta::addPanTilt` 100-120ms timer)
+        if let Some(stop_at) = self.state.nudge_stop_at {
+            if Instant::now() >= stop_at {
+                let _ = self.controller.stop_pantilt_relative();
+                self.state.nudge_stop_at = None;
+                self.state.last_ptz_cmd = (0, 0, 0, 0);
+                if let Ok((pan_arc, tilt_arc)) = self.controller.get_pantilt_absolute() {
+                    self.state.pan_deg = (pan_arc as f32 / 3600.0_f32).clamp(-130.0_f32, 130.0_f32);
+                    self.state.tilt_deg = (tilt_arc as f32 / 3600.0_f32).clamp(-90.0_f32, 90.0_f32);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // 2b. Restore pre-DeskView / pre-Overhead PTZ angle once firmware finishes exiting mode
+        if let Some((restore_at, pan_arc, tilt_arc)) = self.state.pending_ptz_restore {
+            if Instant::now() >= restore_at {
+                self.state.pending_ptz_restore = None;
+                let _ = self.controller.set_pantilt_absolute(pan_arc, tilt_arc);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // 3. Non-blocking AI Tracking target discovery (`onGetTrackObjectTimeOut` every 200ms)
+        if self.state.ready_auto_track && self.state.video_mode == VideoMode::AutoTracking {
+            let should_poll = self
+                .state
+                .last_track_poll
+                .map(|t| t.elapsed().as_millis() >= 200)
+                .unwrap_or(true);
+            if should_poll {
+                self.state.last_track_poll = Some(Instant::now());
+                if let Ok(rects) = self.controller.get_track_objects() {
+                    if rects.len() == 1 {
+                        // `gotRect` (`0x1000740e8`): single person detected -> immediately lock target,
+                        // stop `checkTrack` (`SetCheckTrack(false)`), clear boxes, and enter `AutoTracking` (`1`)!
+                        let r = &rects[0];
+                        let cx = (((r.x as f32) + (r.width as f32) * 0.5_f32) / 10000.0_f32)
+                            .clamp(0.05_f32, 0.95_f32);
+                        let cy = (((r.y as f32) + (r.height as f32) * 0.5_f32) / 10000.0_f32)
+                            .clamp(0.05_f32, 0.95_f32);
+                        let _ = self.controller.select_track_object_norm(cx, cy, 0.0_f32, 0.0_f32);
+                        self.state.ready_auto_track = false;
+                        self.state.tracked_targets.clear();
+                        let _ = self.controller.set_video_mode_raw(
+                            VideoMode::AutoTracking,
+                            &VideoModeAuxData::default(),
+                        );
+                        self.state.last_hw_sync =
+                            Some(Instant::now() + Duration::from_millis(700));
+                        self.state.show_toast("AI Tracking locked onto target", false);
+                    } else if rects.len() > 1 {
+                        // `gotRect` (`0x100074164`): multiple people detected -> display target selection boxes!
+                        self.state.tracked_targets = rects;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // 4. Periodic hardware sync (`onGetVideoModeTimeOut` every 500ms)
+        // IMPORTANT: Do NOT poll `GetTrackObjLists` (`XU1 0x14`) or `GetPanTiltAbsoluteValue` (`XU1 0x1a`)
+        // while `AutoTracking` is locked and active (`19_40_33.log` lines 412-419)!
+        if self.state.stream_initialized
+            && self.state.last_ptz_cmd == (0, 0, 0, 0)
+            && self.state.pending_ptz_restore.is_none()
+        {
+            let should_sync = self
+                .state
+                .last_hw_sync
+                .map(|t| t.elapsed().as_millis() >= 500)
+                .unwrap_or(true);
+            if should_sync {
+                self.state.last_hw_sync = Some(Instant::now());
+                if !self.state.ready_auto_track {
+                    if let Ok((hw_mode, _)) = self.controller.get_video_mode() {
+                        if hw_mode != self.state.video_mode {
+                            self.state.video_mode = hw_mode;
+                            if hw_mode == VideoMode::Normal {
+                                self.state.tracked_targets.clear();
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                if self.state.video_mode == VideoMode::Normal && !self.state.ready_auto_track {
+                    if let Ok((pan_arc, tilt_arc)) = self.controller.get_pantilt_absolute() {
+                        self.state.pan_deg =
+                            (pan_arc as f32 / 3600.0_f32).clamp(-130.0_f32, 130.0_f32);
+                        self.state.tilt_deg =
+                            (tilt_arc as f32 / 3600.0_f32).clamp(-90.0_f32, 90.0_f32);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // 5. Optional automated live hardware GUI verification (`INSTA360_GUI_SELF_TEST=1`)
+        if self.self_test_enabled && self.state.stream_initialized {
+            let start = *self.self_test_start.get_or_insert_with(Instant::now);
+            let elapsed = start.elapsed().as_secs_f32();
+            if self.self_test_step == 0 && elapsed >= 1.8 {
+                self.self_test_step = 1;
+                self.state.pan_deg = 70.0;
+                self.state.tilt_deg = 0.0;
+                let _ = self.controller.set_pantilt_absolute(252_000, 0);
+                println!(
+                    "[GUI-SELF-TEST] Step 1: Stream initialized, device='{}', fw='{}', mode={:?}",
+                    self.state.device_info.device_name,
+                    self.state.device_info.firmware_version,
+                    self.state.video_mode
+                );
+
+                // Start 1080p video recording test
+                let out_dir = std::path::Path::new(
+                    "/private/var/folders/xl/56c70fyj1f76mdtmtggl4szr0000gn/T/opencode",
+                );
+                if let Ok(rec_path) = self.video_engine.start_recording(out_dir) {
+                    println!(
+                        "[GUI-SELF-TEST] Started 1920x1080 video recording to {}",
+                        rec_path.display()
+                    );
+                }
+            } else if self.self_test_step == 1 && elapsed >= 3.5 {
+                self.self_test_step = 2;
+                let out_dir = std::path::Path::new(
+                    "/private/var/folders/xl/56c70fyj1f76mdtmtggl4szr0000gn/T/opencode",
+                );
+                if let Ok(rec_path) = self.video_engine.stop_recording() {
+                    let size = std::fs::metadata(&rec_path).map(|m| m.len()).unwrap_or(0);
+                    println!(
+                        "[GUI-SELF-TEST] Stopped 1920x1080 video recording: {} ({} bytes)",
+                        rec_path.display(),
+                        size
+                    );
+                }
+                if let Ok(snap_1080) = self.video_engine.save_screenshot(out_dir, &self.state) {
+                    println!(
+                        "[GUI-SELF-TEST] Saved 1920x1080 screenshot: {}",
+                        snap_1080.display()
+                    );
+                }
+
+                // Verify View Tab & Effects Tab & More Tab hardware settings readback
+                let _ = self.controller.set_zoom(200);
+                let z_read = self.controller.get_zoom().unwrap_or(0);
+                let _ = self.controller.set_zoom(100);
+
+                let _ = self.controller.set_track_speed(insta360_link_protocol::TrackSpeed::Fast);
+                let ts_fast = self.controller.get_track_speed().ok();
+                let _ = self.controller.set_track_speed(insta360_link_protocol::TrackSpeed::Normal);
+                let ts_norm = self.controller.get_track_speed().ok();
+
+                let _ = self.controller.set_auto_exposure(true);
+                let _ = self.controller.set_exposure_compensation(1.5);
+                let ev_15 = self.controller.get_exposure_compensation().unwrap_or(0.0);
+                let _ = self.controller.set_exposure_compensation(0.0);
+                let ev_0 = self.controller.get_exposure_compensation().unwrap_or(99.0);
+
+                let _ = self.controller.set_auto_exposure(false);
+                let ae_off = self.controller.get_auto_exposure().unwrap_or(true);
+                let _ = self.controller.set_iso(400);
+                let iso_400 = self.controller.get_iso().unwrap_or(0);
+                let _ = self.controller.set_shutter_speed(120);
+                let sh_120 = self.controller.get_shutter_speed().unwrap_or(0);
+                let _ = self.controller.set_auto_exposure(true);
+                let ae_on = self.controller.get_auto_exposure().unwrap_or(false);
+
+                let _ = self.controller.set_auto_focus(false);
+                let af_off = self.controller.get_auto_focus().unwrap_or(true);
+                let _ = self.controller.set_focus(60);
+                let f_60 = self.controller.get_focus().unwrap_or(0);
+                let _ = self.controller.set_auto_focus(true);
+                let af_on = self.controller.get_auto_focus().unwrap_or(false);
+
+                let _ = self.controller.set_auto_white_balance(false);
+                let awb_off = self.controller.get_auto_white_balance().unwrap_or(true);
+                let _ = self.controller.set_white_balance_temperature(4200);
+                let wb_4200 = self.controller.get_white_balance_temperature().unwrap_or(0);
+                let _ = self.controller.set_auto_white_balance(true);
+                let awb_on = self.controller.get_auto_white_balance().unwrap_or(false);
+
+                let _ = self.controller.set_brightness(65);
+                let br_65 = self.controller.get_brightness().unwrap_or(0);
+                let _ = self.controller.set_brightness(50);
+
+                let _ = self.controller.set_contrast(65);
+                let ct_65 = self.controller.get_contrast().unwrap_or(0);
+                let _ = self.controller.set_contrast(50);
+
+                let _ = self.controller.set_saturation(65);
+                let sat_65 = self.controller.get_saturation().unwrap_or(0);
+                let _ = self.controller.set_saturation(50);
+
+                let _ = self.controller.set_sharpness(65);
+                let sh_65 = self.controller.get_sharpness().unwrap_or(0);
+                let _ = self.controller.set_sharpness(50);
+
+                let _ = self.controller.set_power_line_frequency(PowerLineFrequency::Hz50);
+                let pl_50 = self.controller.get_power_line_frequency().ok();
+                let _ = self.controller.set_power_line_frequency(PowerLineFrequency::Hz60);
+                let pl_60 = self.controller.get_power_line_frequency().ok();
+
+                let _ = self.controller.set_hdr(true);
+                let hdr_on = self
+                    .controller
+                    .get_extend_function_status()
+                    .unwrap_or_default()
+                    .into_iter()
+                    .find(|(f, _)| *f == insta360_link_protocol::ExtendFunction::Hdr)
+                    .map(|(_, v)| v);
+                let _ = self.controller.set_hdr(false);
+                let hdr_off = self
+                    .controller
+                    .get_extend_function_status()
+                    .unwrap_or_default()
+                    .into_iter()
+                    .find(|(f, _)| *f == insta360_link_protocol::ExtendFunction::Hdr)
+                    .map(|(_, v)| v);
+
+                let _ = self.controller.set_horizontal_mirror(true);
+                let hmir_on = self
+                    .controller
+                    .get_extend_function_status()
+                    .unwrap_or_default()
+                    .into_iter()
+                    .find(|(f, _)| *f == insta360_link_protocol::ExtendFunction::HorizontalMirror)
+                    .map(|(_, v)| v);
+                let _ = self.controller.set_horizontal_mirror(false);
+
+                let _ = self.controller.set_vertical_mirror(true);
+                let vmir_on = self
+                    .controller
+                    .get_extend_function_status()
+                    .unwrap_or_default()
+                    .into_iter()
+                    .find(|(f, _)| *f == insta360_link_protocol::ExtendFunction::VerticalMirror)
+                    .map(|(_, v)| v);
+                let _ = self.controller.set_vertical_mirror(false);
+
+                let _ = self.controller.set_audio_noise_reduction(false);
+                let nr_off = self.controller.get_audio_noise_reduction().ok();
+                let _ = self.controller.set_audio_noise_reduction(true);
+                let nr_on = self.controller.get_audio_noise_reduction().ok();
+
+                let _ = self.controller.set_all_gestures_enabled(true);
+                let _ = self
+                    .controller
+                    .set_gesture_enabled(insta360_link_protocol::Gesture::Palm, true);
+                let gest = self.controller.get_gesture_status().ok();
+
+                println!(
+                    "[GUI-SELF-TEST] Hardware Settings Verified:\n  zoom={z_read}, track_speed=({ts_fast:?} -> {ts_norm:?})\n  AE=({ae_off} -> {ae_on}), EV=({ev_15:.1} -> {ev_0:.1}), ISO={iso_400}, Shutter=1/{sh_120}s\n  AF=({af_off} -> {af_on}), Focus={f_60}, AWB=({awb_off} -> {awb_on}), WB={wb_4200}K\n  Bright={br_65}, Contrast={ct_65}, Sat={sat_65}, Sharp={sh_65}\n  AntiFlicker=({pl_50:?} -> {pl_60:?}), HDR=({hdr_on:?} -> {hdr_off:?})\n  HFlip={hmir_on:?}, VFlip={vmir_on:?}, AudioDenoise=({nr_off:?} -> {nr_on:?}), Gestures={gest:?}"
+                );
+
+                // Switch resolution to 1280x720 to test live resolution switching
+                self.state.format_preset = VideoFormatPreset::Hd720p30;
+                self.video_engine.set_capture_format(1280, 720, 30);
+
+                println!(
+                    "[GUI-SELF-TEST] Step 2: Starting smooth joystick velocity pan(speed=4, dir=1) from pan={:.1} deg, tilt={:.1} deg",
+                    self.state.pan_deg, self.state.tilt_deg
+                );
+                let _ = self.controller.set_pantilt_relative_ext(4, 1, 0, 0);
+                self.state.last_ptz_cmd = (4, 1, 0, 0);
+            } else if self.self_test_step == 2 && elapsed >= 5.2 {
+                self.self_test_step = 3;
+                let _ = self.controller.stop_pantilt_relative();
+                self.state.last_ptz_cmd = (0, 0, 0, 0);
+                if let Ok((p, t)) = self.controller.get_pantilt_absolute() {
+                    self.state.pan_deg = p as f32 / 3600.0;
+                    self.state.tilt_deg = t as f32 / 3600.0;
+                }
+                let out_dir = std::path::Path::new(
+                    "/private/var/folders/xl/56c70fyj1f76mdtmtggl4szr0000gn/T/opencode",
+                );
+                if let Ok(snap_720) = self.video_engine.save_screenshot(out_dir, &self.state) {
+                    println!(
+                        "[GUI-SELF-TEST] Saved 1280x720 screenshot: {}",
+                        snap_720.display()
+                    );
+                }
+                // Restore 1920x1080
+                self.state.format_preset = VideoFormatPreset::Fhd1080p30;
+                self.video_engine.set_capture_format(1920, 1080, 30);
+
+                println!(
+                    "[GUI-SELF-TEST] Step 3: Stopped joystick velocity, new pan={:.1} deg, tilt={:.1} deg; testing Toolbar Mode & activating AI Tracking",
+                    self.state.pan_deg, self.state.tilt_deg
+                );
+                self.state.ui_mode = UiMode::Toolbar;
+                self.set_video_mode(VideoMode::AutoTracking);
+            } else if self.self_test_step == 3 && elapsed >= 6.8 {
+                self.self_test_step = 4;
+                self.state.ui_mode = UiMode::MainWindow;
+                let hw_mode = self.controller.get_video_mode().ok().map(|m| m.0);
+                self.state.pan_deg = 70.0;
+                self.state.tilt_deg = 0.0;
+                println!(
+                    "[GUI-SELF-TEST] Step 4: AI Tracking active (ui_mode={:?}, hw_mode={:?}); switching to DeskView",
+                    self.state.video_mode, hw_mode
+                );
+                self.set_video_mode(VideoMode::DeskView);
+            } else if self.self_test_step == 4 && elapsed >= 8.8 {
+                self.self_test_step = 5;
+                let hw_mode = self.controller.get_video_mode().ok().map(|m| m.0);
+                println!(
+                    "[GUI-SELF-TEST] Step 5: DeskView active (hw_mode={:?}); restoring Normal mode and (pan=70 deg, tilt=0 deg)",
+                    hw_mode
+                );
+                self.set_video_mode(VideoMode::Normal);
+            } else if self.self_test_step == 5 && elapsed >= 11.5 {
+                self.self_test_step = 6;
+                if let Ok((p, t)) = self.controller.get_pantilt_absolute() {
+                    self.state.pan_deg = p as f32 / 3600.0;
+                    self.state.tilt_deg = t as f32 / 3600.0;
+                }
+                if let Ok(path) = self.video_engine.save_screenshot(
+                    std::path::Path::new(
+                        "/private/var/folders/xl/56c70fyj1f76mdtmtggl4szr0000gn/T/opencode",
+                    ),
+                    &self.state,
+                ) {
+                    println!(
+                        "[GUI-SELF-TEST] Step 6: Restored pan={:.1} deg, tilt={:.1} deg; saved final live GUI video frame to {}",
+                        self.state.pan_deg,
+                        self.state.tilt_deg,
+                        path.display()
+                    );
+                }
+                println!("[GUI-SELF-TEST] ALL GUI HARDWARE INTERACTION STEPS PASSED");
+                ctx.send_viewport_cmd(egui::ViewportCommand::Close);
+            }
+        }
+
+        let theme = apply_ins_theme(ctx, self.state.is_light_mode);
+
+        match self.state.ui_mode {
+            UiMode::MainWindow => {
+                // Top Bar (TopBarWin.qml - 44px height, theme.bg01)
+                self.render_top_bar(ctx, &theme);
+
+                // Right Sidebar Settings Panel (292px fixed width, theme.bg01)
+                egui::SidePanel::right("ins_right_settings")
+                    .exact_width(292.0_f32)
+                    .resizable(false)
+                    .frame(
+                        egui::Frame::none()
+                            .fill(theme.bg01)
+                            .inner_margin(Margin {
+                                left: 8.0_f32,
+                                right: 8.0_f32,
+                                top: 0.0_f32,
+                                bottom: 8.0_f32,
+                            }),
+                    )
+                    .show(ctx, |ui| {
+                        render_right_settings_panel(
+                            ui,
+                            ctx,
+                            &mut self.state,
+                            &mut self.controller,
+                            &self.video_engine,
+                            &theme,
+                        );
+                    });
+
+                // Central Panel: Video Preview Area + 66px Bottom Control Bar in a theme.bg02 container
+                egui::CentralPanel::default()
+                    .frame(
+                        egui::Frame::none()
+                            .fill(theme.bg01)
+                            .inner_margin(Margin::same(8.0_f32)),
+                    )
+                    .show(ctx, |ui| {
+                        egui::Frame::none()
+                            .fill(theme.bg02)
+                            .rounding(Rounding::same(8.0_f32))
+                            .show(ui, |ui| {
+                                let total_size = ui.available_size();
+                                let bottom_bar_height = 66.0_f32;
+                                let preview_height =
+                                    (total_size.y - bottom_bar_height).max(100.0_f32);
+
+                                // Video preview area
+                                ui.allocate_ui(
+                                    egui::vec2(total_size.x, preview_height),
+                                    |ui| {
+                                        self.render_preview_area(ui, ctx, &theme);
+                                    },
+                                );
+
+                                // Bottom mode & recording bar
+                                ui.allocate_ui(
+                                    egui::vec2(total_size.x, bottom_bar_height),
+                                    |ui| {
+                                        self.render_bottom_control_bar(ui, &theme);
+                                    },
+                                );
+                            });
+                    });
+            }
+            UiMode::Toolbar => {
+                // Compact Floating Toolbar Mode (Toolbar.qml)
+                self.render_toolbar_mode(ctx, &theme);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Popups and modals
+        self.render_modals(ctx, &theme);
+    }
+}
+
+fn main() -> eframe::Result<()> {
+    tracing_subscriber::fmt::init();
+
+    // Matching webcam.qml: width: 1440, height: 714, minimumWidth: 1120, minimumHeight: 536
+    let native_options = eframe::NativeOptions {
+        viewport: egui::ViewportBuilder::default()
+            .with_inner_size([1440.0_f32, 714.0_f32])
+            .with_min_inner_size([1120.0_f32, 536.0_f32])
+            .with_title("Insta360 Link Controller"),
+        ..Default::default()
+    };
+
+    eframe::run_native(
+        "Insta360 Link Controller",
+        native_options,
+        Box::new(|cc| Ok(Box::new(Insta360App::new(cc)))),
+    )
+}
diff --git a/crates/insta360-link-gui/src/right_panel.rs b/crates/insta360-link-gui/src/right_panel.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a0163ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/insta360-link-gui/src/right_panel.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,1865 @@
+use egui::{
+    Align, Align2, Color32, Context, FontId, Grid, Layout, Pos2, Rect, RichText, Rounding,
+    ScrollArea, Sense, Stroke, TextEdit, Ui, Vec2,
+};
+use insta360_link_protocol::{
+    AudioCaptureMode, CameraModel, CompositionStyle, ExposureCurve, FilterMode, HostPtzInfo,
+    ImageOperation, Insta360CameraController, PowerLineFrequency, TrackSpeed, UvcControlTransport,
+    Gesture,
+};
+
+use crate::state::{
+    BackgroundEffectMode, CameraAppState, ColorPresetSlot, PtzPresetSlot, RightSidebarTab,
+    ISO_LIST, SHUTTER_DENOM_LIST,
+};
+use crate::theme::{
+    ins_card, ins_checkbox_row, ins_section_header, ins_slider_f32, ins_slider_i32,
+    ins_switch_row, ins_tab_button, InsTheme,
+};
+use crate::video_engine::VideoPreviewEngine;
+
+/// Evaluates a smooth Hermite spline through monotonic control points normalized to [0..1].
+fn evaluate_spline(points: &[(f32, f32)], t: f32) -> f32 {
+    if points.is_empty() {
+        return t;
+    }
+    if points.len() == 1 {
+        return points[0].1;
+    }
+    if t <= points[0].0 {
+        return points[0].1;
+    }
+    if t >= points[points.len() - 1].0 {
+        return points[points.len() - 1].1;
+    }
+    for i in 0..points.len() - 1 {
+        let p0 = points[i];
+        let p1 = points[i + 1];
+        if t >= p0.0 && t <= p1.0 {
+            let span = p1.0 - p0.0;
+            if span.abs() < 1e-5 {
+                return p0.1;
+            }
+            let alpha = (t - p0.0) / span;
+            let s = alpha * alpha * (3.0_f32 - 2.0_f32 * alpha);
+            return p0.1 + s * (p1.1 - p0.1);
+        }
+    }
+    t
+}
+
+/// Constructs a 128-point hardware ExposureCurve payload from spline points.
+fn build_exposure_curve(points: &[(f32, f32)], mode: u8, iso: u16) -> ExposureCurve {
+    let mut curve_points = Vec::with_capacity(128);
+    for i in 0..128 {
+        let t = i as f32 / 127.0_f32;
+        let val = evaluate_spline(points, t).clamp(0.0_f32, 1.0_f32);
+        curve_points.push((val * 255.0_f32) as u16);
+    }
+    ExposureCurve {
+        mode,
+        iso,
+        points: curve_points,
+    }
+}
+
+/// Renders the exact 284px right-hand sidebar (`Settings.qml`) and its 3 tabs
+/// (`View`, `Effects`, `More`) of the official Insta360 Link Controller v2.0.2 desktop app.
+pub fn render_right_settings_panel<T: UvcControlTransport>(
+    ui: &mut Ui,
+    ctx: &Context,
+    state: &mut CameraAppState,
+    ctrl: &mut Insta360CameraController<T>,
+    video: &VideoPreviewEngine,
+    theme: &InsTheme,
+) {
+    ui.set_width(284.0_f32);
+
+    // ========================================================================
+    // 1. Top Tab Bar (`Settings.qml`)
+    // ========================================================================
+    let tab_bar_rect = ui.allocate_space(Vec2::new(ui.available_width(), 40.0_f32)).1;
+    ui.painter().rect_filled(tab_bar_rect, Rounding::same(8.0_f32), theme.bg02);
+
+    let tab_w = ((tab_bar_rect.width() - 16.0_f32) / 3.0_f32).max(10.0_f32);
+    let mut tab_ui = ui.new_child(egui::UiBuilder::new().max_rect(tab_bar_rect));
+    tab_ui.horizontal(|ui| {
+        ui.add_space(4.0_f32);
+        if ins_tab_button(ui, "View", state.right_tab == RightSidebarTab::View, tab_w, theme) {
+            state.right_tab = RightSidebarTab::View;
+        }
+        if ins_tab_button(ui, "Effects", state.right_tab == RightSidebarTab::Effects, tab_w, theme) {
+            state.right_tab = RightSidebarTab::Effects;
+        }
+        if ins_tab_button(ui, "More", state.right_tab == RightSidebarTab::More, tab_w, theme) {
+            state.right_tab = RightSidebarTab::More;
+        }
+    });
+
+    ui.add_space(8.0_f32);
+
+    // ========================================================================
+    // 2. Scrollable Tab Content (`ScrollArea::vertical()`)
+    // ========================================================================
+    ScrollArea::vertical()
+        .auto_shrink([false, false])
+        .show(ui, |ui| match state.right_tab {
+            RightSidebarTab::View => render_view_tab(ui, ctx, state, ctrl, video, theme),
+            RightSidebarTab::Effects => render_effects_tab(ui, ctx, state, ctrl, video, theme),
+            RightSidebarTab::More => render_more_tab(ui, state, ctrl, theme),
+        });
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Tab 1: `RightSidebarTab::View` (`PTZControl.qml`)
+// ============================================================================
+fn render_view_tab<T: UvcControlTransport>(
+    ui: &mut Ui,
+    _ctx: &Context,
+    state: &mut CameraAppState,
+    ctrl: &mut Insta360CameraController<T>,
+    _video: &VideoPreviewEngine,
+    theme: &InsTheme,
+) {
+    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Card 1: `View Adjustment`
+    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    ins_card(ui, theme, |ui| {
+        if ins_section_header(ui, "View Adjustment", theme, Some("Center gimbal & reset zoom")) {
+            state.pan_deg = 0.0_f32;
+            state.tilt_deg = 0.0_f32;
+            state.zoom_x = 1.0_f32;
+            state.host_ptz_x = 0.5_f32;
+            state.host_ptz_y = 0.5_f32;
+            let _ = ctrl.reset_gimbal();
+            let _ = ctrl.set_zoom(100);
+        }
+
+        ui.add_space(6.0_f32);
+
+        ui.horizontal(|ui| {
+            // Left Side: Joystick D-Pad (Link / Link 2) or Digital Viewport Crop Box (Link 2C)
+            if ctrl.capabilities().support_ptz_drag {
+                render_joystick_pad(ui, state, ctrl, theme);
+            } else {
+                render_viewport_crop_box(ui, state, ctrl, theme);
+            }
+
+            ui.add_space(10.0_f32);
+
+            // Right Side: Vertical Zoom Rocker (`DefAdjustment.qml`)
+            render_zoom_rocker(ui, state, ctrl, theme);
+        });
+    });
+
+    ui.add_space(10.0_f32);
+
+    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Card 2: `Tracking Settings` / `Framing Settings`
+    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    ins_card(ui, theme, |ui| {
+        let title = if ctrl.capabilities().support_ptz_drag {
+            "Tracking Settings"
+        } else {
+            "Framing Settings"
+        };
+        ins_section_header(ui, title, theme, None);
+
+        ui.add_space(6.0_f32);
+
+        // Pause-Track Area row
+        if ctrl.capabilities().support_area_track {
+            ui.horizontal(|ui| {
+                ui.label(RichText::new("Pause-Track Area").size(13.0_f32).color(theme.text01));
+                ui.with_layout(Layout::right_to_left(Align::Center), |ui| {
+                    let btn_text = if state.show_pause_track_overlay {
+                        "Editing..."
+                    } else {
+                        "Set"
+                    };
+                    let btn_color = if state.show_pause_track_overlay {
+                        theme.brand_green
+                    } else {
+                        theme.text01
+                    };
+                    if ui.button(RichText::new(btn_text).size(12.0_f32).color(btn_color)).clicked() {
+                        state.show_pause_track_overlay = !state.show_pause_track_overlay;
+                        if state.show_pause_track_overlay {
+                            let _ = ctrl.enter_track_forbidden_area_setting();
+                        } else {
+                            let _ = ctrl.exit_track_forbidden_area_setting();
+                        }
+                    }
+                });
+            });
+            ui.add_space(6.0_f32);
+        }
+
+        // Tracking Speed row
+        if ctrl.capabilities().support_track_speed {
+            ui.horizontal(|ui| {
+                ui.label(RichText::new("Tracking Speed").size(13.0_f32).color(theme.text01));
+                ui.with_layout(Layout::right_to_left(Align::Center), |ui| {
+                    let cur_label = match state.track_speed {
+                        TrackSpeed::Fast => "Quick",
+                        TrackSpeed::Normal => "Ordinary",
+                        TrackSpeed::Slow => "Slow",
+                    };
+                    egui::ComboBox::from_id_salt("tracking_speed_combo")
+                        .selected_text(cur_label)
+                        .show_ui(ui, |ui| {
+                            if ui.selectable_value(&mut state.track_speed, TrackSpeed::Fast, "Quick").clicked() {
+                                let _ = ctrl.set_track_speed(TrackSpeed::Fast);
+                            }
+                            if ui.selectable_value(&mut state.track_speed, TrackSpeed::Normal, "Ordinary").clicked() {
+                                let _ = ctrl.set_track_speed(TrackSpeed::Normal);
+                            }
+                            if ui.selectable_value(&mut state.track_speed, TrackSpeed::Slow, "Slow").clicked() {
+                                let _ = ctrl.set_track_speed(TrackSpeed::Slow);
+                            }
+                        });
+                });
+            });
+            ui.add_space(6.0_f32);
+        }
+
+        // Touch Key AI Tracking switch row (Link 1 only)
+        if ctrl.model() == CameraModel::Link {
+            if ins_switch_row(
+                ui,
+                "Touch Key AI Tracking",
+                Some("Tap the Touch once to enter/exit AI Tracking"),
+                &mut state.enable_single_tap_tracking,
+                true,
+                theme,
+            ) {
+                let _ = ctrl.set_single_tap_tracking_enabled(state.enable_single_tap_tracking);
+            }
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Tab 2: `RightSidebarTab::Effects` (`ImageAdjust.qml`)
+// ============================================================================
+fn render_effects_tab<T: UvcControlTransport>(
+    ui: &mut Ui,
+    ctx: &Context,
+    state: &mut CameraAppState,
+    ctrl: &mut Insta360CameraController<T>,
+    video: &VideoPreviewEngine,
+    theme: &InsTheme,
+) {
+    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Card 1: `Color` (`ImageScreen.qml`)
+    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    ins_card(ui, theme, |ui| {
+        if ins_section_header(ui, "Color", theme, Some("Reset color settings")) {
+            state.auto_exposure = true;
+            state.ev_compensation = 0.0_f32;
+            state.auto_focus = true;
+            state.auto_white_balance = true;
+            state.wb_kelvin = 5000;
+            state.brightness = 50;
+            state.contrast = 50;
+            state.saturation = 50;
+            state.sharpness = 50;
+            state.hdr_enabled = false;
+            state.spline_points = vec![
+                (0.0_f32, 0.0_f32),
+                (0.33_f32, 0.33_f32),
+                (0.67_f32, 0.67_f32),
+                (1.0_f32, 1.0_f32),
+            ];
+
+            let _ = ctrl.set_auto_exposure(true);
+            let _ = ctrl.set_exposure_compensation(0.0_f32);
+            let _ = ctrl.set_auto_focus(true);
+            let _ = ctrl.set_auto_white_balance(true);
+            let _ = ctrl.set_white_balance_temperature(5000);
+            let _ = ctrl.set_brightness(50);
+            let _ = ctrl.set_contrast(50);
+            let _ = ctrl.set_saturation(50);
+            let _ = ctrl.set_sharpness(50);
+            let _ = ctrl.set_hdr(false);
+            let curve = build_exposure_curve(&state.spline_points, 1, 100);
+            let _ = ctrl.set_exposure_curve(&curve);
+        }
+
+        ui.add_space(6.0_f32);
+
+        // Exposure switch row
+        if ins_switch_row(
+            ui,
+            "Exposure",
+            Some("Auto Exposure (disabled when HDR is on)"),
+            &mut state.auto_exposure,
+            !state.hdr_enabled,
+            theme,
+        ) {
+            let _ = ctrl.set_auto_exposure(state.auto_exposure);
+        }
+
+        if state.auto_exposure {
+            if ins_slider_f32(
+                ui,
+                Some("Exposure Compensation"),
+                &mut state.ev_compensation,
+                -3.0_f32,
+                3.0_f32,
+                0.3_f32,
+                1,
+                "EV",
+                !state.hdr_enabled,
+                theme,
+            ) {
+                let _ = ctrl.set_exposure_compensation(state.ev_compensation);
+            }
+        } else {
+            // ISO Slider
+            let mut iso_idx = state.iso_index as i32;
+            let iso_suffix = format!(" ({})", ISO_LIST.get(state.iso_index).copied().unwrap_or(100));
+            if ins_slider_i32(ui, Some("ISO"), &mut iso_idx, 0, 15, &iso_suffix, true, theme) {
+                state.iso_index = iso_idx as usize;
+                if let Some(&iso_val) = ISO_LIST.get(state.iso_index) {
+                    let _ = ctrl.set_iso(iso_val);
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Shutter Slider
+            let mut shutter_idx = state.shutter_index as i32;
+            let shutter_suffix = format!(
+                " (1/{}s)",
+                SHUTTER_DENOM_LIST.get(state.shutter_index).copied().unwrap_or(100)
+            );
+            if ins_slider_i32(ui, Some("Shutter"), &mut shutter_idx, 0, 19, &shutter_suffix, true, theme) {
+                state.shutter_index = shutter_idx as usize;
+                if let Some(&shutter_denom) = SHUTTER_DENOM_LIST.get(state.shutter_index) {
+                    let _ = ctrl.set_shutter_speed(shutter_denom);
+                }
+            }
+
+            ui.add_space(6.0_f32);
+
+            // Exposure Curve (`DefSplineCanvas.qml`)
+            render_exposure_curve_canvas(ui, state, ctrl, theme);
+        }
+
+        ui.add_space(6.0_f32);
+
+        // Auto Focus switch row
+        if ins_switch_row(ui, "Auto Focus", None, &mut state.auto_focus, true, theme) {
+            let _ = ctrl.set_auto_focus(state.auto_focus);
+        }
+        if !state.auto_focus {
+            let mut focus_val = state.manual_focus as i32;
+            if ins_slider_i32(ui, Some("Focus"), &mut focus_val, 0, 100, "%", true, theme) {
+                state.manual_focus = focus_val as u16;
+                let _ = ctrl.set_focus(state.manual_focus);
+            }
+        }
+
+        ui.add_space(6.0_f32);
+
+        // White Balance switch row
+        if ins_switch_row(ui, "White Balance", None, &mut state.auto_white_balance, true, theme) {
+            let _ = ctrl.set_auto_white_balance(state.auto_white_balance);
+        }
+        if !state.auto_white_balance {
+            let mut wb_val = state.wb_kelvin as i32;
+            if ins_slider_i32(ui, Some("Temperature"), &mut wb_val, 2000, 10000, "K", true, theme) {
+                state.wb_kelvin = wb_val as u16;
+                let _ = ctrl.set_white_balance_temperature(state.wb_kelvin);
+            }
+        }
+
+        ui.add_space(6.0_f32);
+
+        // More Color Section (Link 1 always shows; Link 2/2C collapsible)
+        let show_more = ctrl.model() == CameraModel::Link || state.open_more_color;
+        if show_more {
+            let mut br_val = state.brightness as i32;
+            if ins_slider_i32(ui, Some("Brightness"), &mut br_val, 0, 100, "%", true, theme) {
+                state.brightness = br_val as i16;
+                let _ = ctrl.set_brightness(state.brightness);
+            }
+
+            let mut ct_val = state.contrast as i32;
+            if ins_slider_i32(ui, Some("Contrast"), &mut ct_val, 0, 100, "%", true, theme) {
+                state.contrast = ct_val as u16;
+                let _ = ctrl.set_contrast(state.contrast);
+            }
+
+            let mut sat_val = state.saturation as i32;
+            if ins_slider_i32(ui, Some("Saturation"), &mut sat_val, 0, 100, "%", true, theme) {
+                state.saturation = sat_val as u16;
+                let _ = ctrl.set_saturation(state.saturation);
+            }
+
+            let mut sh_val = state.sharpness as i32;
+            if ins_slider_i32(ui, Some("Sharpness"), &mut sh_val, 0, 100, "%", true, theme) {
+                state.sharpness = sh_val as u16;
+                let _ = ctrl.set_sharpness(state.sharpness);
+            }
+
+            if ins_switch_row(
+                ui,
+                "HDR",
+                Some("Currently not supported at 4K 50/60fps"),
+                &mut state.hdr_enabled,
+                true,
+                theme,
+            ) {
+                let _ = ctrl.set_hdr(state.hdr_enabled);
+                if let Ok(ae) = ctrl.get_auto_exposure() {
+                    state.auto_exposure = ae;
+                }
+                if state.auto_exposure {
+                    if let Ok(ev) = ctrl.get_exposure_compensation() {
+                        state.ev_compensation = ev;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    if let Ok(iso) = ctrl.get_iso() {
+                        if let Some(idx) = ISO_LIST.iter().position(|&v| v == iso) {
+                            state.iso_index = idx;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if let Ok(shutter) = ctrl.get_shutter_speed() {
+                        if let Some(idx) = SHUTTER_DENOM_LIST.iter().position(|&v| v == shutter) {
+                            state.shutter_index = idx;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Anti-Flicker combo
+            ui.horizontal(|ui| {
+                ui.label(RichText::new("Anti-Flicker").size(13.0_f32).color(theme.text01));
+                ui.with_layout(Layout::right_to_left(Align::Center), |ui| {
+                    let cur_label = match state.anti_flicker {
+                        PowerLineFrequency::Auto => "Auto",
+                        PowerLineFrequency::Hz50 => "50Hz",
+                        PowerLineFrequency::Hz60 => "60Hz",
+                        PowerLineFrequency::Disabled => "Off",
+                    };
+                    egui::ComboBox::from_id_salt("anti_flicker_combo")
+                        .selected_text(cur_label)
+                        .show_ui(ui, |ui| {
+                            if ui.selectable_value(&mut state.anti_flicker, PowerLineFrequency::Auto, "Auto").clicked() {
+                                let _ = ctrl.set_power_line_frequency(PowerLineFrequency::Auto);
+                            }
+                            if ui.selectable_value(&mut state.anti_flicker, PowerLineFrequency::Hz50, "50Hz").clicked() {
+                                let _ = ctrl.set_power_line_frequency(PowerLineFrequency::Hz50);
+                            }
+                            if ui.selectable_value(&mut state.anti_flicker, PowerLineFrequency::Hz60, "60Hz").clicked() {
+                                let _ = ctrl.set_power_line_frequency(PowerLineFrequency::Hz60);
+                            }
+                        });
+                });
+            });
+
+            if ctrl.model() == CameraModel::Link {
+                if ins_switch_row(
+                    ui,
+                    "Save Startup Parameters",
+                    None,
+                    &mut state.startup_params_enabled,
+                    true,
+                    theme,
+                ) {
+                    let _ = ctrl.set_startup_params_enabled(state.startup_params_enabled);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if ctrl.model() != CameraModel::Link {
+            ui.add_space(4.0_f32);
+            ui.vertical_centered(|ui| {
+                let label = if state.open_more_color {
+                    "Collapse ▴"
+                } else {
+                    "Show ▾"
+                };
+                if ui.button(RichText::new(label).size(12.0_f32).color(theme.text02)).clicked() {
+                    state.open_more_color = !state.open_more_color;
+                }
+            });
+        }
+
+        // Color Presets Grid (`right_img_color_preset`)
+        if ctrl.capabilities().support_image_template {
+            ui.add_space(8.0_f32);
+            ui.separator();
+            ui.add_space(6.0_f32);
+            render_color_presets(ui, ctx, state, ctrl, video, theme);
+        }
+    });
+
+    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Card 2: `Background` (`ImageBackground.qml`) (Link 2 / Link 2C only)
+    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    if ctrl.model() != CameraModel::Link {
+        ui.add_space(10.0_f32);
+        ins_card(ui, theme, |ui| {
+            ins_section_header(ui, "Background", theme, None);
+            ui.add_space(6.0_f32);
+
+            let modes = [
+                (BackgroundEffectMode::None, "⊘", "None"),
+                (BackgroundEffectMode::StandardBlur, "💧", "Blur"),
+                (BackgroundEffectMode::NaturalBokeh, "✨", "Bokeh"),
+                (BackgroundEffectMode::CustomImage(0), "🖼", "Office"),
+            ];
+
+            ui.horizontal(|ui| {
+                for (mode, icon, label) in modes {
+                    let is_active = state.background_mode == mode;
+                    let (rect, response) = ui.allocate_exact_size(Vec2::splat(52.0_f32), Sense::click());
+                    let stroke = if is_active {
+                        Stroke::new(2.0_f32, theme.brand_green)
+                    } else if response.hovered() {
+                        Stroke::new(1.0_f32, theme.text02)
+                    } else {
+                        Stroke::new(1.0_f32, theme.border02)
+                    };
+                    ui.painter().rect_filled(rect, Rounding::same(8.0_f32), theme.bg03);
+                    ui.painter().rect_stroke(rect, Rounding::same(8.0_f32), stroke);
+
+                    ui.painter().text(
+                        Pos2::new(rect.center().x, rect.center().y - 8.0_f32),
+                        Align2::CENTER_CENTER,
+                        icon,
+                        FontId::proportional(18.0_f32),
+                        if is_active { theme.brand_green } else { theme.text01 },
+                    );
+                    ui.painter().text(
+                        Pos2::new(rect.center().x, rect.center().y + 14.0_f32),
+                        Align2::CENTER_CENTER,
+                        label,
+                        FontId::proportional(10.5_f32),
+                        if is_active { theme.brand_green } else { theme.text02 },
+                    );
+
+                    if response.clicked() {
+                        state.background_mode = mode;
+                    }
+                }
+            });
+
+            if matches!(
+                state.background_mode,
+                BackgroundEffectMode::StandardBlur | BackgroundEffectMode::NaturalBokeh
+            ) {
+                ui.add_space(8.0_f32);
+                let mut blur_val = state.blur_intensity as i32;
+                if ins_slider_i32(ui, Some("Intensity"), &mut blur_val, 0, 100, "%", true, theme) {
+                    state.blur_intensity = blur_val as u8;
+                }
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Card 3: `Makeup` (`ImageBeauty.qml`) (Link 2 / Link 2C only)
+    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    if ctrl.model() != CameraModel::Link {
+        ui.add_space(10.0_f32);
+        ins_card(ui, theme, |ui| {
+            if ins_switch_row(ui, "Makeup & Retouch", None, &mut state.makeup_enabled, true, theme) {
+                // Toggled
+            }
+            if state.makeup_enabled {
+                ui.add_space(6.0_f32);
+                let mut makeup_val = state.makeup_intensity as i32;
+                if ins_slider_i32(ui, Some("Intensity"), &mut makeup_val, 0, 100, "%", true, theme) {
+                    state.makeup_intensity = makeup_val as u8;
+                }
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Card 4: `Filter` (`ImageFilter.qml`) (Link 2 / Link 2C only)
+    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    if ctrl.model() != CameraModel::Link {
+        ui.add_space(10.0_f32);
+        ins_card(ui, theme, |ui| {
+            ins_section_header(ui, "Filter", theme, None);
+            ui.add_space(6.0_f32);
+
+            const FILTERS: [(FilterMode, &str); 9] = [
+                (FilterMode::None, "None"),
+                (FilterMode::Style1, "Neon"),
+                (FilterMode::Style2, "Vintage1"),
+                (FilterMode::Amber, "Vintage2"),
+                (FilterMode::Film1, "Daylight"),
+                (FilterMode::Fresh, "Clear"),
+                (FilterMode::Film2, "Portrait"),
+                (FilterMode::Cool, "Cool"),
+                (FilterMode::Warm, "Warm"),
+            ];
+
+            Grid::new("filter_tiles_grid")
+                .spacing([8.0_f32, 8.0_f32])
+                .show(ui, |ui| {
+                    let mut col = 0;
+                    for (mode, label) in FILTERS {
+                        let is_active = state.filter_mode == mode;
+                        let (rect, response) = ui.allocate_exact_size(Vec2::new(52.0_f32, 68.0_f32), Sense::click());
+                        let thumb_rect = Rect::from_min_size(rect.min, Vec2::new(52.0_f32, 50.0_f32));
+
+                        let stroke = if is_active {
+                            Stroke::new(2.0_f32, theme.brand_green)
+                        } else if response.hovered() {
+                            Stroke::new(1.0_f32, theme.text02)
+                        } else {
+                            Stroke::new(1.0_f32, theme.border02)
+                        };
+
+                        let (c1, c2) = match mode {
+                            FilterMode::None => (Color32::from_rgb(80, 80, 80), Color32::from_rgb(60, 60, 60)),
+                            FilterMode::Style1 => (Color32::from_rgb(255, 60, 180), Color32::from_rgb(0, 220, 255)),
+                            FilterMode::Style2 => (Color32::from_rgb(210, 160, 100), Color32::from_rgb(140, 90, 50)),
+                            FilterMode::Amber => (Color32::from_rgb(255, 170, 40), Color32::from_rgb(180, 90, 20)),
+                            FilterMode::Film1 => (Color32::from_rgb(255, 230, 150), Color32::from_rgb(100, 180, 240)),
+                            FilterMode::Fresh => (Color32::from_rgb(130, 230, 200), Color32::from_rgb(70, 160, 200)),
+                            FilterMode::Film2 => (Color32::from_rgb(255, 190, 180), Color32::from_rgb(200, 130, 150)),
+                            FilterMode::Cool => (Color32::from_rgb(80, 160, 255), Color32::from_rgb(40, 80, 180)),
+                            FilterMode::Warm => (Color32::from_rgb(255, 140, 60), Color32::from_rgb(200, 70, 30)),
+                        };
+
+                        ui.painter().rect_filled(thumb_rect, Rounding::same(6.0_f32), c1);
+                        let sub_rect = Rect::from_min_max(
+                            Pos2::new(thumb_rect.left(), thumb_rect.center().y),
+                            thumb_rect.max,
+                        );
+                        ui.painter().rect_filled(sub_rect, Rounding::same(6.0_f32), c2);
+                        ui.painter().rect_stroke(thumb_rect, Rounding::same(6.0_f32), stroke);
+
+                        ui.painter().text(
+                            Pos2::new(rect.center().x, rect.max.y - 8.0_f32),
+                            Align2::CENTER_CENTER,
+                            label,
+                            FontId::proportional(10.5_f32),
+                            if is_active { theme.brand_green } else { theme.text02 },
+                        );
+
+                        if response.clicked() {
+                            state.filter_mode = mode;
+                            let _ = ctrl.set_filter(mode);
+                        }
+
+                        col += 1;
+                        if col % 4 == 0 {
+                            ui.end_row();
+                        }
+                    }
+                });
+        });
+    }
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Tab 3: `RightSidebarTab::More` (`MoreSettings.qml`)
+// ============================================================================
+fn render_more_tab<T: UvcControlTransport>(
+    ui: &mut Ui,
+    state: &mut CameraAppState,
+    ctrl: &mut Insta360CameraController<T>,
+    theme: &InsTheme,
+) {
+    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Card 1: `Gesture`
+    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    ins_card(ui, theme, |ui| {
+        if ins_switch_row(ui, "Gesture", None, &mut state.enable_all_gestures, true, theme) {
+            let _ = ctrl.set_all_gestures_enabled(state.enable_all_gestures);
+        }
+
+        ui.add_space(4.0_f32);
+
+        let tracking_label = if ctrl.capabilities().support_ptz_drag {
+            "AI Tracking"
+        } else {
+            "Auto Framing"
+        };
+        if ins_checkbox_row(
+            ui,
+            tracking_label,
+            Some("✋"),
+            None,
+            &mut state.use_gesture_palm,
+            state.enable_all_gestures,
+            theme,
+        ) {
+            let _ = ctrl.set_gesture_enabled(Gesture::Palm, state.use_gesture_palm);
+        }
+
+        if ins_checkbox_row(
+            ui,
+            "Whiteboard",
+            Some("✌"),
+            None,
+            &mut state.use_gesture_v,
+            state.enable_all_gestures,
+            theme,
+        ) {
+            let _ = ctrl.set_gesture_enabled(Gesture::VShape, state.use_gesture_v);
+        }
+
+        if ins_checkbox_row(
+            ui,
+            "Zoom",
+            Some("👆"),
+            None,
+            &mut state.use_gesture_l,
+            state.enable_all_gestures,
+            theme,
+        ) {
+            let _ = ctrl.set_gesture_enabled(Gesture::LShape, state.use_gesture_l);
+        }
+    });
+
+    ui.add_space(10.0_f32);
+
+    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Card 2: `Audio Mode`
+    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    ins_card(ui, theme, |ui| {
+        ins_section_header(ui, "Audio Mode", theme, None);
+        ui.add_space(6.0_f32);
+
+        if ctrl.capabilities().support_audio_capture_mode {
+            let mut modes = vec![
+                (AudioCaptureMode::VoiceFocus, "Voice Focus"),
+                (AudioCaptureMode::VoiceSuppression, "Voice Suppression"),
+                (AudioCaptureMode::MusicBalance, "Music Balance"),
+            ];
+            if ctrl.capabilities().support_sound_wall {
+                modes.push((AudioCaptureMode::SoundWall, "Sound Wall"));
+            }
+
+            for (mode, label) in modes {
+                let is_selected = state.audio_capture_mode == mode;
+                let (rect, response) = ui.allocate_exact_size(Vec2::new(ui.available_width(), 24.0_f32), Sense::click());
+
+                ui.painter().text(
+                    Pos2::new(rect.left(), rect.center().y),
+                    Align2::LEFT_CENTER,
+                    label,
+                    FontId::proportional(13.0_f32),
+                    if is_selected { theme.text01 } else { theme.text02 },
+                );
+
+                let radio_center = Pos2::new(rect.right() - 10.0_f32, rect.center().y);
+                if is_selected {
+                    ui.painter().circle_stroke(radio_center, 7.0_f32, Stroke::new(1.5_f32, theme.brand_green));
+                    ui.painter().circle_filled(radio_center, 4.0_f32, theme.brand_green);
+                } else {
+                    ui.painter().circle_stroke(radio_center, 7.0_f32, Stroke::new(1.0_f32, theme.border02));
+                }
+
+                if response.clicked() {
+                    state.audio_capture_mode = mode;
+                    let _ = ctrl.set_audio_capture_mode(mode);
+                }
+            }
+        } else if ins_switch_row(
+            ui,
+            "AI Audio Noise Reduction",
+            None,
+            &mut state.audio_denoise,
+            true,
+            theme,
+        ) {
+            let _ = ctrl.set_audio_noise_reduction(state.audio_denoise);
+        }
+    });
+
+    ui.add_space(10.0_f32);
+
+    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Card 3: `Other Settings`
+    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    ins_card(ui, theme, |ui| {
+        ins_section_header(ui, "Other Settings", theme, None);
+        ui.add_space(6.0_f32);
+
+        if ins_checkbox_row(ui, "Horizontal Flip", None, None, &mut state.horizontal_mirror, true, theme) {
+            let _ = ctrl.set_horizontal_mirror(state.horizontal_mirror);
+        }
+
+        if ctrl.capabilities().support_mirror_vertically {
+            if ins_checkbox_row(ui, "Vertical Flip", None, None, &mut state.vertical_mirror, true, theme) {
+                let _ = ctrl.set_vertical_mirror(state.vertical_mirror);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if ctrl.capabilities().support_smart_adjustment {
+            if ins_checkbox_row(
+                ui,
+                "Smart Adjustment",
+                None,
+                Some("Automatically search for your head within a small range and adjust to the optimal angle."),
+                &mut state.smart_adjustment,
+                true,
+                theme,
+            ) {
+                let _ = ctrl.set_smart_adjustment(state.smart_adjustment);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if ctrl.capabilities().support_horizontal_correction {
+            let enabled = !state.format_preset.is_4k();
+            if ins_checkbox_row(
+                ui,
+                "Horizontal Correction",
+                None,
+                Some("Keep the horizon level automatically."),
+                &mut state.horizontal_correction,
+                enabled,
+                theme,
+            ) {
+                let _ = ctrl.set_horizontal_correction(state.horizontal_correction);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if ctrl.capabilities().support_roll_adjustment {
+            if ins_slider_f32(
+                ui,
+                Some("Horizontal fine-tuning"),
+                &mut state.roll_deg,
+                -1.0_f32,
+                1.0_f32,
+                0.1_f32,
+                1,
+                "°",
+                true,
+                theme,
+            ) {
+                let _ = ctrl.set_roll((state.roll_deg * 10.0_f32) as i16);
+            }
+        }
+    });
+
+    ui.add_space(10.0_f32);
+
+    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Card 4: `Compatibility Settings`
+    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    ins_card(ui, theme, |ui| {
+        ins_section_header(ui, "Compatibility Settings", theme, None);
+        ui.add_space(6.0_f32);
+
+        if ins_checkbox_row(
+            ui,
+            "Portrait Resolution and High Frame Rate",
+            None,
+            Some("Enable 9:16 portrait resolution output."),
+            &mut state.vertical_resolution_mode,
+            !state.is_recording,
+            theme,
+        ) {
+            let _ = ctrl.set_vertical_screen(state.vertical_resolution_mode);
+            if state.vertical_resolution_mode {
+                state.format_preset = crate::state::VideoFormatPreset::Vertical1080x1920p30;
+            } else {
+                state.format_preset = crate::state::VideoFormatPreset::Fhd1080p30;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if state.vertical_resolution_mode && ctrl.model() == CameraModel::Link {
+            if ins_checkbox_row(
+                ui,
+                "Lock vertical shot",
+                None,
+                Some("Lock gimbal at 90° in vertical shooting mode."),
+                &mut state.forced_vertical_lock,
+                true,
+                theme,
+            ) {
+                let _ = ctrl.set_forced_vertical(state.forced_vertical_lock);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if ctrl.model() != CameraModel::Link {
+            if ins_checkbox_row(
+                ui,
+                "Enable Low Resolution",
+                None,
+                Some("Allow 360p resolution selection."),
+                &mut state.low_resolution_mode,
+                !state.is_recording,
+                theme,
+            ) {
+                let _ = ctrl.set_low_resolution(state.low_resolution_mode);
+                if state.low_resolution_mode {
+                    state.format_preset = crate::state::VideoFormatPreset::Sd360p30;
+                } else {
+                    state.format_preset = crate::state::VideoFormatPreset::Fhd1080p30;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    });
+
+    ui.add_space(10.0_f32);
+
+    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Card 5: `Device Info & Factory Reset`
+    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    ins_card(ui, theme, |ui| {
+        ins_section_header(ui, "Device Info", theme, None);
+        ui.add_space(6.0_f32);
+
+        ui.horizontal(|ui| {
+            ui.label(RichText::new("Firmware version").size(12.0_f32).color(theme.text02));
+            ui.with_layout(Layout::right_to_left(Align::Center), |ui| {
+                ui.label(RichText::new(&state.device_info.firmware_version).size(12.0_f32).color(theme.text01));
+            });
+        });
+        ui.add_space(3.0_f32);
+        ui.horizontal(|ui| {
+            ui.label(RichText::new("Serial number").size(12.0_f32).color(theme.text02));
+            ui.with_layout(Layout::right_to_left(Align::Center), |ui| {
+                ui.label(RichText::new(&state.device_info.serial_number).size(12.0_f32).color(theme.text01));
+            });
+        });
+
+        ui.add_space(10.0_f32);
+        ui.vertical_centered_justified(|ui| {
+            if ui.button(RichText::new("Factory reset").size(13.0_f32).color(theme.text02)).clicked() {
+                state.show_factory_reset_pop = true;
+            }
+        });
+    });
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Specialized Widgets
+// ============================================================================
+
+/// 128×128 Circular Gimbal Joystick / D-Pad (`DefControlPanel.qml`).
+fn render_joystick_pad<T: UvcControlTransport>(
+    ui: &mut Ui,
+    state: &mut CameraAppState,
+    ctrl: &mut Insta360CameraController<T>,
+    theme: &InsTheme,
+) {
+    let (rect, response) = ui.allocate_exact_size(Vec2::splat(128.0_f32), Sense::click_and_drag());
+    let center = rect.center();
+    let painter = ui.painter();
+
+    // Outer circle
+    painter.circle_filled(center, 63.0_f32, theme.bg03);
+    painter.circle_stroke(center, 63.0_f32, Stroke::new(1.0_f32, theme.border02));
+
+    // Inner ring
+    painter.circle_stroke(center, 38.0_f32, Stroke::new(1.0_f32, theme.border02));
+
+    // Directional chevrons
+    let chev_font = FontId::proportional(12.0_f32);
+    painter.text(Pos2::new(center.x, center.y - 48.0_f32), Align2::CENTER_CENTER, "▲", chev_font.clone(), theme.text03);
+    painter.text(Pos2::new(center.x, center.y + 48.0_f32), Align2::CENTER_CENTER, "▼", chev_font.clone(), theme.text03);
+    painter.text(Pos2::new(center.x - 48.0_f32, center.y), Align2::CENTER_CENTER, "◀", chev_font.clone(), theme.text03);
+    painter.text(Pos2::new(center.x + 48.0_f32, center.y), Align2::CENTER_CENTER, "▶", chev_font, theme.text03);
+
+    // Draggable Center Knob with continuous velocity (`DefControlPanel.qml` + `CameraInsta::movePanTilt`)
+    let mut knob_pos = center;
+    let is_holding = response.dragged() || response.is_pointer_button_down_on();
+
+    if is_holding {
+        state.joystick_dragging = true;
+        if let Some(ptr) = response.interact_pointer_pos() {
+            let diff = ptr - center;
+            let offset = if diff.length() > 38.0_f32 {
+                diff.normalized() * 38.0_f32
+            } else {
+                diff
+            };
+            knob_pos = center + offset;
+
+            let deadzone = 8.0_f32;
+            let (pan_speed, pan_dir) = if diff.x.abs() > deadzone {
+                let norm = ((diff.x.abs() - deadzone) / 30.0_f32).clamp(0.0_f32, 1.0_f32);
+                let spd = ((norm * 6.0_f32 + 1.0_f32).round() as u8).clamp(1, 7);
+                let dir = if diff.x > 0.0_f32 { 1i8 } else { -1i8 };
+                (spd, dir)
+            } else {
+                (0u8, 0i8)
+            };
+
+            let (tilt_speed, tilt_dir) = if diff.y.abs() > deadzone {
+                let norm = ((diff.y.abs() - deadzone) / 30.0_f32).clamp(0.0_f32, 1.0_f32);
+                let spd = ((norm * 6.0_f32 + 1.0_f32).round() as u8).clamp(1, 7);
+                // Screen Y < 0 (up) -> tilt_dir = -1 (0xff); Screen Y > 0 (down) -> tilt_dir = 1 (0x01)
+                let dir = if diff.y > 0.0_f32 { 1i8 } else { -1i8 };
+                (spd, dir)
+            } else {
+                (0u8, 0i8)
+            };
+
+            // Update visual preview angles smoothly for simulator
+            state.pan_deg = (state.pan_deg + (pan_dir as f32) * (pan_speed as f32) * 0.12_f32).clamp(-130.0_f32, 130.0_f32);
+            state.tilt_deg = (state.tilt_deg - (tilt_dir as f32) * (tilt_speed as f32) * 0.12_f32).clamp(-90.0_f32, 90.0_f32);
+
+            let cmd = (pan_speed, pan_dir, tilt_speed, tilt_dir);
+            let can_send = state
+                .last_ptz_send_time
+                .map(|t| t.elapsed().as_millis() >= 70)
+                .unwrap_or(true);
+            if cmd != state.last_ptz_cmd && (can_send || cmd == (0, 0, 0, 0)) {
+                state.nudge_stop_at = None;
+                let _ = ctrl.set_pantilt_relative_ext(pan_speed, pan_dir, tilt_speed, tilt_dir);
+                state.last_ptz_cmd = cmd;
+                state.last_ptz_send_time = Some(std::time::Instant::now());
+            }
+        }
+    } else if response.clicked() {
+        // Short click on one of the 4 directional sectors (`DefControlPanel.qml` `addPanTilt`)
+        if let Some(ptr) = response.interact_pointer_pos() {
+            let diff = ptr - center;
+            if diff.length() > 10.0_f32 {
+                let (pan_speed, pan_dir, tilt_speed, tilt_dir) = if diff.x.abs() >= diff.y.abs() {
+                    let dir = if diff.x > 0.0_f32 { 1i8 } else { -1i8 };
+                    state.pan_deg = (state.pan_deg + (dir as f32) * 1.5_f32).clamp(-130.0_f32, 130.0_f32);
+                    (4u8, dir, 0u8, 0i8)
+                } else {
+                    let dir = if diff.y > 0.0_f32 { 1i8 } else { -1i8 };
+                    state.tilt_deg = (state.tilt_deg - (dir as f32) * 1.5_f32).clamp(-90.0_f32, 90.0_f32);
+                    (0u8, 0i8, 4u8, dir)
+                };
+                let _ = ctrl.set_pantilt_relative_ext(pan_speed, pan_dir, tilt_speed, tilt_dir);
+                state.last_ptz_cmd = (pan_speed, pan_dir, tilt_speed, tilt_dir);
+                state.nudge_stop_at =
+                    Some(std::time::Instant::now() + std::time::Duration::from_millis(120));
+            }
+        }
+    } else if state.joystick_dragging {
+        // Released drag: immediately stop gimbal movement (`[0, 1, 0, 1]`)
+        state.joystick_dragging = false;
+        let _ = ctrl.stop_pantilt_relative();
+        state.last_ptz_cmd = (0, 0, 0, 0);
+        if let Ok((pan_arc, tilt_arc)) = ctrl.get_pantilt_absolute() {
+            state.pan_deg = (pan_arc as f32 / 3600.0_f32).clamp(-130.0_f32, 130.0_f32);
+            state.tilt_deg = (tilt_arc as f32 / 3600.0_f32).clamp(-90.0_f32, 90.0_f32);
+        }
+    }
+
+    let knob_stroke = if response.dragged() || response.hovered() {
+        Stroke::new(1.5_f32, theme.brand_green)
+    } else {
+        Stroke::new(1.0_f32, theme.border02)
+    };
+    painter.circle_filled(knob_pos, 20.0_f32, theme.bg04);
+    painter.circle_stroke(knob_pos, 20.0_f32, knob_stroke);
+    painter.circle_filled(knob_pos, 3.0_f32, if response.dragged() { theme.brand_green } else { theme.text03 });
+}
+
+/// 168×128 Viewport Crop Box (`bottomPic` / `selectPic`) for Link 2C fixed lens.
+fn render_viewport_crop_box<T: UvcControlTransport>(
+    ui: &mut Ui,
+    state: &mut CameraAppState,
+    ctrl: &mut Insta360CameraController<T>,
+    theme: &InsTheme,
+) {
+    let (rect, response) = ui.allocate_exact_size(Vec2::new(168.0_f32, 128.0_f32), Sense::click_and_drag());
+    let painter = ui.painter();
+
+    // Outer frame
+    painter.rect_filled(rect, Rounding::same(6.0_f32), theme.bg03);
+    painter.rect_stroke(rect, Rounding::same(6.0_f32), Stroke::new(1.0_f32, theme.border02));
+
+    if state.zoom_x <= 1.01_f32 {
+        painter.text(
+            Pos2::new(rect.center().x, rect.center().y - 10.0_f32),
+            Align2::CENTER_CENTER,
+            "⛶",
+            FontId::proportional(22.0_f32),
+            theme.text03,
+        );
+        painter.text(
+            Pos2::new(rect.center().x, rect.center().y + 12.0_f32),
+            Align2::CENTER_CENTER,
+            "Displayed maximum range",
+            FontId::proportional(11.0_f32),
+            theme.text03,
+        );
+    } else {
+        let crop_w = rect.width() / state.zoom_x;
+        let crop_h = rect.height() / state.zoom_x;
+        let min_cx = rect.left() + crop_w * 0.5_f32;
+        let max_cx = rect.right() - crop_w * 0.5_f32;
+        let min_cy = rect.top() + crop_h * 0.5_f32;
+        let max_cy = rect.bottom() - crop_h * 0.5_f32;
+
+        if response.dragged() {
+            let delta = response.drag_delta();
+            let span_x = (max_cx - min_cx).max(1.0_f32);
+            let span_y = (max_cy - min_cy).max(1.0_f32);
+            state.host_ptz_x = (state.host_ptz_x + delta.x / span_x).clamp(0.0_f32, 1.0_f32);
+            state.host_ptz_y = (state.host_ptz_y + delta.y / span_y).clamp(0.0_f32, 1.0_f32);
+
+            let _ = ctrl.set_host_ptz(&HostPtzInfo {
+                x: (state.host_ptz_x * 5140.0_f32) as u16,
+                y: (state.host_ptz_y * 5140.0_f32) as u16,
+                width: (5140.0_f32 / state.zoom_x) as u16,
+                height: (5140.0_f32 / state.zoom_x) as u16,
+            });
+        }
+
+        let cx = min_cx + state.host_ptz_x * (max_cx - min_cx);
+        let cy = min_cy + state.host_ptz_y * (max_cy - min_cy);
+        let crop_rect = Rect::from_center_size(Pos2::new(cx, cy), Vec2::new(crop_w, crop_h));
+
+        painter.rect_filled(
+            crop_rect,
+            Rounding::same(4.0_f32),
+            Color32::from_rgba_premultiplied(0, 208, 120, 25),
+        );
+        painter.rect_stroke(
+            crop_rect,
+            Rounding::same(4.0_f32),
+            Stroke::new(1.5_f32, theme.brand_green),
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+/// Vertical Zoom Rocker (`DefAdjustment.qml`).
+fn render_zoom_rocker<T: UvcControlTransport>(
+    ui: &mut Ui,
+    state: &mut CameraAppState,
+    ctrl: &mut Insta360CameraController<T>,
+    theme: &InsTheme,
+) {
+    let (rect, _) = ui.allocate_exact_size(Vec2::new(52.0_f32, 124.0_f32), Sense::hover());
+    let painter = ui.painter();
+    painter.rect_filled(rect, Rounding::same(8.0_f32), theme.bg03);
+    painter.rect_stroke(rect, Rounding::same(8.0_f32), Stroke::new(1.0_f32, theme.border02));
+
+    let mut rocker_ui = ui.new_child(egui::UiBuilder::new().max_rect(rect));
+    rocker_ui.vertical_centered(|ui| {
+        ui.add_space(2.0_f32);
+        // [ + ]
+        if ui
+            .add_sized(
+                Vec2::new(48.0_f32, 34.0_f32),
+                egui::Button::new(RichText::new("+").size(18.0_f32).strong().color(theme.text01)).frame(false),
+            )
+            .clicked()
+        {
+            state.zoom_x = (state.zoom_x + 0.1_f32).min(4.0_f32);
+            let _ = ctrl.set_zoom((state.zoom_x * 100.0_f32) as u16);
+        }
+
+        ui.add_space(8.0_f32);
+
+        // Center zoom label
+        let zoom_color = if state.zoom_x > 1.01_f32 {
+            theme.brand_green
+        } else {
+            theme.text01
+        };
+        ui.label(RichText::new(format!("{:.1}x", state.zoom_x)).size(13.0_f32).strong().color(zoom_color));
+
+        ui.add_space(8.0_f32);
+
+        // [ - ]
+        if ui
+            .add_sized(
+                Vec2::new(48.0_f32, 34.0_f32),
+                egui::Button::new(RichText::new("−").size(18.0_f32).strong().color(theme.text01)).frame(false),
+            )
+            .clicked()
+        {
+            state.zoom_x = (state.zoom_x - 0.1_f32).max(1.0_f32);
+            let _ = ctrl.set_zoom((state.zoom_x * 100.0_f32) as u16);
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+/// PTZ Presets Grid (`gimbal_preset`).
+fn render_ptz_presets<T: UvcControlTransport>(
+    ui: &mut Ui,
+    ctx: &Context,
+    state: &mut CameraAppState,
+    ctrl: &mut Insta360CameraController<T>,
+    video: &VideoPreviewEngine,
+    theme: &InsTheme,
+) {
+    ui.horizontal(|ui| {
+        ui.label(RichText::new("Presets").size(12.0_f32).strong().color(theme.text03))
+            .on_hover_text("Presets will remember the position and mode you added");
+    });
+
+    ui.add_space(6.0_f32);
+
+    Grid::new("ptz_presets_grid")
+        .spacing([8.0_f32, 8.0_f32])
+        .show(ui, |ui| {
+            let mut col = 0;
+
+            // First Cell: [ + ] Add Preset tile
+            let (add_rect, add_resp) = ui.allocate_exact_size(Vec2::new(52.0_f32, 52.0_f32), Sense::click());
+            let add_stroke = if add_resp.hovered() {
+                Stroke::new(1.0_f32, theme.brand_green)
+            } else {
+                Stroke::new(1.0_f32, theme.border02)
+            };
+            ui.painter().rect_filled(add_rect, Rounding::same(8.0_f32), theme.overlay02);
+            ui.painter().rect_stroke(add_rect, Rounding::same(8.0_f32), add_stroke);
+            ui.painter().text(
+                add_rect.center(),
+                Align2::CENTER_CENTER,
+                "+",
+                FontId::proportional(22.0_f32),
+                theme.text01,
+            );
+
+            if add_resp.clicked() {
+                let next_id = state
+                    .ptz_presets
+                    .iter()
+                    .position(|s| !s.saved)
+                    .map(|idx| state.ptz_presets[idx].id)
+                    .unwrap_or_else(|| state.ptz_presets.len() as u8);
+
+                if next_id < 10 {
+                    if let Ok((pan_arc, tilt_arc)) = ctrl.get_pantilt_absolute() {
+                        state.pan_deg = (pan_arc as f32 / 3600.0_f32).clamp(-130.0_f32, 130.0_f32);
+                        state.tilt_deg = (tilt_arc as f32 / 3600.0_f32).clamp(-90.0_f32, 90.0_f32);
+                    }
+                    if let Ok(z) = ctrl.get_zoom() {
+                        state.zoom_x = (z as f32 / 100.0_f32).clamp(1.0_f32, 4.0_f32);
+                    }
+                    let img = video.capture_thumbnail();
+                    let tex = ctx.load_texture(
+                        format!("ptz_preset_{}", next_id),
+                        img.clone(),
+                        egui::TextureOptions::LINEAR,
+                    );
+
+                    if let Some(slot) = state.ptz_presets.iter_mut().find(|s| s.id == next_id) {
+                        slot.saved = true;
+                        slot.pan_deg = state.pan_deg;
+                        slot.tilt_deg = state.tilt_deg;
+                        slot.zoom_x = state.zoom_x;
+                        slot.host_x = state.host_ptz_x;
+                        slot.host_y = state.host_ptz_y;
+                        slot.mode = state.video_mode;
+                        slot.thumbnail = Some(tex);
+                        slot.raw_thumb = Some(img);
+                        slot.renaming = false;
+                        state.active_preset_id = Some(slot.id);
+                    } else {
+                        let slot = PtzPresetSlot {
+                            id: next_id,
+                            name: format!("Preset {}", next_id + 1),
+                            saved: true,
+                            pan_deg: state.pan_deg,
+                            tilt_deg: state.tilt_deg,
+                            zoom_x: state.zoom_x,
+                            host_x: state.host_ptz_x,
+                            host_y: state.host_ptz_y,
+                            mode: state.video_mode,
+                            thumbnail: Some(tex),
+                            raw_thumb: Some(img),
+                            renaming: false,
+                        };
+                        state.ptz_presets.push(slot);
+                        state.active_preset_id = Some(next_id);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            col += 1;
+
+            // Saved Preset Cells
+            let mut recall_id = None;
+            let mut update_id = None;
+            let mut delete_id = None;
+
+            for slot in state.ptz_presets.iter_mut().filter(|s| s.saved) {
+                let is_active = state.active_preset_id == Some(slot.id);
+                let (tile_rect, tile_resp) = ui.allocate_exact_size(Vec2::new(52.0_f32, 68.0_f32), Sense::click());
+                let box_rect = Rect::from_min_size(tile_rect.min, Vec2::new(52.0_f32, 52.0_f32));
+
+                // Thumbnail texture upload if missing
+                if slot.thumbnail.is_none() {
+                    if let Some(raw) = &slot.raw_thumb {
+                        slot.thumbnail = Some(ctx.load_texture(
+                            format!("ptz_preset_{}", slot.id),
+                            raw.clone(),
+                            egui::TextureOptions::LINEAR,
+                        ));
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if let Some(tex) = &slot.thumbnail {
+                    ui.painter().image(
+                        tex.id(),
+                        box_rect,
+                        Rect::from_min_max(Pos2::new(0.0_f32, 0.0_f32), Pos2::new(1.0_f32, 1.0_f32)),
+                        Color32::WHITE,
+                    );
+                } else {
+                    ui.painter().rect_filled(box_rect, Rounding::same(8.0_f32), theme.bg03);
+                    ui.painter().text(
+                        box_rect.center(),
+                        Align2::CENTER_CENTER,
+                        "📷",
+                        FontId::proportional(18.0_f32),
+                        theme.text03,
+                    );
+                }
+
+                let border_stroke = if is_active {
+                    Stroke::new(2.0_f32, theme.brand_green)
+                } else if tile_resp.hovered() {
+                    Stroke::new(1.0_f32, theme.text02)
+                } else {
+                    Stroke::new(1.0_f32, theme.border02)
+                };
+                ui.painter().rect_stroke(box_rect, Rounding::same(8.0_f32), border_stroke);
+
+                // Label / rename below
+                if slot.renaming {
+                    let mut name_ui = ui.new_child(
+                        egui::UiBuilder::new().max_rect(Rect::from_min_size(
+                            Pos2::new(tile_rect.left(), box_rect.bottom() + 2.0_f32),
+                            Vec2::new(52.0_f32, 14.0_f32),
+                        )),
+                    );
+                    let resp = name_ui.add(TextEdit::singleline(&mut slot.name).font(FontId::proportional(10.0_f32)));
+                    if resp.lost_focus() || name_ui.input(|i| i.key_pressed(egui::Key::Enter)) {
+                        slot.renaming = false;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    ui.painter().text(
+                        Pos2::new(tile_rect.center().x, box_rect.bottom() + 8.0_f32),
+                        Align2::CENTER_CENTER,
+                        &slot.name,
+                        FontId::proportional(11.0_f32),
+                        if is_active { theme.brand_green } else { theme.text02 },
+                    );
+                }
+
+                if tile_resp.clicked() {
+                    recall_id = Some(slot.id);
+                }
+
+                tile_resp.context_menu(|ui| {
+                    if ui.button("Update with Current View").clicked() {
+                        update_id = Some(slot.id);
+                        ui.close_menu();
+                    }
+                    if ui.button("Rename").clicked() {
+                        slot.renaming = true;
+                        ui.close_menu();
+                    }
+                    if ui.button("Delete").clicked() {
+                        delete_id = Some(slot.id);
+                        ui.close_menu();
+                    }
+                });
+
+                col += 1;
+                if col % 4 == 0 {
+                    ui.end_row();
+                }
+            }
+
+            if let Some(id) = recall_id {
+                if let Some(slot) = state.ptz_presets.iter().find(|s| s.id == id).cloned() {
+                    state.pan_deg = slot.pan_deg;
+                    state.tilt_deg = slot.tilt_deg;
+                    state.zoom_x = slot.zoom_x;
+                    state.video_mode = slot.mode;
+                    state.active_preset_id = Some(slot.id);
+                    state.ready_auto_track = false;
+                    let _ = ctrl.set_pantilt_absolute(
+                        (slot.pan_deg * 3600.0_f32) as i32,
+                        (slot.tilt_deg * 3600.0_f32) as i32,
+                    );
+                    let _ = ctrl.set_zoom((slot.zoom_x * 100.0_f32) as u16);
+                }
+            }
+
+            if let Some(id) = update_id {
+                if let Ok((pan_arc, tilt_arc)) = ctrl.get_pantilt_absolute() {
+                    state.pan_deg = (pan_arc as f32 / 3600.0_f32).clamp(-130.0_f32, 130.0_f32);
+                    state.tilt_deg = (tilt_arc as f32 / 3600.0_f32).clamp(-90.0_f32, 90.0_f32);
+                }
+                if let Ok(z) = ctrl.get_zoom() {
+                    state.zoom_x = (z as f32 / 100.0_f32).clamp(1.0_f32, 4.0_f32);
+                }
+                if let Some(slot) = state.ptz_presets.iter_mut().find(|s| s.id == id) {
+                    slot.pan_deg = state.pan_deg;
+                    slot.tilt_deg = state.tilt_deg;
+                    slot.zoom_x = state.zoom_x;
+                    slot.host_x = state.host_ptz_x;
+                    slot.host_y = state.host_ptz_y;
+                    slot.mode = state.video_mode;
+                    let img = video.capture_thumbnail();
+                    let tex = ctx.load_texture(
+                        format!("ptz_preset_{}", slot.id),
+                        img.clone(),
+                        egui::TextureOptions::LINEAR,
+                    );
+                    slot.thumbnail = Some(tex);
+                    slot.raw_thumb = Some(img);
+                }
+            }
+
+            if let Some(id) = delete_id {
+                if let Some(slot) = state.ptz_presets.iter_mut().find(|s| s.id == id) {
+                    slot.saved = false;
+                }
+            }
+        });
+}
+
+/// 3 Visual Composition Cards (`72.0 x 68.0` each).
+fn render_composition_cards<T: UvcControlTransport>(
+    ui: &mut Ui,
+    state: &mut CameraAppState,
+    ctrl: &mut Insta360CameraController<T>,
+    theme: &InsTheme,
+) {
+    let cards = [
+        (CompositionStyle::Head, "Head"),
+        (CompositionStyle::HalfBody, "Half Body"),
+        (CompositionStyle::WholeBody, "Whole Body"),
+    ];
+
+    ui.horizontal(|ui| {
+        for (style, label) in cards {
+            let is_selected = state.composition_style == style;
+            let (rect, resp) = ui.allocate_exact_size(Vec2::new(72.0_f32, 68.0_f32), Sense::click());
+            let thumb_rect = Rect::from_min_size(rect.min, Vec2::new(72.0_f32, 48.0_f32));
+
+            let stroke = if is_selected {
+                Stroke::new(2.0_f32, theme.brand_green)
+            } else if resp.hovered() {
+                Stroke::new(1.0_f32, theme.text02)
+            } else {
+                Stroke::new(1.0_f32, theme.border02)
+            };
+
+            ui.painter().rect_filled(thumb_rect, Rounding::same(6.0_f32), theme.bg03);
+            ui.painter().rect_stroke(thumb_rect, Rounding::same(6.0_f32), stroke);
+
+            // Silhouette icon
+            let cx = thumb_rect.center().x;
+            let cy = thumb_rect.center().y;
+            let sil_color = if is_selected { theme.brand_green } else { theme.text02 };
+
+            match style {
+                CompositionStyle::Head => {
+                    ui.painter().circle_filled(Pos2::new(cx, cy - 4.0_f32), 9.0_f32, sil_color);
+                    ui.painter().rect_filled(
+                        Rect::from_center_size(Pos2::new(cx, cy + 14.0_f32), Vec2::new(32.0_f32, 12.0_f32)),
+                        Rounding::same(4.0_f32),
+                        sil_color,
+                    );
+                }
+                CompositionStyle::HalfBody => {
+                    ui.painter().circle_filled(Pos2::new(cx, cy - 8.0_f32), 6.5_f32, sil_color);
+                    ui.painter().rect_filled(
+                        Rect::from_center_size(Pos2::new(cx, cy + 8.0_f32), Vec2::new(22.0_f32, 18.0_f32)),
+                        Rounding::same(3.0_f32),
+                        sil_color,
+                    );
+                }
+                CompositionStyle::WholeBody | CompositionStyle::Custom => {
+                    ui.painter().circle_filled(Pos2::new(cx, cy - 12.0_f32), 4.5_f32, sil_color);
+                    ui.painter().rect_filled(
+                        Rect::from_center_size(Pos2::new(cx, cy - 1.0_f32), Vec2::new(14.0_f32, 14.0_f32)),
+                        Rounding::same(2.0_f32),
+                        sil_color,
+                    );
+                    ui.painter().rect_filled(
+                        Rect::from_center_size(Pos2::new(cx, cy + 12.0_f32), Vec2::new(10.0_f32, 10.0_f32)),
+                        Rounding::same(1.0_f32),
+                        sil_color,
+                    );
+                }
+            }
+
+            ui.painter().text(
+                Pos2::new(rect.center().x, rect.max.y - 8.0_f32),
+                Align2::CENTER_CENTER,
+                label,
+                FontId::proportional(11.0_f32),
+                if is_selected { theme.brand_green } else { theme.text02 },
+            );
+
+            if resp.clicked() {
+                if !state.ai_zoom_enabled {
+                    state.ai_zoom_enabled = true;
+                    let _ = ctrl.set_ai_zoom(true);
+                }
+                state.composition_style = style;
+                let _ = ctrl.set_composition_style(style);
+            }
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+/// 236×150 Interactive Exposure Curve Canvas (`DefSplineCanvas.qml`).
+fn render_exposure_curve_canvas<T: UvcControlTransport>(
+    ui: &mut Ui,
+    state: &mut CameraAppState,
+    ctrl: &mut Insta360CameraController<T>,
+    theme: &InsTheme,
+) {
+    ui.horizontal(|ui| {
+        ui.label(RichText::new("Exposure curve").size(13.0_f32).color(theme.text01));
+        ui.with_layout(Layout::right_to_left(Align::Center), |ui| {
+            if ui.button(RichText::new("—").size(14.0_f32).color(theme.text02)).clicked() {
+                if state.spline_points.len() > 2 {
+                    state.spline_points.remove(state.spline_points.len() - 2);
+                    let curve = build_exposure_curve(&state.spline_points, 0, ISO_LIST[state.iso_index]);
+                    let _ = ctrl.set_exposure_curve(&curve);
+                }
+            }
+            if ui.button(RichText::new("↺").size(14.0_f32).color(theme.text02)).clicked() {
+                state.spline_points = vec![
+                    (0.0_f32, 0.0_f32),
+                    (0.33_f32, 0.33_f32),
+                    (0.67_f32, 0.67_f32),
+                    (1.0_f32, 1.0_f32),
+                ];
+                let curve = build_exposure_curve(&state.spline_points, 0, ISO_LIST[state.iso_index]);
+                let _ = ctrl.set_exposure_curve(&curve);
+            }
+        });
+    });
+
+    ui.add_space(4.0_f32);
+
+    let (canvas_rect, response) =
+        ui.allocate_exact_size(Vec2::new(236.0_f32, 150.0_f32), Sense::click_and_drag());
+    let painter = ui.painter();
+
+    painter.rect_filled(canvas_rect, Rounding::same(8.0_f32), theme.bg03);
+    painter.rect_stroke(canvas_rect, Rounding::same(8.0_f32), Stroke::new(1.0_f32, theme.border02));
+
+    // 4×4 Grid lines
+    for i in 1..4 {
+        let frac = i as f32 / 4.0_f32;
+        let gx = canvas_rect.left() + frac * canvas_rect.width();
+        painter.line_segment(
+            [Pos2::new(gx, canvas_rect.top()), Pos2::new(gx, canvas_rect.bottom())],
+            Stroke::new(1.0_f32, theme.border02),
+        );
+        let gy = canvas_rect.top() + frac * canvas_rect.height();
+        painter.line_segment(
+            [Pos2::new(canvas_rect.left(), gy), Pos2::new(canvas_rect.right(), gy)],
+            Stroke::new(1.0_f32, theme.border02),
+        );
+    }
+
+    // Diagonal reference line
+    painter.line_segment(
+        [
+            Pos2::new(canvas_rect.left(), canvas_rect.bottom()),
+            Pos2::new(canvas_rect.right(), canvas_rect.top()),
+        ],
+        Stroke::new(1.0_f32, theme.border02),
+    );
+
+    let mut curve_changed = false;
+
+    // Drag point or click to add point
+    if response.dragged() {
+        if let Some(ptr) = response.interact_pointer_pos() {
+            let norm_x = ((ptr.x - canvas_rect.left()) / canvas_rect.width()).clamp(0.0_f32, 1.0_f32);
+            let norm_y = ((canvas_rect.bottom() - ptr.y) / canvas_rect.height()).clamp(0.0_f32, 1.0_f32);
+
+            // Find closest control point
+            let mut best_idx = 0;
+            let mut best_dist = f32::MAX;
+            for (idx, &(px, py)) in state.spline_points.iter().enumerate() {
+                let dx = px - norm_x;
+                let dy = py - norm_y;
+                let d = dx * dx + dy * dy;
+                if d < best_dist {
+                    best_dist = d;
+                    best_idx = idx;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if best_dist < 0.05_f32 {
+                let n = state.spline_points.len();
+                if best_idx == 0 {
+                    state.spline_points[0] = (0.0_f32, norm_y);
+                } else if best_idx == n - 1 {
+                    state.spline_points[best_idx] = (1.0_f32, norm_y);
+                } else {
+                    let min_x = state.spline_points[best_idx - 1].0 + 0.02_f32;
+                    let max_x = state.spline_points[best_idx + 1].0 - 0.02_f32;
+                    state.spline_points[best_idx] = (norm_x.clamp(min_x, max_x), norm_y);
+                }
+                curve_changed = true;
+            }
+        }
+    } else if response.clicked() {
+        if let Some(ptr) = response.interact_pointer_pos() {
+            let norm_x = ((ptr.x - canvas_rect.left()) / canvas_rect.width()).clamp(0.0_f32, 1.0_f32);
+            let norm_y = ((canvas_rect.bottom() - ptr.y) / canvas_rect.height()).clamp(0.0_f32, 1.0_f32);
+
+            let is_near = state.spline_points.iter().any(|&(px, py)| {
+                let dx = px - norm_x;
+                let dy = py - norm_y;
+                dx * dx + dy * dy < 0.01_f32
+            });
+
+            if !is_near && state.spline_points.len() < 8 {
+                state.spline_points.push((norm_x, norm_y));
+                state.spline_points.sort_by(|a, b| a.0.partial_cmp(&b.0).unwrap());
+                curve_changed = true;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if curve_changed {
+        let curve = build_exposure_curve(&state.spline_points, 0, ISO_LIST[state.iso_index]);
+        let _ = ctrl.set_exposure_curve(&curve);
+    }
+
+    // Draw spline curve
+    let mut prev_pt = None;
+    for step in 0..=80 {
+        let t = step as f32 / 80.0_f32;
+        let val = evaluate_spline(&state.spline_points, t).clamp(0.0_f32, 1.0_f32);
+        let pt = Pos2::new(
+            canvas_rect.left() + t * canvas_rect.width(),
+            canvas_rect.bottom() - val * canvas_rect.height(),
+        );
+        if let Some(prev) = prev_pt {
+            painter.line_segment([prev, pt], Stroke::new(2.0_f32, theme.brand_green));
+        }
+        prev_pt = Some(pt);
+    }
+
+    // Draw control point circles
+    for &(px, py) in &state.spline_points {
+        let pt = Pos2::new(
+            canvas_rect.left() + px * canvas_rect.width(),
+            canvas_rect.bottom() - py * canvas_rect.height(),
+        );
+        painter.circle_filled(pt, 5.0_f32, theme.bg04);
+        painter.circle_stroke(pt, 5.0_f32, Stroke::new(1.5_f32, theme.brand_green));
+    }
+}
+
+/// Color Presets Grid (`right_img_color_preset`).
+fn render_color_presets<T: UvcControlTransport>(
+    ui: &mut Ui,
+    ctx: &Context,
+    state: &mut CameraAppState,
+    ctrl: &mut Insta360CameraController<T>,
+    video: &VideoPreviewEngine,
+    theme: &InsTheme,
+) {
+    ui.horizontal(|ui| {
+        ui.label(RichText::new("Color Presets").size(12.0_f32).strong().color(theme.text03));
+    });
+
+    ui.add_space(6.0_f32);
+
+    Grid::new("color_presets_grid")
+        .spacing([8.0_f32, 8.0_f32])
+        .show(ui, |ui| {
+            let mut col = 0;
+
+            // [ + ] Add Color Preset tile
+            let (add_rect, add_resp) = ui.allocate_exact_size(Vec2::new(52.0_f32, 52.0_f32), Sense::click());
+            let add_stroke = if add_resp.hovered() {
+                Stroke::new(1.0_f32, theme.brand_green)
+            } else {
+                Stroke::new(1.0_f32, theme.border02)
+            };
+            ui.painter().rect_filled(add_rect, Rounding::same(8.0_f32), theme.overlay02);
+            ui.painter().rect_stroke(add_rect, Rounding::same(8.0_f32), add_stroke);
+            ui.painter().text(
+                add_rect.center(),
+                Align2::CENTER_CENTER,
+                "+",
+                FontId::proportional(22.0_f32),
+                theme.text01,
+            );
+
+            if add_resp.clicked() {
+                let next_id = (state.color_presets.len() as i8) + 1;
+                let img = video.capture_thumbnail();
+                let tex = ctx.load_texture(
+                    format!("color_preset_{}", next_id),
+                    img.clone(),
+                    egui::TextureOptions::LINEAR,
+                );
+
+                state.color_presets.push(ColorPresetSlot {
+                    id: next_id,
+                    name: format!("Preset {}", next_id),
+                    saved: true,
+                    brightness: state.brightness,
+                    contrast: state.contrast,
+                    saturation: state.saturation,
+                    sharpness: state.sharpness,
+                    wb_auto: state.auto_white_balance,
+                    wb_kelvin: state.wb_kelvin,
+                    auto_exposure: state.auto_exposure,
+                    ev_comp: state.ev_compensation,
+                    iso: ISO_LIST.get(state.iso_index).copied().unwrap_or(100),
+                    shutter: SHUTTER_DENOM_LIST.get(state.shutter_index).copied().unwrap_or(100),
+                    hdr: state.hdr_enabled,
+                    thumbnail: Some(tex),
+                    raw_thumb: Some(img),
+                    renaming: false,
+                });
+                let _ = ctrl.set_image_template(next_id, ImageOperation::SaveOrUpdate);
+            }
+
+            col += 1;
+
+            // Saved Color Preset Slots
+            let mut apply_id = None;
+            let mut update_id = None;
+            let mut delete_id = None;
+
+            for slot in state.color_presets.iter_mut().filter(|s| s.saved) {
+                let is_active = state.active_color_preset_id == Some(slot.id);
+                let (tile_rect, tile_resp) = ui.allocate_exact_size(Vec2::new(52.0_f32, 68.0_f32), Sense::click());
+                let box_rect = Rect::from_min_size(tile_rect.min, Vec2::new(52.0_f32, 52.0_f32));
+
+                if slot.thumbnail.is_none() {
+                    if let Some(raw) = &slot.raw_thumb {
+                        slot.thumbnail = Some(ctx.load_texture(
+                            format!("color_preset_{}", slot.id),
+                            raw.clone(),
+                            egui::TextureOptions::LINEAR,
+                        ));
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if let Some(tex) = &slot.thumbnail {
+                    ui.painter().image(
+                        tex.id(),
+                        box_rect,
+                        Rect::from_min_max(Pos2::new(0.0_f32, 0.0_f32), Pos2::new(1.0_f32, 1.0_f32)),
+                        Color32::WHITE,
+                    );
+                } else {
+                    ui.painter().rect_filled(box_rect, Rounding::same(8.0_f32), theme.bg03);
+                    ui.painter().text(
+                        box_rect.center(),
+                        Align2::CENTER_CENTER,
+                        "🎨",
+                        FontId::proportional(18.0_f32),
+                        theme.text03,
+                    );
+                }
+
+                let border_stroke = if is_active {
+                    Stroke::new(2.0_f32, theme.brand_green)
+                } else if tile_resp.hovered() {
+                    Stroke::new(1.0_f32, theme.text02)
+                } else {
+                    Stroke::new(1.0_f32, theme.border02)
+                };
+                ui.painter().rect_stroke(box_rect, Rounding::same(8.0_f32), border_stroke);
+
+                if slot.renaming {
+                    let mut name_ui = ui.new_child(
+                        egui::UiBuilder::new().max_rect(Rect::from_min_size(
+                            Pos2::new(tile_rect.left(), box_rect.bottom() + 2.0_f32),
+                            Vec2::new(52.0_f32, 14.0_f32),
+                        )),
+                    );
+                    let resp = name_ui.add(TextEdit::singleline(&mut slot.name).font(FontId::proportional(10.0_f32)));
+                    if resp.lost_focus() || name_ui.input(|i| i.key_pressed(egui::Key::Enter)) {
+                        slot.renaming = false;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    ui.painter().text(
+                        Pos2::new(tile_rect.center().x, box_rect.bottom() + 8.0_f32),
+                        Align2::CENTER_CENTER,
+                        &slot.name,
+                        FontId::proportional(11.0_f32),
+                        if is_active { theme.brand_green } else { theme.text02 },
+                    );
+                }
+
+                if tile_resp.clicked() {
+                    apply_id = Some(slot.id);
+                }
+
+                tile_resp.context_menu(|ui| {
+                    if ui.button("Update").clicked() {
+                        update_id = Some(slot.id);
+                        ui.close_menu();
+                    }
+                    if ui.button("Rename").clicked() {
+                        slot.renaming = true;
+                        ui.close_menu();
+                    }
+                    if ui.button("Delete").clicked() {
+                        delete_id = Some(slot.id);
+                        ui.close_menu();
+                    }
+                });
+
+                col += 1;
+                if col % 4 == 0 {
+                    ui.end_row();
+                }
+            }
+
+            if let Some(id) = apply_id {
+                if let Some(slot) = state.color_presets.iter().find(|s| s.id == id) {
+                    state.active_color_preset_id = Some(slot.id);
+                    state.brightness = slot.brightness;
+                    state.contrast = slot.contrast;
+                    state.saturation = slot.saturation;
+                    state.sharpness = slot.sharpness;
+                    state.auto_white_balance = slot.wb_auto;
+                    state.wb_kelvin = slot.wb_kelvin;
+                    state.auto_exposure = slot.auto_exposure;
+                    state.ev_compensation = slot.ev_comp;
+                    state.hdr_enabled = slot.hdr;
+                    let _ = ctrl.set_image_template(slot.id, ImageOperation::Apply);
+                }
+            }
+
+            if let Some(id) = update_id {
+                if let Some(slot) = state.color_presets.iter_mut().find(|s| s.id == id) {
+                    slot.brightness = state.brightness;
+                    slot.contrast = state.contrast;
+                    slot.saturation = state.saturation;
+                    slot.sharpness = state.sharpness;
+                    slot.wb_auto = state.auto_white_balance;
+                    slot.wb_kelvin = state.wb_kelvin;
+                    slot.auto_exposure = state.auto_exposure;
+                    slot.ev_comp = state.ev_compensation;
+                    slot.hdr = state.hdr_enabled;
+                    let img = video.capture_thumbnail();
+                    let tex = ctx.load_texture(
+                        format!("color_preset_{}", slot.id),
+                        img.clone(),
+                        egui::TextureOptions::LINEAR,
+                    );
+                    slot.thumbnail = Some(tex);
+                    slot.raw_thumb = Some(img);
+                    let _ = ctrl.set_image_template(slot.id, ImageOperation::SaveOrUpdate);
+                }
+            }
+
+            if let Some(id) = delete_id {
+                if let Some(slot) = state.color_presets.iter_mut().find(|s| s.id == id) {
+                    slot.saved = false;
+                    let _ = ctrl.delete_image_template(slot.id);
+                }
+            }
+        });
+}
diff --git a/crates/insta360-link-gui/src/state.rs b/crates/insta360-link-gui/src/state.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c68ba69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/insta360-link-gui/src/state.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,500 @@
+#![allow(dead_code)]
+
+use egui::{ColorImage, Pos2, TextureHandle};
+pub use insta360_link_protocol::*;
+use std::path::PathBuf;
+use std::time::Instant;
+
+/// UI mode matching `Webcam.Controller.curUIMode` (`MainWindow` vs `Toolbar`).
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum UiMode {
+    MainWindow,
+    Toolbar,
+}
+
+/// Right sidebar tab matching `Settings.qml` (`View`, `Effects`, `More`).
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum RightSidebarTab {
+    View,
+    Effects,
+    More,
+}
+
+/// Active popup in Compact Toolbar Mode (`Toolbar.qml`).
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum ToolbarPopup {
+    None,
+    PtzPanel,
+    TrackMode,
+    VirtualBackground,
+    PictureSetting,
+    GestureCtrl,
+    RemoteCtrl,
+    MoreSetting,
+}
+
+/// Active tab in the Preferences modal (`preference/MoreSettings.qml`).
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum PreferenceTab {
+    General,
+    Hotkeys,
+    About,
+    GetLog,
+}
+
+/// Virtual background mode (`ImageBackground.qml`).
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum BackgroundEffectMode {
+    None,
+    StandardBlur,
+    NaturalBokeh,
+    CustomImage(usize),
+}
+
+/// Resolution & frame rate preset (`DefFormatCombo.qml`).
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum VideoFormatPreset {
+    Uhd4k30,
+    Fhd1080p60,
+    Fhd1080p30,
+    Hd720p60,
+    Hd720p30,
+    Sd360p30,
+    Vertical1080x1920p30,
+}
+
+impl VideoFormatPreset {
+    pub const ALL: [VideoFormatPreset; 7] = [
+        Self::Uhd4k30,
+        Self::Fhd1080p60,
+        Self::Fhd1080p30,
+        Self::Hd720p60,
+        Self::Hd720p30,
+        Self::Sd360p30,
+        Self::Vertical1080x1920p30,
+    ];
+
+    pub fn label(&self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Self::Uhd4k30 => "4K 30fps",
+            Self::Fhd1080p60 => "1080p 60fps",
+            Self::Fhd1080p30 => "1080p 30fps",
+            Self::Hd720p60 => "720p 60fps",
+            Self::Hd720p30 => "720p 30fps",
+            Self::Sd360p30 => "360p 30fps",
+            Self::Vertical1080x1920p30 => "1080x1920 30fps",
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn dimensions(&self) -> (u32, u32) {
+        match self {
+            Self::Uhd4k30 => (3840, 2160),
+            Self::Fhd1080p60 | Self::Fhd1080p30 => (1920, 1080),
+            Self::Hd720p60 | Self::Hd720p30 => (1280, 720),
+            Self::Sd360p30 => (640, 360),
+            Self::Vertical1080x1920p30 => (1088, 1920),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn fps(&self) -> u32 {
+        match self {
+            Self::Fhd1080p60 | Self::Hd720p60 => 60,
+            _ => 30,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_4k(&self) -> bool {
+        matches!(self, Self::Uhd4k30)
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_vertical(&self) -> bool {
+        matches!(self, Self::Vertical1080x1920p30)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Saved PTZ preset item (`PTZControl.qml` repeater item).
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct PtzPresetSlot {
+    pub id: u8,
+    pub name: String,
+    pub saved: bool,
+    pub pan_deg: f32,
+    pub tilt_deg: f32,
+    pub zoom_x: f32,
+    pub host_x: f32,
+    pub host_y: f32,
+    pub mode: VideoMode,
+    pub thumbnail: Option<TextureHandle>,
+    pub raw_thumb: Option<ColorImage>,
+    pub renaming: bool,
+}
+
+/// Saved Color Preset item (`ImageScreen.qml` template repeater item).
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct ColorPresetSlot {
+    pub id: i8,
+    pub name: String,
+    pub saved: bool,
+    pub brightness: i16,
+    pub contrast: u16,
+    pub saturation: u16,
+    pub sharpness: u16,
+    pub wb_auto: bool,
+    pub wb_kelvin: u16,
+    pub auto_exposure: bool,
+    pub ev_comp: f32,
+    pub iso: u16,
+    pub shutter: u32,
+    pub hdr: bool,
+    pub thumbnail: Option<TextureHandle>,
+    pub raw_thumb: Option<ColorImage>,
+    pub renaming: bool,
+}
+
+/// ISO discrete step values matching `Webcam.Controller.camera.isoList` (`ImageScreen.qml`).
+pub const ISO_LIST: [u16; 16] = [
+    100, 125, 160, 200, 250, 320, 400, 500, 640, 800, 1000, 1250, 1600, 2000, 2500, 3200,
+];
+
+/// Shutter speed denominator list (`1/N` seconds) matching `Webcam.Controller.camera.shutterList`.
+pub const SHUTTER_DENOM_LIST: [u32; 20] = [
+    30, 40, 50, 60, 80, 100, 120, 160, 200, 240, 320, 400, 500, 640, 800, 1000, 1600, 2000, 4000,
+    8000,
+];
+
+/// Shared UI & camera state used across `main.rs`, `right_panel.rs`, and `video_engine.rs`.
+pub struct CameraAppState {
+    // Theme & window mode
+    pub is_light_mode: bool,
+    pub ui_mode: UiMode,
+    pub right_tab: RightSidebarTab,
+    pub toolbar_popup: ToolbarPopup,
+    pub show_preferences: bool,
+    pub preference_tab: PreferenceTab,
+    pub show_qr_dialog: bool,
+    pub show_virtual_cam_pop: bool,
+    pub show_camera_log_pop: bool,
+    pub show_factory_reset_pop: bool,
+    pub show_pause_track_overlay: bool,
+    pub show_deskview_pitch_pop: bool,
+
+    // Preview & recording state
+    pub preview_open: bool,
+    pub virtual_camera_enabled: bool,
+    pub format_preset: VideoFormatPreset,
+    pub is_recording: bool,
+    pub recording_started: Option<Instant>,
+    pub screenshot_dir: PathBuf,
+    pub recording_dir: PathBuf,
+    pub toast_message: Option<(String, Instant, bool)>,
+
+    // Device Info & Status
+    pub device_info: DeviceInfo,
+    pub ptz_info: PtzVersionInfo,
+    pub device_status: DeviceStatus,
+
+    // Gimbal / View / PTZ state
+    pub pan_deg: f32,
+    pub tilt_deg: f32,
+    pub zoom_x: f32,        // 1.0 .. 4.0
+    pub roll_deg: f32,      // -1.0 .. +1.0 (tenths of degree in hardware)
+    pub deskview_pitch: i16, // -900 .. 0
+    pub host_ptz_x: f32,    // 0.0 .. 1.0 normalized center X (Link 2C)
+    pub host_ptz_y: f32,    // 0.0 .. 1.0 normalized center Y (Link 2C)
+    pub bias_x: i16,
+    pub bias_y: i16,
+    pub ptz_presets: Vec<PtzPresetSlot>,
+    pub active_preset_id: Option<u8>,
+    pub open_more_positions: bool,
+
+    // Video Mode & Tracking state
+    pub video_mode: VideoMode,
+    pub default_track_mode: u8, // 0 = Single Tracking, 1 = Group Tracking (Link 2)
+    pub ai_zoom_enabled: bool,  // Smart Composition switch
+    pub composition_style: CompositionStyle,
+    pub track_speed: TrackSpeed,
+    pub enable_auto_tracking: bool,
+    pub enable_single_tap_tracking: bool,
+    pub pause_track_enabled: bool,
+    pub forbidden_areas: [ForbiddenAreaInfo; 4],
+    pub tracked_targets: Vec<UvcRect>,
+    pub selected_target_id: i16,
+    pub whiteboard_corners: [Pos2; 4], // normalized [0..1] corners for Smart Whiteboard
+
+    // Color & Exposure state (`ImageScreen.qml`)
+    pub auto_exposure: bool,
+    pub ev_compensation: f32, // -3.0 .. +3.0
+    pub iso_index: usize,     // index into ISO_LIST
+    pub shutter_index: usize, // index into SHUTTER_DENOM_LIST
+    pub spline_points: Vec<(f32, f32)>, // normalized (0..1, 0..1) control points for DefSplineCanvas
+    pub auto_focus: bool,
+    pub manual_focus: u16, // 0..100
+    pub auto_white_balance: bool,
+    pub wb_kelvin: u16,       // 2000..10000
+    pub open_more_color: bool, // Show/Collapse in Color section
+    pub brightness: i16,      // 0..100
+    pub contrast: u16,        // 0..100
+    pub saturation: u16,      // 0..100
+    pub sharpness: u16,       // 0..100
+    pub hdr_enabled: bool,
+    pub anti_flicker: PowerLineFrequency,
+    pub startup_params_enabled: bool,
+    pub color_presets: Vec<ColorPresetSlot>,
+    pub active_color_preset_id: Option<i8>,
+    pub open_more_color_presets: bool,
+
+    // Background, Makeup & Filter state (`ImageBackground.qml`, `ImageBeauty.qml`, `ImageFilter.qml`)
+    pub background_mode: BackgroundEffectMode,
+    pub blur_intensity: u8, // 0..100
+    pub custom_backgrounds: Vec<String>,
+    pub makeup_enabled: bool,
+    pub makeup_intensity: u8, // 0..100
+    pub filter_dropdown_open: bool,
+    pub filter_mode: FilterMode,
+
+    // More Tab state (`MoreSettings.qml`)
+    pub enable_all_gestures: bool,
+    pub use_gesture_palm: bool,
+    pub use_gesture_v: bool,
+    pub use_gesture_l: bool,
+    pub use_gesture_rock: bool,
+    pub use_gesture_ok: bool,
+    pub audio_capture_mode: AudioCaptureMode,
+    pub audio_denoise: bool,
+    pub horizontal_mirror: bool,
+    pub vertical_mirror: bool,
+    pub smart_adjustment: bool,
+    pub horizontal_correction: bool,
+    pub ultimate_privacy: bool,
+    pub privacy_sleep: bool,
+    pub vertical_resolution_mode: bool,
+    pub forced_vertical_lock: bool,
+    pub low_resolution_mode: bool,
+
+    // Real-time hardware sync, continuous PTZ velocity, and AI target polling
+    pub stream_initialized: bool,
+    pub joystick_dragging: bool,
+    pub last_ptz_cmd: (u8, i8, u8, i8),
+    pub last_ptz_send_time: Option<Instant>,
+    pub nudge_stop_at: Option<Instant>,
+    pub pending_ptz_restore: Option<(Instant, i32, i32)>,
+    pub ready_auto_track: bool,
+    pub last_track_poll: Option<Instant>,
+    pub last_hw_sync: Option<Instant>,
+}
+
+impl Default for CameraAppState {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        let mut ptz_presets = Vec::with_capacity(6);
+        for i in 0..6u8 {
+            ptz_presets.push(PtzPresetSlot {
+                id: i,
+                name: format!("Preset {}", i + 1),
+                saved: i < 2,
+                pan_deg: if i == 0 { 0.0 } else { 22.0 },
+                tilt_deg: if i == 0 { 0.0 } else { -8.0 },
+                zoom_x: if i == 0 { 1.0 } else { 1.5 },
+                host_x: 0.5,
+                host_y: 0.5,
+                mode: VideoMode::Normal,
+                thumbnail: None,
+                raw_thumb: None,
+                renaming: false,
+            });
+        }
+
+        let color_presets = vec![ColorPresetSlot {
+            id: 1,
+            name: "Studio Warm".to_string(),
+            saved: true,
+            brightness: 54,
+            contrast: 52,
+            saturation: 56,
+            sharpness: 50,
+            wb_auto: false,
+            wb_kelvin: 5600,
+            auto_exposure: true,
+            ev_comp: 0.3,
+            iso: 100,
+            shutter: 120,
+            hdr: false,
+            thumbnail: None,
+            raw_thumb: None,
+            renaming: false,
+        }];
+
+        let home = std::env::var("HOME")
+            .or_else(|_| std::env::var("USERPROFILE"))
+            .map(PathBuf::from)
+            .unwrap_or_else(|_| PathBuf::from("."));
+
+        Self {
+            is_light_mode: false,
+            ui_mode: UiMode::MainWindow,
+            right_tab: RightSidebarTab::View,
+            toolbar_popup: ToolbarPopup::None,
+            show_preferences: false,
+            preference_tab: PreferenceTab::General,
+            show_qr_dialog: false,
+            show_virtual_cam_pop: false,
+            show_camera_log_pop: false,
+            show_factory_reset_pop: false,
+            show_pause_track_overlay: false,
+            show_deskview_pitch_pop: false,
+
+            preview_open: true,
+            virtual_camera_enabled: false,
+            format_preset: VideoFormatPreset::Fhd1080p30,
+            is_recording: false,
+            recording_started: None,
+            screenshot_dir: home.join("Pictures"),
+            recording_dir: home.join("Movies"),
+            toast_message: None,
+
+            device_info: DeviceInfo {
+                device_name: "Insta360 Link 2".to_string(),
+                firmware_version: "v2.5.8.8_build1".to_string(),
+                serial_number: "INSTA360SIM0001".to_string(),
+            },
+            ptz_info: PtzVersionInfo {
+                version: "v1.3.1.0_build0".to_string(),
+                pan: 0,
+                tilt: 0,
+                zoom: 100,
+                status: 0,
+            },
+            device_status: DeviceStatus::empty(),
+
+            pan_deg: 0.0,
+            tilt_deg: 0.0,
+            zoom_x: 1.0,
+            roll_deg: 0.0,
+            deskview_pitch: 0,
+            host_ptz_x: 0.5,
+            host_ptz_y: 0.5,
+            bias_x: 0,
+            bias_y: 0,
+            ptz_presets,
+            active_preset_id: Some(0),
+            open_more_positions: false,
+
+            video_mode: VideoMode::Normal,
+            default_track_mode: 0,
+            ai_zoom_enabled: true,
+            composition_style: CompositionStyle::HalfBody,
+            track_speed: TrackSpeed::Normal,
+            enable_auto_tracking: true,
+            enable_single_tap_tracking: true,
+            pause_track_enabled: false,
+            forbidden_areas: [
+                ForbiddenAreaInfo {
+                    enabled: false,
+                    index: 0,
+                    pan_min: -350,
+                    pan_max: -150,
+                    tilt_min: -200,
+                    tilt_max: 200,
+                },
+                ForbiddenAreaInfo {
+                    enabled: false,
+                    index: 1,
+                    pan_min: 150,
+                    pan_max: 350,
+                    tilt_min: -200,
+                    tilt_max: 200,
+                },
+                ForbiddenAreaInfo {
+                    enabled: false,
+                    index: 2,
+                    pan_min: -200,
+                    pan_max: 200,
+                    tilt_min: 100,
+                    tilt_max: 300,
+                },
+                ForbiddenAreaInfo {
+                    enabled: false,
+                    index: 3,
+                    pan_min: -200,
+                    pan_max: 200,
+                    tilt_min: -300,
+                    tilt_max: -100,
+                },
+            ],
+            tracked_targets: Vec::new(),
+            selected_target_id: 0,
+            whiteboard_corners: [
+                Pos2::new(0.18, 0.16),
+                Pos2::new(0.82, 0.16),
+                Pos2::new(0.82, 0.78),
+                Pos2::new(0.18, 0.78),
+            ],
+
+            auto_exposure: true,
+            ev_compensation: 0.0,
+            iso_index: 0,
+            shutter_index: 5, // 1/100s
+            spline_points: vec![(0.0, 0.0), (0.33, 0.33), (0.67, 0.67), (1.0, 1.0)],
+            auto_focus: true,
+            manual_focus: 50,
+            auto_white_balance: true,
+            wb_kelvin: 5000,
+            open_more_color: false,
+            brightness: 50,
+            contrast: 50,
+            saturation: 50,
+            sharpness: 50,
+            hdr_enabled: false,
+            anti_flicker: PowerLineFrequency::Auto,
+            startup_params_enabled: false,
+            color_presets,
+            active_color_preset_id: None,
+            open_more_color_presets: false,
+
+            background_mode: BackgroundEffectMode::None,
+            blur_intensity: 60,
+            custom_backgrounds: vec![
+                "Modern Office".to_string(),
+                "Minimalist Studio".to_string(),
+                "Warm Bookshelf".to_string(),
+            ],
+            makeup_enabled: false,
+            makeup_intensity: 45,
+            filter_dropdown_open: true,
+            filter_mode: FilterMode::None,
+
+            enable_all_gestures: true,
+            use_gesture_palm: true,
+            use_gesture_v: true,
+            use_gesture_l: true,
+            use_gesture_rock: false,
+            use_gesture_ok: false,
+            audio_capture_mode: AudioCaptureMode::VoiceFocus,
+            audio_denoise: true,
+            horizontal_mirror: false,
+            vertical_mirror: false,
+            smart_adjustment: false,
+            horizontal_correction: false,
+            ultimate_privacy: false,
+            privacy_sleep: false,
+            vertical_resolution_mode: false,
+            forced_vertical_lock: false,
+            low_resolution_mode: false,
+
+            stream_initialized: false,
+            joystick_dragging: false,
+            last_ptz_cmd: (0, 0, 0, 0),
+            last_ptz_send_time: None,
+            nudge_stop_at: None,
+            pending_ptz_restore: None,
+            ready_auto_track: false,
+            last_track_poll: None,
+            last_hw_sync: None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl CameraAppState {
+    pub fn show_toast(&mut self, msg: impl Into<String>, is_error: bool) {
+        self.toast_message = Some((msg.into(), Instant::now(), is_error));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/insta360-link-gui/src/theme.rs b/crates/insta360-link-gui/src/theme.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..51fb92e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/insta360-link-gui/src/theme.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,934 @@
+#![allow(dead_code)]
+
+use egui::{
+    Align, Align2, Button, Color32, Context, FontId, Frame, Layout, Margin, Pos2, Rect, Response,
+    RichText, Rounding, Sense, Stroke, Style, Ui, Vec2, Visuals, WidgetInfo, WidgetType,
+};
+
+/// Official Insta360 Link Controller v2.0.2 theme palette (`InsUI.qml`).
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct InsTheme {
+    pub is_light_mode: bool,
+    pub brand_green: Color32,
+    pub brand_green_lighter: Color32,
+    pub brand_light: Color32,
+    pub brand_text: Color32,
+    pub bg01: Color32,
+    pub bg02: Color32,
+    pub bg03: Color32,
+    pub bg04: Color32,
+    pub bg05: Color32,
+    pub border01: Color32,
+    pub border02: Color32,
+    pub border03: Color32,
+    pub text01: Color32,
+    pub text02: Color32,
+    pub text03: Color32,
+    pub text04: Color32,
+    pub overlay01: Color32,
+    pub overlay02: Color32,
+    pub overlay03: Color32,
+    pub mask01: Color32,
+    pub error: Color32,
+    pub success: Color32,
+    pub warning: Color32,
+}
+
+impl InsTheme {
+    pub fn new(is_light_mode: bool) -> Self {
+        if is_light_mode {
+            Self {
+                is_light_mode: true,
+                brand_green: Color32::from_rgb(18, 219, 139),
+                brand_green_lighter: Color32::from_rgb(81, 245, 179),
+                brand_light: Color32::from_rgb(240, 255, 249),
+                brand_text: Color32::from_rgb(0, 178, 107),
+                bg01: Color32::from_rgb(229, 229, 229),
+                bg02: Color32::from_rgb(240, 240, 240),
+                bg03: Color32::from_rgb(250, 250, 250),
+                bg04: Color32::from_rgb(255, 255, 255),
+                bg05: Color32::from_rgb(255, 255, 255),
+                border01: Color32::from_rgba_unmultiplied(0, 0, 0, 26),
+                border02: Color32::from_rgba_unmultiplied(0, 0, 0, 46),
+                border03: Color32::from_rgba_unmultiplied(0, 0, 0, 66),
+                text01: Color32::from_rgb(41, 41, 41),
+                text02: Color32::from_rgb(82, 82, 82),
+                text03: Color32::from_rgb(153, 153, 153),
+                text04: Color32::from_rgb(191, 191, 191),
+                overlay01: Color32::from_rgba_unmultiplied(255, 255, 255, 255),
+                overlay02: Color32::from_rgba_unmultiplied(255, 255, 255, 255),
+                overlay03: Color32::from_rgba_unmultiplied(255, 255, 255, 255),
+                mask01: Color32::from_rgba_unmultiplied(0, 0, 0, 153),
+                error: Color32::from_rgb(255, 64, 77),
+                success: Color32::from_rgb(0, 209, 112),
+                warning: Color32::from_rgb(245, 217, 37),
+            }
+        } else {
+            Self {
+                is_light_mode: false,
+                brand_green: Color32::from_rgb(42, 235, 158),
+                brand_green_lighter: Color32::from_rgb(26, 255, 163),
+                brand_light: Color32::from_rgb(47, 51, 49),
+                brand_text: Color32::from_rgb(15, 184, 116),
+                bg01: Color32::from_rgb(33, 33, 33),
+                bg02: Color32::from_rgb(43, 43, 43),
+                bg03: Color32::from_rgb(51, 51, 51),
+                bg04: Color32::from_rgb(56, 56, 56),
+                bg05: Color32::from_rgb(71, 71, 71),
+                border01: Color32::from_rgba_unmultiplied(255, 255, 255, 20),
+                border02: Color32::from_rgba_unmultiplied(255, 255, 255, 36),
+                border03: Color32::from_rgba_unmultiplied(255, 255, 255, 51),
+                text01: Color32::from_rgb(235, 235, 235),
+                text02: Color32::from_rgb(184, 184, 184),
+                text03: Color32::from_rgb(138, 138, 138),
+                text04: Color32::from_rgb(89, 89, 89),
+                overlay01: Color32::from_rgba_unmultiplied(216, 231, 245, 15),
+                overlay02: Color32::from_rgba_unmultiplied(235, 245, 255, 26),
+                overlay03: Color32::from_rgba_unmultiplied(235, 245, 255, 38),
+                mask01: Color32::from_rgba_unmultiplied(0, 0, 0, 153),
+                error: Color32::from_rgb(255, 84, 96),
+                success: Color32::from_rgb(0, 209, 49),
+                warning: Color32::from_rgb(249, 232, 124),
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Default for InsTheme {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self::new(false)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Configures `egui::Style` and `egui::Visuals` with the official Insta360 Link Controller palette
+/// (`bg01`, `bg02`, `bg03`, `brand_green` accents) and returns the configured `InsTheme`.
+pub fn apply_ins_theme(ctx: &Context, is_light_mode: bool) -> InsTheme {
+    let theme = InsTheme::new(is_light_mode);
+    let mut style: Style = (*ctx.style()).clone();
+    let mut visuals = if is_light_mode {
+        Visuals::light()
+    } else {
+        Visuals::dark()
+    };
+
+    visuals.panel_fill = theme.bg01;
+    visuals.window_fill = theme.bg02;
+    visuals.extreme_bg_color = theme.bg01;
+    visuals.faint_bg_color = theme.bg03;
+
+    visuals.selection.bg_fill = theme.brand_green;
+    visuals.selection.stroke = Stroke::new(
+        1.0_f32,
+        if is_light_mode {
+            Color32::WHITE
+        } else {
+            theme.bg01
+        },
+    );
+    visuals.hyperlink_color = theme.brand_green;
+
+    let r6 = Rounding::same(6.0_f32);
+    let r8 = Rounding::same(8.0_f32);
+
+    visuals.widgets.noninteractive.bg_fill = theme.bg02;
+    visuals.widgets.noninteractive.weak_bg_fill = theme.bg02;
+    visuals.widgets.noninteractive.bg_stroke = Stroke::new(1.0_f32, theme.border01);
+    visuals.widgets.noninteractive.fg_stroke = Stroke::new(1.0_f32, theme.text01);
+    visuals.widgets.noninteractive.rounding = r8;
+
+    visuals.widgets.inactive.bg_fill = theme.bg03;
+    visuals.widgets.inactive.weak_bg_fill = theme.bg03;
+    visuals.widgets.inactive.bg_stroke = Stroke::new(1.0_f32, theme.border01);
+    visuals.widgets.inactive.fg_stroke = Stroke::new(1.0_f32, theme.text02);
+    visuals.widgets.inactive.rounding = r6;
+
+    visuals.widgets.hovered.bg_fill = theme.bg05;
+    visuals.widgets.hovered.weak_bg_fill = theme.bg05;
+    visuals.widgets.hovered.bg_stroke = Stroke::new(1.0_f32, theme.brand_green);
+    visuals.widgets.hovered.fg_stroke = Stroke::new(1.0_f32, theme.text01);
+    visuals.widgets.hovered.rounding = r6;
+
+    visuals.widgets.active.bg_fill = theme.brand_green;
+    visuals.widgets.active.weak_bg_fill = theme.brand_green;
+    visuals.widgets.active.bg_stroke = Stroke::new(1.0_f32, theme.brand_green_lighter);
+    visuals.widgets.active.fg_stroke = Stroke::new(1.0_f32, Color32::WHITE);
+    visuals.widgets.active.rounding = r6;
+
+    visuals.widgets.open.bg_fill = theme.bg04;
+    visuals.widgets.open.weak_bg_fill = theme.bg04;
+    visuals.widgets.open.bg_stroke = Stroke::new(1.0_f32, theme.brand_green);
+    visuals.widgets.open.fg_stroke = Stroke::new(1.0_f32, theme.text01);
+    visuals.widgets.open.rounding = r6;
+
+    style.spacing.item_spacing = Vec2::new(8.0_f32, 6.0_f32);
+    style.spacing.button_padding = Vec2::new(8.0_f32, 5.0_f32);
+    style.visuals = visuals;
+    ctx.set_style(style);
+
+    theme
+}
+
+/// Renders a rounded card container with `fill(theme.bg02)`, `rounding(8.0)`,
+/// and `inner_margin(Margin::symmetric(16.0, 12.0))`.
+pub fn ins_card<R>(
+    ui: &mut Ui,
+    theme: &InsTheme,
+    add_contents: impl FnOnce(&mut Ui) -> R,
+) -> R {
+    Frame::none()
+        .fill(theme.bg02)
+        .rounding(Rounding::same(8.0_f32))
+        .inner_margin(Margin::symmetric(16.0_f32, 12.0_f32))
+        .show(ui, add_contents)
+        .inner
+}
+
+/// Renders a 32px-tall header row with `title` on the left (14.0 strong `theme.text01`)
+/// and an optional `↺` reset button on the right (returns `true` if clicked).
+pub fn ins_section_header(
+    ui: &mut Ui,
+    title: &str,
+    theme: &InsTheme,
+    reset_tooltip: Option<&str>,
+) -> bool {
+    let mut reset_clicked = false;
+    ui.allocate_ui_with_layout(
+        Vec2::new(ui.available_width(), 32.0_f32),
+        Layout::left_to_right(Align::Center),
+        |ui| {
+            ui.label(
+                RichText::new(title)
+                    .size(14.0_f32)
+                    .strong()
+                    .color(theme.text01),
+            );
+            if let Some(tooltip) = reset_tooltip {
+                ui.with_layout(Layout::right_to_left(Align::Center), |ui| {
+                    let btn = ui.add(
+                        Button::new(RichText::new("↺").size(14.0_f32).color(theme.text03))
+                            .frame(false),
+                    );
+                    if !tooltip.is_empty() {
+                        btn.clone().on_hover_text(tooltip);
+                    }
+                    if btn.clicked() {
+                        reset_clicked = true;
+                    }
+                });
+            }
+        },
+    );
+    reset_clicked
+}
+
+/// Draws a 34.0 x 18.0 pill toggle switch (`theme.brand_green` when `*checked`,
+/// `theme.bg05` when false, white circle thumb) and returns `true` if toggled.
+pub fn ins_switch(ui: &mut Ui, checked: &mut bool, enabled: bool, theme: &InsTheme) -> bool {
+    let desired_size = Vec2::new(34.0_f32, 18.0_f32);
+    let (rect, mut response) = ui.allocate_exact_size(
+        desired_size,
+        if enabled {
+            Sense::click()
+        } else {
+            Sense::hover()
+        },
+    );
+    if enabled && response.clicked() {
+        *checked = !*checked;
+        response.mark_changed();
+    }
+    response.widget_info(|| {
+        WidgetInfo::selected(
+            WidgetType::Checkbox,
+            ui.is_enabled() && enabled,
+            *checked,
+            "",
+        )
+    });
+
+    if ui.is_rect_visible(rect) {
+        let how_on = ui.ctx().animate_bool(response.id, *checked);
+        let track_rounding = Rounding::same(rect.height() / 2.0_f32);
+
+        let track_color = if enabled {
+            if *checked {
+                theme.brand_green
+            } else {
+                theme.bg05
+            }
+        } else if *checked {
+            Color32::from_rgba_unmultiplied(
+                theme.brand_green.r(),
+                theme.brand_green.g(),
+                theme.brand_green.b(),
+                100,
+            )
+        } else {
+            theme.border01
+        };
+
+        ui.painter().rect_filled(rect, track_rounding, track_color);
+
+        let thumb_radius = (rect.height() - 4.0_f32) / 2.0_f32;
+        let min_x = rect.min.x + 2.0_f32 + thumb_radius;
+        let max_x = rect.max.x - 2.0_f32 - thumb_radius;
+        let thumb_x = egui::lerp(min_x..=max_x, how_on);
+        let thumb_center = Pos2::new(thumb_x, rect.center().y);
+        let thumb_color = if enabled {
+            Color32::WHITE
+        } else {
+            theme.text04
+        };
+
+        ui.painter()
+            .circle_filled(thumb_center, thumb_radius, thumb_color);
+    }
+
+    response.changed()
+}
+
+/// Full-width row (28px height) with `label` (13.0 `theme.text01`) + optional `?` hover tooltip
+/// on the left, and `ins_switch` on the right. Returns `true` if toggled.
+pub fn ins_switch_row(
+    ui: &mut Ui,
+    label: &str,
+    tooltip: Option<&str>,
+    checked: &mut bool,
+    enabled: bool,
+    theme: &InsTheme,
+) -> bool {
+    let row_height = 28.0_f32;
+    let (row_rect, row_response) = ui.allocate_exact_size(
+        Vec2::new(ui.available_width(), row_height),
+        if enabled {
+            Sense::click()
+        } else {
+            Sense::hover()
+        },
+    );
+
+    let mut toggled = false;
+
+    let switch_width = 34.0_f32;
+    let switch_height = 18.0_f32;
+    let switch_rect = Rect::from_min_size(
+        Pos2::new(
+            row_rect.max.x - switch_width,
+            row_rect.center().y - switch_height / 2.0_f32,
+        ),
+        Vec2::new(switch_width, switch_height),
+    );
+
+    let switch_id = row_response.id.with("switch");
+    let switch_response = ui.interact(
+        switch_rect,
+        switch_id,
+        if enabled {
+            Sense::click()
+        } else {
+            Sense::hover()
+        },
+    );
+
+    if enabled {
+        if switch_response.clicked() {
+            *checked = !*checked;
+            toggled = true;
+        } else if row_response.clicked() {
+            *checked = !*checked;
+            toggled = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if ui.is_rect_visible(row_rect) {
+        let text_color = if enabled {
+            theme.text01
+        } else {
+            theme.text04
+        };
+        let text_pos = Pos2::new(row_rect.min.x, row_rect.center().y);
+
+        let label_galley = ui.painter().layout_no_wrap(
+            label.to_string(),
+            FontId::proportional(13.0_f32),
+            text_color,
+        );
+        let label_size = label_galley.size();
+        ui.painter().galley(
+            Pos2::new(text_pos.x, text_pos.y - label_size.y / 2.0_f32),
+            label_galley,
+            text_color,
+        );
+
+        if let Some(tt) = tooltip {
+            let tip_x = text_pos.x + label_size.x + 6.0_f32;
+            let tip_rect = Rect::from_min_size(
+                Pos2::new(tip_x, text_pos.y - 8.0_f32),
+                Vec2::new(16.0_f32, 16.0_f32),
+            );
+            let tip_resp = ui.interact(tip_rect, row_response.id.with("tt"), Sense::hover());
+            let tip_color = if tip_resp.hovered() {
+                theme.text01
+            } else {
+                theme.text03
+            };
+            ui.painter().text(
+                tip_rect.center(),
+                Align2::CENTER_CENTER,
+                "?",
+                FontId::proportional(12.0_f32),
+                tip_color,
+            );
+            if !tt.is_empty() {
+                tip_resp.on_hover_text(tt);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Render switch
+        let how_on = ui.ctx().animate_bool(switch_id, *checked);
+        let track_rounding = Rounding::same(switch_rect.height() / 2.0_f32);
+        let track_color = if enabled {
+            if *checked {
+                theme.brand_green
+            } else {
+                theme.bg05
+            }
+        } else if *checked {
+            Color32::from_rgba_unmultiplied(
+                theme.brand_green.r(),
+                theme.brand_green.g(),
+                theme.brand_green.b(),
+                100,
+            )
+        } else {
+            theme.border01
+        };
+
+        ui.painter()
+            .rect_filled(switch_rect, track_rounding, track_color);
+
+        let thumb_radius = (switch_rect.height() - 4.0_f32) / 2.0_f32;
+        let min_x = switch_rect.min.x + 2.0_f32 + thumb_radius;
+        let max_x = switch_rect.max.x - 2.0_f32 - thumb_radius;
+        let thumb_x = egui::lerp(min_x..=max_x, how_on);
+        let thumb_center = Pos2::new(thumb_x, switch_rect.center().y);
+        let thumb_color = if enabled {
+            Color32::WHITE
+        } else {
+            theme.text04
+        };
+
+        ui.painter()
+            .circle_filled(thumb_center, thumb_radius, thumb_color);
+    }
+
+    toggled
+}
+
+/// Full-width row (28px height) with optional `icon_prefix` + `label` on the left
+/// and a custom 16x16 rounded checkbox (`theme.brand_green` fill + checkmark when `*checked`)
+/// on the right. Returns `true` if toggled.
+pub fn ins_checkbox_row(
+    ui: &mut Ui,
+    label: &str,
+    icon_prefix: Option<&str>,
+    tooltip: Option<&str>,
+    checked: &mut bool,
+    enabled: bool,
+    theme: &InsTheme,
+) -> bool {
+    let row_height = 28.0_f32;
+    let (row_rect, row_response) = ui.allocate_exact_size(
+        Vec2::new(ui.available_width(), row_height),
+        if enabled {
+            Sense::click()
+        } else {
+            Sense::hover()
+        },
+    );
+
+    let mut toggled = false;
+
+    let box_size = 16.0_f32;
+    let box_rect = Rect::from_min_size(
+        Pos2::new(
+            row_rect.max.x - box_size,
+            row_rect.center().y - box_size / 2.0_f32,
+        ),
+        Vec2::new(box_size, box_size),
+    );
+
+    let box_id = row_response.id.with("cb");
+    let box_response = ui.interact(
+        box_rect,
+        box_id,
+        if enabled {
+            Sense::click()
+        } else {
+            Sense::hover()
+        },
+    );
+
+    if enabled && (box_response.clicked() || row_response.clicked()) {
+        *checked = !*checked;
+        toggled = true;
+    }
+
+    if ui.is_rect_visible(row_rect) {
+        let text_color = if enabled {
+            theme.text01
+        } else {
+            theme.text04
+        };
+        let mut cur_x = row_rect.min.x;
+
+        if let Some(prefix) = icon_prefix {
+            let prefix_galley = ui.painter().layout_no_wrap(
+                prefix.to_string(),
+                FontId::proportional(14.0_f32),
+                theme.text03,
+            );
+            let p_size = prefix_galley.size();
+            ui.painter().galley(
+                Pos2::new(cur_x, row_rect.center().y - p_size.y / 2.0_f32),
+                prefix_galley,
+                theme.text03,
+            );
+            cur_x += p_size.x + 6.0_f32;
+        }
+
+        let label_galley = ui.painter().layout_no_wrap(
+            label.to_string(),
+            FontId::proportional(13.0_f32),
+            text_color,
+        );
+        let label_size = label_galley.size();
+        ui.painter().galley(
+            Pos2::new(cur_x, row_rect.center().y - label_size.y / 2.0_f32),
+            label_galley,
+            text_color,
+        );
+        cur_x += label_size.x + 6.0_f32;
+
+        if let Some(tt) = tooltip {
+            let tip_rect = Rect::from_min_size(
+                Pos2::new(cur_x, row_rect.center().y - 8.0_f32),
+                Vec2::new(16.0_f32, 16.0_f32),
+            );
+            let tip_resp = ui.interact(tip_rect, row_response.id.with("cb_tt"), Sense::hover());
+            let tip_color = if tip_resp.hovered() {
+                theme.text01
+            } else {
+                theme.text03
+            };
+            ui.painter().text(
+                tip_rect.center(),
+                Align2::CENTER_CENTER,
+                "?",
+                FontId::proportional(12.0_f32),
+                tip_color,
+            );
+            if !tt.is_empty() {
+                tip_resp.on_hover_text(tt);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Draw checkbox indicator
+        let r3 = Rounding::same(3.0_f32);
+        if *checked {
+            let fill = if enabled {
+                theme.brand_green
+            } else {
+                Color32::from_rgba_unmultiplied(
+                    theme.brand_green.r(),
+                    theme.brand_green.g(),
+                    theme.brand_green.b(),
+                    120,
+                )
+            };
+            ui.painter().rect_filled(box_rect, r3, fill);
+
+            // Dark checkmark
+            let check_color = if theme.is_light_mode {
+                Color32::WHITE
+            } else {
+                Color32::from_rgb(20, 20, 20)
+            };
+            let stroke = Stroke::new(1.8_f32, check_color);
+            let p1 = Pos2::new(box_rect.min.x + 3.5_f32, box_rect.min.y + 8.0_f32);
+            let p2 = Pos2::new(box_rect.min.x + 6.5_f32, box_rect.min.y + 11.5_f32);
+            let p3 = Pos2::new(box_rect.min.x + 12.5_f32, box_rect.min.y + 4.5_f32);
+            ui.painter().line_segment([p1, p2], stroke);
+            ui.painter().line_segment([p2, p3], stroke);
+        } else {
+            let bg = if enabled && box_response.hovered() {
+                theme.bg04
+            } else {
+                theme.bg03
+            };
+            let stroke_color = if enabled && box_response.hovered() {
+                theme.brand_green
+            } else {
+                theme.border02
+            };
+            ui.painter().rect_filled(box_rect, r3, bg);
+            ui.painter()
+                .rect_stroke(box_rect, r3, Stroke::new(1.0_f32, stroke_color));
+        }
+    }
+
+    toggled
+}
+
+/// Matches `DefSlider.qml`: top row has `label` on the left (if `Some`) and current value + `unit`
+/// on the right; bottom row has a custom full-width slider track (`theme.brand_green` left of thumb,
+/// `theme.bg05` right of thumb). Returns `true` if changed.
+pub fn ins_slider_i32(
+    ui: &mut Ui,
+    label: Option<&str>,
+    value: &mut i32,
+    min: i32,
+    max: i32,
+    unit: &str,
+    enabled: bool,
+    theme: &InsTheme,
+) -> bool {
+    let mut changed = false;
+    let initial_val = *value;
+
+    ui.vertical(|ui| {
+        // Top row
+        ui.horizontal(|ui| {
+            if let Some(lbl) = label {
+                ui.label(
+                    RichText::new(lbl).size(13.0_f32).color(if enabled {
+                        theme.text02
+                    } else {
+                        theme.text04
+                    }),
+                );
+            }
+            ui.with_layout(Layout::right_to_left(Align::Center), |ui| {
+                let val_str = format!("{}{}", *value, unit);
+                ui.label(
+                    RichText::new(val_str).size(12.0_f32).color(if enabled {
+                        theme.text01
+                    } else {
+                        theme.text04
+                    }),
+                );
+            });
+        });
+
+        // Bottom track
+        let track_height = 16.0_f32;
+        let (track_rect, response) = ui.allocate_exact_size(
+            Vec2::new(ui.available_width(), track_height),
+            if enabled {
+                Sense::click_and_drag()
+            } else {
+                Sense::hover()
+            },
+        );
+
+        let thumb_radius = 6.0_f32;
+        let min_x = track_rect.min.x + thumb_radius;
+        let max_x = track_rect.max.x - thumb_radius;
+        let range = (max - min).max(1) as f32;
+
+        if enabled && (response.clicked() || response.dragged()) {
+            if let Some(pos) = response.interact_pointer_pos() {
+                let norm = ((pos.x - min_x) / (max_x - min_x).max(1.0_f32)).clamp(0.0_f32, 1.0_f32);
+                let new_val = min + (norm * range).round() as i32;
+                let clamped_val = new_val.clamp(min, max);
+                if clamped_val != *value {
+                    *value = clamped_val;
+                    changed = true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if ui.is_rect_visible(track_rect) {
+            let norm = ((*value - min) as f32 / range).clamp(0.0_f32, 1.0_f32);
+            let thumb_x = min_x + norm * (max_x - min_x);
+            let bar_y = track_rect.center().y;
+            let bar_h = 3.0_f32;
+            let bar_rounding = Rounding::same(1.5_f32);
+
+            // Left track (brand_green)
+            let left_rect = Rect::from_min_max(
+                Pos2::new(track_rect.min.x, bar_y - bar_h / 2.0_f32),
+                Pos2::new(thumb_x, bar_y + bar_h / 2.0_f32),
+            );
+            ui.painter().rect_filled(
+                left_rect,
+                bar_rounding,
+                if enabled {
+                    theme.brand_green
+                } else {
+                    theme.border01
+                },
+            );
+
+            // Right track (bg05)
+            let right_rect = Rect::from_min_max(
+                Pos2::new(thumb_x, bar_y - bar_h / 2.0_f32),
+                Pos2::new(track_rect.max.x, bar_y + bar_h / 2.0_f32),
+            );
+            ui.painter().rect_filled(right_rect, bar_rounding, theme.bg05);
+
+            // Thumb
+            let thumb_center = Pos2::new(thumb_x, bar_y);
+            let thumb_fill = if enabled {
+                Color32::WHITE
+            } else {
+                theme.text04
+            };
+            ui.painter()
+                .circle_filled(thumb_center, thumb_radius, thumb_fill);
+            ui.painter()
+                .circle_stroke(thumb_center, thumb_radius, Stroke::new(1.0_f32, theme.border03));
+        }
+    });
+
+    changed || *value != initial_val
+}
+
+/// Matches `DefSlider.qml` for `f32`: top row has `label` and formatted value + `unit`;
+/// bottom row has custom track. Returns `true` if changed.
+pub fn ins_slider_f32(
+    ui: &mut Ui,
+    label: Option<&str>,
+    value: &mut f32,
+    min: f32,
+    max: f32,
+    step: f32,
+    decimals: usize,
+    unit: &str,
+    enabled: bool,
+    theme: &InsTheme,
+) -> bool {
+    let mut changed = false;
+    let initial_val = *value;
+
+    ui.vertical(|ui| {
+        // Top row
+        ui.horizontal(|ui| {
+            if let Some(lbl) = label {
+                ui.label(
+                    RichText::new(lbl).size(13.0_f32).color(if enabled {
+                        theme.text02
+                    } else {
+                        theme.text04
+                    }),
+                );
+            }
+            ui.with_layout(Layout::right_to_left(Align::Center), |ui| {
+                let val_str = format!("{:.decimals$}{}", *value, unit);
+                ui.label(
+                    RichText::new(val_str).size(12.0_f32).color(if enabled {
+                        theme.text01
+                    } else {
+                        theme.text04
+                    }),
+                );
+            });
+        });
+
+        // Bottom track
+        let track_height = 16.0_f32;
+        let (track_rect, response) = ui.allocate_exact_size(
+            Vec2::new(ui.available_width(), track_height),
+            if enabled {
+                Sense::click_and_drag()
+            } else {
+                Sense::hover()
+            },
+        );
+
+        let thumb_radius = 6.0_f32;
+        let min_x = track_rect.min.x + thumb_radius;
+        let max_x = track_rect.max.x - thumb_radius;
+        let range = (max - min).max(0.0001_f32);
+
+        if enabled && (response.clicked() || response.dragged()) {
+            if let Some(pos) = response.interact_pointer_pos() {
+                let norm = ((pos.x - min_x) / (max_x - min_x).max(1.0_f32)).clamp(0.0_f32, 1.0_f32);
+                let mut new_val = min + norm * range;
+                if step > 0.0_f32 {
+                    new_val = (new_val / step).round() * step;
+                }
+                let clamped_val = new_val.clamp(min, max);
+                if (clamped_val - *value).abs() > 1e-6_f32 {
+                    *value = clamped_val;
+                    changed = true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if ui.is_rect_visible(track_rect) {
+            let norm = ((*value - min) / range).clamp(0.0_f32, 1.0_f32);
+            let thumb_x = min_x + norm * (max_x - min_x);
+            let bar_y = track_rect.center().y;
+            let bar_h = 3.0_f32;
+            let bar_rounding = Rounding::same(1.5_f32);
+
+            // Left track (brand_green)
+            let left_rect = Rect::from_min_max(
+                Pos2::new(track_rect.min.x, bar_y - bar_h / 2.0_f32),
+                Pos2::new(thumb_x, bar_y + bar_h / 2.0_f32),
+            );
+            ui.painter().rect_filled(
+                left_rect,
+                bar_rounding,
+                if enabled {
+                    theme.brand_green
+                } else {
+                    theme.border01
+                },
+            );
+
+            // Right track (bg05)
+            let right_rect = Rect::from_min_max(
+                Pos2::new(thumb_x, bar_y - bar_h / 2.0_f32),
+                Pos2::new(track_rect.max.x, bar_y + bar_h / 2.0_f32),
+            );
+            ui.painter().rect_filled(right_rect, bar_rounding, theme.bg05);
+
+            // Thumb
+            let thumb_center = Pos2::new(thumb_x, bar_y);
+            let thumb_fill = if enabled {
+                Color32::WHITE
+            } else {
+                theme.text04
+            };
+            ui.painter()
+                .circle_filled(thumb_center, thumb_radius, thumb_fill);
+            ui.painter()
+                .circle_stroke(thumb_center, thumb_radius, Stroke::new(1.0_f32, theme.border03));
+        }
+    });
+
+    changed || (*value - initial_val).abs() > 1e-6_f32
+}
+
+/// Renders a tab button (`width x 32.0`, `rounding(6.0)`, `fill(if active { theme.bg03 } else { Color32::TRANSPARENT })`,
+/// text color `if active { theme.brand_green } else { theme.text02 }`). Returns `true` if clicked.
+pub fn ins_tab_button(
+    ui: &mut Ui,
+    label: &str,
+    active: bool,
+    width: f32,
+    theme: &InsTheme,
+) -> bool {
+    let size = Vec2::new(width, 32.0_f32);
+    let (rect, response) = ui.allocate_exact_size(size, Sense::click());
+
+    if ui.is_rect_visible(rect) {
+        let fill = if active {
+            theme.bg03
+        } else if response.hovered() {
+            theme.bg04
+        } else {
+            Color32::TRANSPARENT
+        };
+
+        ui.painter().rect_filled(rect, Rounding::same(6.0_f32), fill);
+
+        let text_color = if active {
+            theme.brand_green
+        } else if response.hovered() {
+            theme.text01
+        } else {
+            theme.text02
+        };
+
+        ui.painter().text(
+            rect.center(),
+            Align2::CENTER_CENTER,
+            label,
+            FontId::proportional(13.0_f32),
+            text_color,
+        );
+    }
+
+    response.clicked()
+}
+
+/// Renders a 74.0 x 52.0 mode button for `BottomControl.qml` with `icon` (18px)
+/// centered above `label` (11.5px), colored `theme.brand_green` when `active` or
+/// `theme.text01` when inactive.
+pub fn ins_bottom_mode_button(
+    ui: &mut Ui,
+    icon: &str,
+    label: &str,
+    active: bool,
+    enabled: bool,
+    theme: &InsTheme,
+) -> Response {
+    let size = Vec2::new(74.0_f32, 52.0_f32);
+    let (rect, response) = ui.allocate_exact_size(
+        size,
+        if enabled {
+            Sense::click()
+        } else {
+            Sense::hover()
+        },
+    );
+
+    if ui.is_rect_visible(rect) {
+        let r6 = Rounding::same(6.0_f32);
+        let bg_fill = if active {
+            theme.brand_light
+        } else if enabled && response.hovered() {
+            theme.bg03
+        } else {
+            Color32::TRANSPARENT
+        };
+
+        ui.painter().rect_filled(rect, r6, bg_fill);
+
+        if active {
+            ui.painter()
+                .rect_stroke(rect, r6, Stroke::new(1.0_f32, theme.brand_green));
+        }
+
+        let main_color = if !enabled {
+            theme.text04
+        } else if active {
+            theme.brand_green
+        } else {
+            theme.text01
+        };
+
+        let label_color = if !enabled {
+            theme.text04
+        } else if active {
+            theme.brand_green
+        } else {
+            theme.text02
+        };
+
+        // Icon at top
+        let icon_pos = Pos2::new(rect.center().x, rect.min.y + 18.0_f32);
+        ui.painter().text(
+            icon_pos,
+            Align2::CENTER_CENTER,
+            icon,
+            FontId::proportional(18.0_f32),
+            main_color,
+        );
+
+        // Label below
+        let label_pos = Pos2::new(rect.center().x, rect.min.y + 38.0_f32);
+        ui.painter().text(
+            label_pos,
+            Align2::CENTER_CENTER,
+            label,
+            FontId::proportional(11.5_f32),
+            label_color,
+        );
+    }
+
+    response
+}
diff --git a/crates/insta360-link-gui/src/transport.rs b/crates/insta360-link-gui/src/transport.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a017509
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/insta360-link-gui/src/transport.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+#![allow(dead_code)]
+
+use insta360_link_protocol::{
+    ct_selectors, pu_selectors, xu1_selectors, xu2_selectors, CameraModel, DiscoveredCamera,
+    MockCameraTransport, NusbTransport, TransportError, UvcControlPacketHeader,
+    UvcControlTransport, UvcRequest, UvcUnitIds,
+};
+
+/// Unified GUI transport wrapper allowing runtime switching between physical USB cameras
+/// (`NusbTransport`) and stateful in-memory camera simulators (`MockCameraTransport`).
+pub enum GuiTransport {
+    Usb(NusbTransport),
+    Mock(MockCameraTransport),
+}
+
+impl GuiTransport {
+    pub fn is_mock(&self) -> bool {
+        matches!(self, Self::Mock(_))
+    }
+
+    pub fn command_log(&self) -> Option<Vec<(UvcRequest, u8, u8, Vec<u8>)>> {
+        match self {
+            Self::Usb(_) => None,
+            Self::Mock(mock) => Some(mock.command_log()),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl UvcControlTransport for GuiTransport {
+    fn camera_info(&self) -> &DiscoveredCamera {
+        match self {
+            Self::Usb(usb) => usb.camera_info(),
+            Self::Mock(mock) => mock.camera_info(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn set_cur(&self, unit_id: u8, selector: u8, data: &[u8]) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+        match self {
+            Self::Usb(usb) => usb.set_cur(unit_id, selector, data),
+            Self::Mock(mock) => mock.set_cur(unit_id, selector, data),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn get_req(
+        &self,
+        req: UvcRequest,
+        unit_id: u8,
+        selector: u8,
+        len: usize,
+    ) -> Result<Vec<u8>, TransportError> {
+        match self {
+            Self::Usb(usb) => usb.get_req(req, unit_id, selector, len),
+            Self::Mock(mock) => mock.get_req(req, unit_id, selector, len),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Target device selection in the GUI header dropdown.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum DeviceSelection {
+    Usb(DiscoveredCamera),
+    Simulate(CameraModel),
+}
+
+impl DeviceSelection {
+    pub fn label(&self) -> String {
+        match self {
+            Self::Usb(cam) => format!(
+                "USB: {} (Bus {} Addr {} • 0x{:04x})",
+                cam.name, cam.bus_number, cam.device_address, cam.product_id
+            ),
+            Self::Simulate(model) => format!(
+                "Simulate: {} (0x{:04x})",
+                model.display_name(),
+                model.pid()
+            ),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Formats a human-readable UVC unit name for the protocol inspector.
+pub fn describe_unit(unit_id: u8, ids: &UvcUnitIds) -> &'static str {
+    if unit_id == ids.input_terminal_id {
+        "IT (Camera Terminal)"
+    } else if unit_id == ids.processing_unit_id {
+        "PU (Processing Unit)"
+    } else if unit_id == ids.extension_unit_id {
+        "XU1 (Insta360 Ext 1)"
+    } else if unit_id == ids.extension_unit2_id {
+        "XU2 (Insta360 Ext 2)"
+    } else {
+        "Unknown Unit"
+    }
+}
+
+/// Formats a human-readable UVC control selector symbol for the protocol inspector.
+pub fn describe_selector(unit_id: u8, selector: u8, ids: &UvcUnitIds) -> &'static str {
+    if unit_id == ids.input_terminal_id {
+        match selector {
+            ct_selectors::AE_MODE => "CT_AE_MODE_CONTROL",
+            ct_selectors::EXPOSURE_TIME_ABSOLUTE => "CT_EXPOSURE_TIME_ABSOLUTE",
+            ct_selectors::FOCUS_ABSOLUTE => "CT_FOCUS_ABSOLUTE",
+            ct_selectors::FOCUS_AUTO => "CT_FOCUS_AUTO",
+            ct_selectors::ZOOM_ABSOLUTE => "CT_ZOOM_ABSOLUTE",
+            ct_selectors::PANTILT_ABSOLUTE => "CT_PANTILT_ABSOLUTE",
+            ct_selectors::PANTILT_RELATIVE => "CT_PANTILT_RELATIVE",
+            ct_selectors::ROLL_ABSOLUTE => "CT_ROLL_ABSOLUTE",
+            _ => "CT_UNKNOWN",
+        }
+    } else if unit_id == ids.processing_unit_id {
+        match selector {
+            pu_selectors::BRIGHTNESS => "PU_BRIGHTNESS_CONTROL",
+            pu_selectors::CONTRAST => "PU_CONTRAST_CONTROL",
+            pu_selectors::POWER_LINE_FREQUENCY => "PU_POWER_LINE_FREQUENCY",
+            pu_selectors::SATURATION => "PU_SATURATION_CONTROL",
+            pu_selectors::SHARPNESS => "PU_SHARPNESS_CONTROL",
+            pu_selectors::WHITE_BALANCE_TEMPERATURE => "PU_WB_TEMPERATURE",
+            pu_selectors::WHITE_BALANCE_TEMPERATURE_AUTO => "PU_WB_TEMPERATURE_AUTO",
+            _ => "PU_UNKNOWN",
+        }
+    } else if unit_id == ids.extension_unit_id {
+        match selector {
+            xu1_selectors::SYSTEM_AND_PRESET_CMD => "XU1_SYSTEM_AND_PRESET_CMD",
+            xu1_selectors::VIDEO_MODE => "XU1_VIDEO_MODE",
+            xu1_selectors::TRACKING_AND_GESTURE => "XU1_TRACKING_AND_GESTURE",
+            xu1_selectors::AUDIO_CONTROL => "XU1_AUDIO_CONTROL",
+            xu1_selectors::TRACK_OBJECT_SELECT => "XU1_TRACK_OBJECT_SELECT",
+            xu1_selectors::TRACK_OBJECT_LIST_V1 => "XU1_TRACK_OBJECT_LIST_V1",
+            xu1_selectors::EXPOSURE_CURVE_AND_ISO => "XU1_EXPOSURE_CURVE_AND_ISO",
+            xu1_selectors::EXPOSURE_COMPENSATION => "XU1_EXPOSURE_COMPENSATION",
+            xu1_selectors::WHITE_BALANCE_EXT => "XU1_WHITE_BALANCE_EXT",
+            xu1_selectors::EXTEND_FUNC_BITMASK => "XU1_EXTEND_FUNC_BITMASK",
+            xu1_selectors::PANTILT_RELATIVE_EXT => "XU1_PANTILT_RELATIVE_EXT",
+            xu1_selectors::DEVICE_STATUS => "XU1_DEVICE_STATUS",
+            xu1_selectors::PTZ_VERSION_AND_ABS => "XU1_PTZ_VERSION_AND_ABS",
+            xu1_selectors::PRESET_POSITION_FLAGS => "XU1_PRESET_POSITION_FLAGS",
+            xu1_selectors::USB_MODE_SWITCH => "XU1_USB_MODE_SWITCH",
+            _ => "XU1_UNKNOWN",
+        }
+    } else if unit_id == ids.extension_unit2_id {
+        match selector {
+            xu2_selectors::GESTURE_BINDING_MAP => "XU2_GESTURE_BINDING_MAP",
+            xu2_selectors::SYSTEM_TIME_AND_IQ => "XU2_SYSTEM_TIME_AND_IQ",
+            xu2_selectors::DEVICE_INFO => "XU2_DEVICE_INFO",
+            xu2_selectors::IMAGE_TEMPLATE_INFO => "XU2_IMAGE_TEMPLATE_INFO",
+            xu2_selectors::IMAGE_TEMPLATE_NAME => "XU2_IMAGE_TEMPLATE_NAME",
+            xu2_selectors::FILTER_MODE => "XU2_FILTER_MODE",
+            xu2_selectors::PRIVACY_AND_FILL_LIGHT => "XU2_PRIVACY_AND_FILL_LIGHT",
+            xu2_selectors::HOST_PTZ => "XU2_HOST_PTZ",
+            xu2_selectors::TRACK_OBJECT_LIST_V2 => "XU2_TRACK_OBJECT_LIST_V2",
+            xu2_selectors::TRACK_FORBIDDEN_AREA => "XU2_TRACK_FORBIDDEN_AREA",
+            xu2_selectors::DEFAULT_TRACK_MODE => "XU2_DEFAULT_TRACK_MODE",
+            xu2_selectors::HORIZONTAL_CORRECTION => "XU2_HORIZONTAL_CORRECTION",
+            xu2_selectors::REAL_ZOOM_AND_UDISK => "XU2_REAL_ZOOM_AND_UDISK",
+            xu2_selectors::REPORT_DATA => "XU2_REPORT_DATA",
+            _ => "XU2_UNKNOWN",
+        }
+    } else {
+        "UNKNOWN_SELECTOR"
+    }
+}
+
+/// Formats a byte slice as space-separated lowercase hex.
+pub fn format_hex(bytes: &[u8]) -> String {
+    bytes
+        .iter()
+        .map(|b| format!("{:02x}", b))
+        .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+        .join(" ")
+}
+
+/// Computes the UVC setup packet header for display in the Protocol Inspector.
+pub fn packet_header(
+    req: UvcRequest,
+    unit_id: u8,
+    selector: u8,
+    ids: &UvcUnitIds,
+) -> UvcControlPacketHeader {
+    UvcControlPacketHeader::new(req, selector, unit_id, ids.control_interface)
+}
diff --git a/crates/insta360-link-gui/src/video_engine.rs b/crates/insta360-link-gui/src/video_engine.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7b25951
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/insta360-link-gui/src/video_engine.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,1804 @@
+use crate::state::{
+    BackgroundEffectMode, CameraAppState, CompositionStyle, FilterMode, ISO_LIST,
+    SHUTTER_DENOM_LIST,
+};
+use egui::{Color32, ColorImage, Context, TextureHandle, TextureOptions};
+use insta360_link_protocol::{TrackSpeed, UvcRect, VideoMode};
+use std::io::{Read, Write};
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
+use std::process::{Child, ChildStdin, Command, Stdio};
+use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
+use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
+use std::time::{Instant, SystemTime, UNIX_EPOCH};
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
+struct RgbFloat {
+    r: f32,
+    g: f32,
+    b: f32,
+}
+
+impl RgbFloat {
+    const fn new(r: f32, g: f32, b: f32) -> Self {
+        Self { r, g, b }
+    }
+
+    fn from_u8(r: u8, g: u8, b: u8) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            r: r as f32 / 255.0_f32,
+            g: g as f32 / 255.0_f32,
+            b: b as f32 / 255.0_f32,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn to_color32(self) -> Color32 {
+        Color32::from_rgb(
+            (self.r.clamp(0.0_f32, 1.0_f32) * 255.0_f32).round() as u8,
+            (self.g.clamp(0.0_f32, 1.0_f32) * 255.0_f32).round() as u8,
+            (self.b.clamp(0.0_f32, 1.0_f32) * 255.0_f32).round() as u8,
+        )
+    }
+
+    fn blend(self, other: Self, factor: f32) -> Self {
+        let f = factor.clamp(0.0_f32, 1.0_f32);
+        Self {
+            r: self.r * (1.0_f32 - f) + other.r * f,
+            g: self.g * (1.0_f32 - f) + other.g * f,
+            b: self.b * (1.0_f32 - f) + other.b * f,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Real-time live camera capture engine supporting hardware webcams via `ffmpeg`
+/// and a high-performance 60fps virtual studio simulator.
+pub struct VideoPreviewEngine {
+    available_devices: Vec<String>,
+    active_device: Option<String>,
+    capture_width: usize,
+    capture_height: usize,
+    capture_fps: u32,
+    capture_stop: Arc<AtomicBool>,
+    capture_child: Arc<Mutex<Option<Child>>>,
+    capture_frame: Arc<Mutex<Option<(usize, usize, Vec<u8>)>>>,
+    recording_stdin: Arc<Mutex<Option<(ChildStdin, usize, usize)>>>,
+    recording_child: Option<Child>,
+    recording_path: Option<PathBuf>,
+    texture_handle: Option<TextureHandle>,
+    latest_frame: Option<ColorImage>,
+    start_time: Instant,
+    last_frame_time: Instant,
+    auto_pan: f32,
+    auto_tilt: f32,
+    auto_zoom: f32,
+}
+
+impl Default for VideoPreviewEngine {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self::new()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for VideoPreviewEngine {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        let _ = self.stop_recording();
+        self.stop_physical_capture();
+    }
+}
+
+impl VideoPreviewEngine {
+    /// Creates a new preview engine and discovers system capture devices.
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        let mut engine = Self {
+            available_devices: Vec::new(),
+            active_device: None,
+            capture_width: 1920,
+            capture_height: 1080,
+            capture_fps: 30,
+            capture_stop: Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false)),
+            capture_child: Arc::new(Mutex::new(None)),
+            capture_frame: Arc::new(Mutex::new(None)),
+            recording_stdin: Arc::new(Mutex::new(None)),
+            recording_child: None,
+            recording_path: None,
+            texture_handle: None,
+            latest_frame: None,
+            start_time: Instant::now(),
+            last_frame_time: Instant::now(),
+            auto_pan: 0.0_f32,
+            auto_tilt: 0.0_f32,
+            auto_zoom: 1.0_f32,
+        };
+        engine.refresh_capture_devices();
+        engine
+    }
+
+    /// Updates the target capture resolution and frame rate, restarting the physical capture stream if active.
+    pub fn set_capture_format(&mut self, width: usize, height: usize, fps: u32) {
+        let w = width.max(320);
+        let h = height.max(240);
+        let f = fps.clamp(15, 60);
+        if self.capture_width == w && self.capture_height == h && self.capture_fps == f {
+            return;
+        }
+        self.capture_width = w;
+        self.capture_height = h;
+        self.capture_fps = f;
+        if let Some(dev) = self.active_device.clone() {
+            self.start_physical_capture(&dev);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the currently configured capture dimensions `(width, height)`.
+    pub fn capture_dimensions(&self) -> (usize, usize) {
+        (self.capture_width, self.capture_height)
+    }
+
+    /// List of discovered hardware capture devices.
+    pub fn available_capture_devices(&self) -> &[String] {
+        &self.available_devices
+    }
+
+    /// Currently active hardware capture device name, or None if in virtual studio mode.
+    pub fn active_capture_device(&self) -> Option<&str> {
+        self.active_device.as_deref()
+    }
+
+    /// Checks if physical camera capture is currently active.
+    pub fn is_using_physical_capture(&self) -> bool {
+        self.active_device.is_some()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns true once the background physical capture thread has decoded at least one live frame.
+    pub fn has_live_physical_frame(&self) -> bool {
+        self.active_device.is_some()
+            && self
+                .capture_frame
+                .lock()
+                .ok()
+                .map(|g| g.is_some())
+                .unwrap_or(false)
+    }
+
+    /// Refreshes the list of available physical capture devices using platform tools.
+    pub fn refresh_capture_devices(&mut self) {
+        self.available_devices.clear();
+
+        #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
+        {
+            if let Ok(output) = Command::new("ffmpeg")
+                .args(["-hide_banner", "-f", "avfoundation", "-list_devices", "true", "-i", ""])
+                .output()
+            {
+                let text = String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr);
+                let mut in_video_section = false;
+                for line in text.lines() {
+                    if line.contains("AVFoundation video devices:") {
+                        in_video_section = true;
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    if line.contains("AVFoundation audio devices:") {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    if in_video_section {
+                        // Lines look like: [AVFoundation indev @ 0x...] [0] Insta360 Link
+                        if let Some(pos) = line.find("] [") {
+                            let sub = &line[pos + 2..];
+                            if let Some(end) = sub.find(']') {
+                                let idx_str = &sub[1..end];
+                                let name = sub[end + 1..].trim();
+                                if idx_str.chars().all(|c| c.is_ascii_digit()) {
+                                    self.available_devices.push(format!("[{}] {}", idx_str, name));
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        #[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
+        {
+            for i in 0..10 {
+                let dev_path = format!("/dev/video{}", i);
+                if Path::new(&dev_path).exists() {
+                    self.available_devices.push(dev_path);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        #[cfg(target_os = "windows")]
+        {
+            if let Ok(output) = Command::new("ffmpeg")
+                .args(["-hide_banner", "-f", "dshow", "-list_devices", "true", "-i", "dummy"])
+                .output()
+            {
+                let text = String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr);
+                let mut in_video_section = false;
+                for line in text.lines() {
+                    if line.contains("DirectShow video devices") {
+                        in_video_section = true;
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    if line.contains("DirectShow audio devices") {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    if in_video_section {
+                        if let Some(start) = line.find('"') {
+                            if let Some(end) = line[start + 1..].find('"') {
+                                let name = &line[start + 1..start + 1 + end];
+                                if !name.is_empty() {
+                                    self.available_devices.push(name.to_string());
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Starts streaming video from a physical webcam via background ffmpeg process.
+    pub fn start_physical_capture(&mut self, device_spec: &str) {
+        self.stop_physical_capture();
+
+        self.active_device = Some(device_spec.to_string());
+        self.capture_stop.store(false, Ordering::SeqCst);
+
+        let device_arg = if device_spec.starts_with('[') {
+            if let Some(end) = device_spec.find(']') {
+                let name = device_spec[end + 1..].trim();
+                if !name.is_empty() {
+                    name.to_string()
+                } else {
+                    device_spec[1..end].to_string()
+                }
+            } else {
+                device_spec.to_string()
+            }
+        } else {
+            device_spec.to_string()
+        };
+
+        let stop_flag = self.capture_stop.clone();
+        let frame_buf = self.capture_frame.clone();
+        let child_store = self.capture_child.clone();
+        let rec_stdin = self.recording_stdin.clone();
+        let out_w = self.capture_width;
+        let out_h = self.capture_height;
+        let fps = self.capture_fps;
+
+        std::thread::spawn(move || {
+            let scale_filter = format!("scale={out_w}:{out_h}");
+            let frame_size = out_w * out_h * 3;
+            let mut buffer = vec![0u8; frame_size];
+
+            for attempt in 0..2 {
+                if stop_flag.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
+                    break;
+                }
+                let mut cmd = Command::new("ffmpeg");
+
+                #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
+                {
+                    // Insta360 Link AVFoundation natively supports 3840x2160, 1920x1080, 1280x720 at up to 30fps
+                    // in '420v' (nv12) and '2vuy' (uyvy422). Using nv12 matches both the official
+                    // Insta360 Link Controller (`OpenDevice` at 0x10008770c) and Chrome/Google Meet.
+                    let hw_fps = fps.min(30).to_string();
+                    let hw_size = match (out_w, out_h) {
+                        (3840, 2160) => "3840x2160",
+                        (1280, 720) => "1280x720",
+                        _ => "1920x1080",
+                    };
+                    cmd.args([
+                        "-hide_banner",
+                        "-loglevel",
+                        "error",
+                        "-f",
+                        "avfoundation",
+                        "-pixel_format",
+                        "nv12",
+                    ]);
+                    if attempt == 0 {
+                        cmd.args(["-framerate", &hw_fps, "-video_size", hw_size]);
+                    } else {
+                        cmd.args(["-framerate", "30", "-video_size", "1280x720"]);
+                    }
+                    cmd.args([
+                        "-i",
+                        &device_arg,
+                        "-fps_mode",
+                        "passthrough",
+                        "-vf",
+                        &scale_filter,
+                        "-pix_fmt",
+                        "rgb24",
+                        "-vcodec",
+                        "rawvideo",
+                        "-f",
+                        "rawvideo",
+                        "-",
+                    ]);
+                }
+
+                #[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
+                {
+                    let fps_str = fps.to_string();
+                    let out_size_arg = format!("{out_w}x{out_h}");
+                    cmd.args(["-hide_banner", "-loglevel", "error", "-f", "v4l2"]);
+                    if attempt == 0 {
+                        cmd.args(["-framerate", &fps_str, "-video_size", &out_size_arg]);
+                    }
+                    cmd.args([
+                        "-i",
+                        &device_arg,
+                        "-fps_mode",
+                        "passthrough",
+                        "-vf",
+                        &scale_filter,
+                        "-pix_fmt",
+                        "rgb24",
+                        "-vcodec",
+                        "rawvideo",
+                        "-f",
+                        "rawvideo",
+                        "-",
+                    ]);
+                }
+
+                #[cfg(target_os = "windows")]
+                {
+                    let dshow_input = format!("video={}", device_arg);
+                    let fps_str = fps.to_string();
+                    let out_size_arg = format!("{out_w}x{out_h}");
+                    cmd.args(["-hide_banner", "-loglevel", "error", "-f", "dshow"]);
+                    if attempt == 0 {
+                        cmd.args(["-framerate", &fps_str, "-video_size", &out_size_arg]);
+                    }
+                    cmd.args([
+                        "-i",
+                        &dshow_input,
+                        "-fps_mode",
+                        "passthrough",
+                        "-vf",
+                        &scale_filter,
+                        "-pix_fmt",
+                        "rgb24",
+                        "-vcodec",
+                        "rawvideo",
+                        "-f",
+                        "rawvideo",
+                        "-",
+                    ]);
+                }
+
+                cmd.stdout(Stdio::piped()).stderr(Stdio::null());
+
+                let mut child = match cmd.spawn() {
+                    Ok(c) => c,
+                    Err(_) => continue,
+                };
+
+                let mut stdout = match child.stdout.take() {
+                    Some(s) => s,
+                    None => {
+                        let _ = child.kill();
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                };
+
+                if let Ok(mut lock) = child_store.lock() {
+                    *lock = Some(child);
+                }
+
+                let mut got_any_frame = false;
+                while !stop_flag.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
+                    if stdout.read_exact(&mut buffer).is_ok() {
+                        got_any_frame = true;
+                        if let Ok(mut rec_lock) = rec_stdin.lock() {
+                            if let Some((ref mut stdin, rw, rh)) = *rec_lock {
+                                if rw == out_w && rh == out_h {
+                                    let _ = stdin.write_all(&buffer);
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                        if let Ok(mut lock) = frame_buf.lock() {
+                            *lock = Some((out_w, out_h, buffer.clone()));
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if got_any_frame {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    /// Stops background ffmpeg capture and returns to the virtual studio renderer.
+    pub fn stop_physical_capture(&mut self) {
+        self.capture_stop.store(true, Ordering::SeqCst);
+        if let Ok(mut lock) = self.capture_child.lock() {
+            if let Some(mut child) = lock.take() {
+                let _ = child.kill();
+                let _ = child.wait();
+            }
+        }
+        if let Ok(mut lock) = self.capture_frame.lock() {
+            *lock = None;
+        }
+        self.active_device = None;
+    }
+
+    /// Renders a full frame (either physical or virtual studio), processes all real-time
+    /// filters/effects, uploads to egui GPU texture, and returns the texture handle.
+    pub fn render_frame(&mut self, ctx: &Context, state: &mut CameraAppState) -> TextureHandle {
+        let now = Instant::now();
+        let dt = (now - self.last_frame_time).as_secs_f32().clamp(0.001_f32, 0.1_f32);
+        self.last_frame_time = now;
+        let elapsed = self.start_time.elapsed().as_secs_f32();
+
+        // 1. Output dimensions
+        let (out_w, out_h) = if state.low_resolution_mode {
+            if state.vertical_resolution_mode {
+                (270, 480)
+            } else {
+                (480, 270)
+            }
+        } else if state.vertical_resolution_mode {
+            (360, 640)
+        } else {
+            (640, 360)
+        };
+
+        // 2. Obtain raw RGB frame
+        let physical_opt = self.capture_frame.lock().ok().and_then(|guard| guard.clone());
+        let is_physical_active = self.is_using_physical_capture() && physical_opt.is_some();
+        let is_insta360_hw_stream = self
+            .active_device
+            .as_deref()
+            .map(|d| d.to_lowercase().contains("insta360"))
+            .unwrap_or(false);
+
+        let mut frame_pixels = if is_physical_active {
+            let (src_w, src_h, ref raw_rgb) = physical_opt.unwrap();
+            self.crop_physical_frame(
+                raw_rgb,
+                src_w,
+                src_h,
+                out_w,
+                out_h,
+                state,
+                is_insta360_hw_stream,
+            )
+        } else {
+            self.render_virtual_studio_frame(out_w, out_h, elapsed, dt, state)
+        };
+
+        // 3. Real-Time Image & Color Pipeline
+        if is_physical_active && is_insta360_hw_stream {
+            // Physical Insta360 camera applies PTZ, zoom, exposure, WB, brightness, contrast,
+            // saturation, sharpness, and mirror in hardware; apply host-side effects (filters, makeup).
+            self.apply_host_effects_only(&mut frame_pixels, state);
+        } else {
+            self.apply_image_pipeline(&mut frame_pixels, out_w, out_h, state);
+        }
+
+        // 4. Convert to egui::ColorImage
+        let mut pixels = Vec::with_capacity(out_w * out_h);
+        for p in frame_pixels {
+            pixels.push(p.to_color32());
+        }
+
+        if !is_physical_active {
+            if let Ok(mut rec_lock) = self.recording_stdin.lock() {
+                if let Some((ref mut stdin, rw, rh)) = *rec_lock {
+                    let mut rgb24 = Vec::with_capacity(rw * rh * 3);
+                    for y in 0..rh {
+                        let sy = (y * out_h) / rh.max(1);
+                        for x in 0..rw {
+                            let sx = (x * out_w) / rw.max(1);
+                            let c = pixels[sy * out_w + sx];
+                            rgb24.push(c.r());
+                            rgb24.push(c.g());
+                            rgb24.push(c.b());
+                        }
+                    }
+                    let _ = stdin.write_all(&rgb24);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        let color_image = ColorImage {
+            size: [out_w, out_h],
+            pixels,
+        };
+
+        // 5. Upload to TextureHandle
+        let texture_options = TextureOptions::LINEAR;
+        let handle = if let Some(ref mut th) = self.texture_handle {
+            th.set(color_image.clone(), texture_options);
+            th.clone()
+        } else {
+            let th = ctx.load_texture("camera_live_preview", color_image.clone(), texture_options);
+            self.texture_handle = Some(th.clone());
+            th
+        };
+
+        self.latest_frame = Some(color_image);
+        handle
+    }
+
+    /// Resizes and crops a physical camera RGB24 buffer based on PTZ state.
+    fn crop_physical_frame(
+        &self,
+        raw_rgb: &[u8],
+        src_w: usize,
+        src_h: usize,
+        out_w: usize,
+        out_h: usize,
+        state: &CameraAppState,
+        is_insta360_hw_stream: bool,
+    ) -> Vec<RgbFloat> {
+        let (zoom, center_x, center_y) = if is_insta360_hw_stream {
+            // Physical Insta360 camera performs gimbal pan/tilt and zoom in hardware
+            (1.0_f32, 0.5_f32, 0.5_f32)
+        } else {
+            (
+                state.zoom_x.max(1.0_f32),
+                state.host_ptz_x - (state.pan_deg / 120.0_f32),
+                state.host_ptz_y - (state.tilt_deg / 90.0_f32),
+            )
+        };
+
+        let mut out = Vec::with_capacity(out_w * out_h);
+        for y in 0..out_h {
+            let vy = (y as f32 + 0.5_f32) / out_h as f32;
+            for x in 0..out_w {
+                let ux = (x as f32 + 0.5_f32) / out_w as f32;
+
+                let src_u = center_x + (ux - 0.5_f32) / zoom;
+                let src_v = center_y + (vy - 0.5_f32) / zoom;
+
+                let px = (src_u.clamp(0.0_f32, 1.0_f32) * (src_w - 1) as f32).round() as usize;
+                let py = (src_v.clamp(0.0_f32, 1.0_f32) * (src_h - 1) as f32).round() as usize;
+                let idx = (py * src_w + px) * 3;
+
+                if idx + 2 < raw_rgb.len() {
+                    out.push(RgbFloat::from_u8(
+                        raw_rgb[idx],
+                        raw_rgb[idx + 1],
+                        raw_rgb[idx + 2],
+                    ));
+                } else {
+                    out.push(RgbFloat::new(0.0_f32, 0.0_f32, 0.0_f32));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        out
+    }
+
+    /// Applies host-side visual effects (Color Grading Filter LUTs and Makeup) when streaming
+    /// from a physical Insta360 camera that already performs PTZ and UVC PU/CT adjustments in hardware.
+    fn apply_host_effects_only(&self, pixels: &mut [RgbFloat], state: &CameraAppState) {
+        let makeup_weight = if state.makeup_enabled {
+            state.makeup_intensity as f32 / 100.0_f32
+        } else {
+            0.0_f32
+        };
+        if makeup_weight == 0.0_f32 && state.filter_mode == FilterMode::None {
+            return;
+        }
+        for p in pixels.iter_mut() {
+            if makeup_weight > 0.0_f32
+                && p.r > p.g
+                && p.g > p.b
+                && (p.r - p.g) > 0.04_f32
+                && (p.r - p.g) < 0.32_f32
+                && p.r > 0.32_f32
+            {
+                p.r += 0.05_f32 * makeup_weight;
+                p.g += 0.035_f32 * makeup_weight;
+                p.b += 0.035_f32 * makeup_weight;
+            }
+            apply_filter_lut(p, state.filter_mode);
+            p.r = p.r.clamp(0.0_f32, 1.0_f32);
+            p.g = p.g.clamp(0.0_f32, 1.0_f32);
+            p.b = p.b.clamp(0.0_f32, 1.0_f32);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Renders the complete virtual studio scene in world coordinates.
+    fn render_virtual_studio_frame(
+        &mut self,
+        out_w: usize,
+        out_h: usize,
+        elapsed: f32,
+        dt: f32,
+        state: &mut CameraAppState,
+    ) -> Vec<RgbFloat> {
+        // Presenter breathing & swaying motion
+        let sway_x = (elapsed * 1.3_f32).sin() * 0.007_f32 + (elapsed * 0.7_f32).cos() * 0.004_f32;
+        let breath_y = (elapsed * 2.2_f32).sin() * 0.005_f32;
+        let pres_x = 0.48_f32 + sway_x;
+        let pres_y = 0.52_f32 + breath_y;
+
+        // Determine framing target based on video mode
+        let mut target_pan = state.pan_deg;
+        let mut target_tilt = state.tilt_deg;
+        let mut target_zoom = state.zoom_x;
+
+        match state.video_mode {
+            VideoMode::WhiteBoard | VideoMode::SmartWhiteBoard => {
+                // Focus smoothly onto the whiteboard
+                target_pan = 24.0_f32;
+                target_tilt = 4.0_f32;
+                target_zoom = 2.2_f32;
+            }
+            VideoMode::DeskView | VideoMode::OverheadShot => {
+                // Tilt down onto desk
+                target_tilt = -38.0_f32;
+                target_zoom = 1.35_f32;
+            }
+            VideoMode::AutoTracking | VideoMode::AutoFraming => {
+                let (track_y_offset, track_zoom) = match state.composition_style {
+                    CompositionStyle::Head => (-0.14_f32, 2.8_f32),
+                    CompositionStyle::HalfBody => (-0.04_f32, 1.8_f32),
+                    CompositionStyle::WholeBody => (0.06_f32, 1.15_f32),
+                    CompositionStyle::Custom => (0.0_f32, 1.5_f32),
+                };
+
+                target_pan = (pres_x - 0.5_f32) * 80.0_f32;
+                target_tilt = -(pres_y + track_y_offset - 0.5_f32) * 60.0_f32;
+                target_zoom = track_zoom;
+            }
+            VideoMode::Normal => {}
+        }
+
+        // Smooth camera movement towards target
+        let alpha = match state.track_speed {
+            TrackSpeed::Slow => (dt * 3.0_f32).clamp(0.02_f32, 0.2_f32),
+            TrackSpeed::Normal => (dt * 7.0_f32).clamp(0.05_f32, 0.4_f32),
+            TrackSpeed::Fast => (dt * 15.0_f32).clamp(0.1_f32, 0.8_f32),
+        };
+
+        self.auto_pan += (target_pan - self.auto_pan) * alpha;
+        self.auto_tilt += (target_tilt - self.auto_tilt) * alpha;
+        self.auto_zoom += (target_zoom - self.auto_zoom) * alpha;
+
+        let active_pan = if state.video_mode == VideoMode::Normal {
+            state.pan_deg
+        } else {
+            self.auto_pan
+        };
+        let active_tilt = if state.video_mode == VideoMode::Normal {
+            state.tilt_deg
+        } else {
+            self.auto_tilt
+        };
+        let active_zoom = if state.video_mode == VideoMode::Normal {
+            state.zoom_x
+        } else {
+            self.auto_zoom
+        };
+
+        // Center calculation
+        let center_u = 0.5_f32 - (active_pan / 120.0_f32)
+            + (state.bias_x as f32 / 1000.0_f32)
+            + (state.host_ptz_x - 0.5_f32);
+        let center_v = 0.5_f32 - (active_tilt / 90.0_f32)
+            + (state.bias_y as f32 / 1000.0_f32)
+            + (state.host_ptz_y - 0.5_f32);
+
+        // Update live presenter tracked bounding box in 0..1000 coordinates
+        let pres_min_x = pres_x - 0.13_f32;
+        let pres_max_x = pres_x + 0.13_f32;
+        let pres_min_y = pres_y - 0.22_f32;
+        let pres_max_y = pres_y + 0.26_f32;
+
+        let scr_min_u = (pres_min_x - center_u) * active_zoom + 0.5_f32;
+        let scr_max_u = (pres_max_x - center_u) * active_zoom + 0.5_f32;
+        let scr_min_v = (pres_min_y - center_v) * active_zoom + 0.5_f32;
+        let scr_max_v = (pres_max_y - center_v) * active_zoom + 0.5_f32;
+
+        let uvc_x = ((scr_min_u.min(scr_max_u) * 1000.0_f32).clamp(0.0_f32, 1000.0_f32)) as i16;
+        let uvc_y = ((scr_min_v.min(scr_max_v) * 1000.0_f32).clamp(0.0_f32, 1000.0_f32)) as i16;
+        let uvc_w = (((scr_max_u - scr_min_u).abs() * 1000.0_f32).clamp(20.0_f32, 1000.0_f32)) as i16;
+        let uvc_h = (((scr_max_v - scr_min_v).abs() * 1000.0_f32).clamp(20.0_f32, 1000.0_f32)) as i16;
+
+        let live_target = UvcRect {
+            x: uvc_x,
+            y: uvc_y,
+            width: uvc_w,
+            height: uvc_h,
+            track_id: 0,
+        };
+        if state.tracked_targets.is_empty() {
+            state.tracked_targets.push(live_target);
+        } else {
+            state.tracked_targets[0] = live_target;
+        }
+
+        // Render base pixels
+        let mut pixels = Vec::with_capacity(out_w * out_h);
+        let mut presenter_mask = vec![false; out_w * out_h];
+
+        let deskview_active = state.video_mode == VideoMode::DeskView
+            || state.video_mode == VideoMode::OverheadShot;
+        let pitch_rad = (state.deskview_pitch as f32 / 10.0_f32).abs().to_radians();
+
+        for y in 0..out_h {
+            let v_screen = (y as f32 + 0.5_f32) / out_h as f32;
+            for x in 0..out_w {
+                let u_screen = (x as f32 + 0.5_f32) / out_w as f32;
+
+                // DeskView perspective correction
+                let (u_corr, v_corr) = if deskview_active {
+                    let desk_y = (v_screen - 0.55_f32).max(0.0_f32) / 0.45_f32;
+                    let keystone = 1.0_f32 + (1.0_f32 - desk_y) * pitch_rad.sin() * 0.9_f32;
+                    (
+                        (u_screen - 0.5_f32) * keystone + 0.5_f32,
+                        v_screen + (1.0_f32 - desk_y) * 0.12_f32,
+                    )
+                } else {
+                    (u_screen, v_screen)
+                };
+
+                // World coordinate mapping
+                let wu = center_u + (u_corr - 0.5_f32) / active_zoom;
+                let wv = center_v + (v_corr - 0.5_f32) / active_zoom;
+
+                // Test presenter hit
+                if let Some(pres_color) = sample_presenter(wu, wv, pres_x, pres_y, elapsed) {
+                    pixels.push(pres_color);
+                    presenter_mask[y * out_w + x] = true;
+                } else {
+                    let bg_color = sample_studio_background(wu, wv);
+                    pixels.push(bg_color);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Apply background effects outside the presenter silhouette
+        apply_background_effects(
+            &mut pixels,
+            &presenter_mask,
+            out_w,
+            out_h,
+            state.background_mode,
+            state.blur_intensity,
+        );
+
+        pixels
+    }
+
+    /// Full image and color grading pipeline executed on every frame.
+    fn apply_image_pipeline(
+        &self,
+        pixels: &mut [RgbFloat],
+        width: usize,
+        height: usize,
+        state: &CameraAppState,
+    ) {
+        // 1. Spatial transforms: Roll, Flips, Forced Vertical Lock
+        apply_spatial_transforms(pixels, width, height, state);
+
+        // 2. Exposure & tone curve
+        let exposure_gain = if state.auto_exposure {
+            2.0_f32.powf(state.ev_compensation * 0.5_f32)
+        } else {
+            let iso = ISO_LIST.get(state.iso_index).copied().unwrap_or(200) as f32;
+            let shutter = SHUTTER_DENOM_LIST.get(state.shutter_index).copied().unwrap_or(100) as f32;
+            (iso / 200.0_f32) * (100.0_f32 / shutter)
+        };
+
+        // Precompute 256-entry spline lookup table for manual exposure tone curve
+        let mut spline_lut = [0.0_f32; 256];
+        let points = if state.spline_points.len() >= 2 {
+            &state.spline_points
+        } else {
+            &[(0.0_f32, 0.0_f32), (1.0_f32, 1.0_f32)][..]
+        };
+        for (i, entry) in spline_lut.iter_mut().enumerate() {
+            let x = i as f32 / 255.0_f32;
+            let mut y = x;
+            for w in points.windows(2) {
+                let (x0, y0) = w[0];
+                let (x1, y1) = w[1];
+                if x >= x0 && x <= x1 {
+                    let span = (x1 - x0).max(1e-5_f32);
+                    let t = ((x - x0) / span).clamp(0.0_f32, 1.0_f32);
+                    y = y0 + t * (y1 - y0);
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            *entry = y.clamp(0.0_f32, 1.0_f32);
+        }
+
+        // 3. White balance shifts
+        let (wb_r, wb_g, wb_b) = if !state.auto_white_balance {
+            let shift = (state.wb_kelvin as f32 - 5000.0_f32) / 5000.0_f32;
+            (1.0_f32 + shift * 0.35_f32, 1.0_f32, 1.0_f32 - shift * 0.35_f32)
+        } else {
+            (1.0_f32, 1.0_f32, 1.0_f32)
+        };
+
+        // 4. Brightness, Contrast, Saturation constants
+        let bright_offset = (state.brightness as f32 - 50.0_f32) / 50.0_f32 * 0.20_f32;
+        let contrast_mult = (state.contrast as f32 / 50.0_f32).powf(1.15_f32);
+        let sat_mult = state.saturation as f32 / 50.0_f32;
+        let makeup_weight = if state.makeup_enabled {
+            state.makeup_intensity as f32 / 100.0_f32
+        } else {
+            0.0_f32
+        };
+
+        for p in pixels.iter_mut() {
+            // Apply exposure
+            p.r *= exposure_gain;
+            p.g *= exposure_gain;
+            p.b *= exposure_gain;
+
+            // Apply manual spline tone curve if not in auto-exposure
+            if !state.auto_exposure {
+                let r_idx = (p.r.clamp(0.0_f32, 1.0_f32) * 255.0_f32).round() as usize;
+                let g_idx = (p.g.clamp(0.0_f32, 1.0_f32) * 255.0_f32).round() as usize;
+                let b_idx = (p.b.clamp(0.0_f32, 1.0_f32) * 255.0_f32).round() as usize;
+                p.r = spline_lut[r_idx];
+                p.g = spline_lut[g_idx];
+                p.b = spline_lut[b_idx];
+            }
+
+            // HDR shadow lift and highlight compression
+            if state.hdr_enabled {
+                let luma = 0.299_f32 * p.r + 0.587_f32 * p.g + 0.114_f32 * p.b;
+                if luma < 0.5_f32 {
+                    let lift = (0.5_f32 - luma) * 0.35_f32;
+                    p.r += lift;
+                    p.g += lift;
+                    p.b += lift;
+                } else {
+                    let comp = (luma - 0.5_f32) * 0.25_f32;
+                    p.r -= comp;
+                    p.g -= comp;
+                    p.b -= comp;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // White balance
+            p.r *= wb_r;
+            p.g *= wb_g;
+            p.b *= wb_b;
+
+            // Brightness & Contrast
+            p.r = (p.r - 0.5_f32) * contrast_mult + 0.5_f32 + bright_offset;
+            p.g = (p.g - 0.5_f32) * contrast_mult + 0.5_f32 + bright_offset;
+            p.b = (p.b - 0.5_f32) * contrast_mult + 0.5_f32 + bright_offset;
+
+            // Saturation
+            let gray = 0.299_f32 * p.r + 0.587_f32 * p.g + 0.114_f32 * p.b;
+            p.r = gray + (p.r - gray) * sat_mult;
+            p.g = gray + (p.g - gray) * sat_mult;
+            p.b = gray + (p.b - gray) * sat_mult;
+
+            // Makeup skin brightening & smoothing
+            if makeup_weight > 0.0_f32 {
+                if p.r > p.g
+                    && p.g > p.b
+                    && (p.r - p.g) > 0.04_f32
+                    && (p.r - p.g) < 0.32_f32
+                    && p.r > 0.32_f32
+                {
+                    p.r += 0.05_f32 * makeup_weight;
+                    p.g += 0.035_f32 * makeup_weight;
+                    p.b += 0.035_f32 * makeup_weight;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Filter Color Grading LUTs
+            apply_filter_lut(p, state.filter_mode);
+
+            // Clamp channels
+            p.r = p.r.clamp(0.0_f32, 1.0_f32);
+            p.g = p.g.clamp(0.0_f32, 1.0_f32);
+            p.b = p.b.clamp(0.0_f32, 1.0_f32);
+        }
+
+        // 5. Sharpness enhancement (50 is neutral)
+        if state.sharpness != 50 {
+            apply_sharpness(pixels, width, height, state.sharpness);
+        }
+
+        // 6. Manual focus defocus blur
+        if !state.auto_focus && (state.manual_focus as i32 - 50).abs() > 8 {
+            let dist = (state.manual_focus as i32 - 50).abs() - 8;
+            let blur_r = ((dist as f32 / 42.0_f32) * 5.0_f32).round() as usize + 1;
+            apply_defocus_blur(pixels, width, height, blur_r);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Downscales the latest rendered frame to 96x54 thumbnail for UI preset tiles.
+    pub fn capture_thumbnail(&self) -> ColorImage {
+        let tw = 96;
+        let th = 54;
+        if let Some(ref src) = self.latest_frame {
+            let sw = src.size[0];
+            let sh = src.size[1];
+            let mut pixels = Vec::with_capacity(tw * th);
+            for ty in 0..th {
+                let sy = (ty * sh) / th;
+                for tx in 0..tw {
+                    let sx = (tx * sw) / tw;
+                    pixels.push(src.pixels[sy * sw + sx]);
+                }
+            }
+            ColorImage {
+                size: [tw, th],
+                pixels,
+            }
+        } else {
+            ColorImage::new([tw, th], Color32::from_rgb(22, 24, 30))
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Saves the current frame to disk as a full-resolution PNG screenshot at the selected resolution.
+    pub fn save_screenshot(&self, save_dir: &Path, state: &CameraAppState) -> Result<PathBuf, String> {
+        std::fs::create_dir_all(save_dir)
+            .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to create screenshot directory: {e}"))?;
+
+        let ts = SystemTime::now()
+            .duration_since(UNIX_EPOCH)
+            .map(|d| d.as_millis())
+            .unwrap_or(0);
+        let path = save_dir.join(format!("insta360_screenshot_{ts}.png"));
+
+        let physical_opt = self.capture_frame.lock().ok().and_then(|g| g.clone());
+        if self.is_using_physical_capture() {
+            if let Some((src_w, src_h, raw_rgb)) = physical_opt {
+                let is_insta360_hw_stream = self
+                    .active_device
+                    .as_deref()
+                    .map(|d| d.to_lowercase().contains("insta360"))
+                    .unwrap_or(false);
+                let mut pixels = self.crop_physical_frame(
+                    &raw_rgb,
+                    src_w,
+                    src_h,
+                    src_w,
+                    src_h,
+                    state,
+                    is_insta360_hw_stream,
+                );
+                if is_insta360_hw_stream {
+                    self.apply_host_effects_only(&mut pixels, state);
+                } else {
+                    self.apply_image_pipeline(&mut pixels, src_w, src_h, state);
+                }
+                let mut rgba = Vec::with_capacity(src_w * src_h * 4);
+                for p in pixels {
+                    let c = p.to_color32();
+                    rgba.push(c.r());
+                    rgba.push(c.g());
+                    rgba.push(c.b());
+                    rgba.push(255);
+                }
+                image::save_buffer(
+                    &path,
+                    &rgba,
+                    src_w as u32,
+                    src_h as u32,
+                    image::ExtendedColorType::Rgba8,
+                )
+                .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to encode screenshot PNG: {e}"))?;
+                return Ok(path);
+            }
+        }
+
+        let img = self
+            .latest_frame
+            .as_ref()
+            .ok_or_else(|| "No video frame available to save".to_string())?;
+
+        let out_w = self.capture_width.max(1);
+        let out_h = self.capture_height.max(1);
+        let sw = img.size[0].max(1);
+        let sh = img.size[1].max(1);
+        let mut rgba = Vec::with_capacity(out_w * out_h * 4);
+        for y in 0..out_h {
+            let sy = (y * sh) / out_h;
+            for x in 0..out_w {
+                let sx = (x * sw) / out_w;
+                let p = img.pixels[sy * sw + sx];
+                rgba.push(p.r());
+                rgba.push(p.g());
+                rgba.push(p.b());
+                rgba.push(p.a());
+            }
+        }
+
+        image::save_buffer(
+            &path,
+            &rgba,
+            out_w as u32,
+            out_h as u32,
+            image::ExtendedColorType::Rgba8,
+        )
+        .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to encode screenshot PNG: {e}"))?;
+
+        Ok(path)
+    }
+
+    /// Starts recording the live video feed at the selected capture resolution to an `.mp4` file.
+    pub fn start_recording(&mut self, save_dir: &Path) -> Result<PathBuf, String> {
+        let _ = self.stop_recording();
+        std::fs::create_dir_all(save_dir)
+            .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to create video directory: {e}"))?;
+
+        let ts = SystemTime::now()
+            .duration_since(UNIX_EPOCH)
+            .map(|d| d.as_millis())
+            .unwrap_or(0);
+        let path = save_dir.join(format!("insta360_video_{ts}.mp4"));
+
+        let w = self.capture_width;
+        let h = self.capture_height;
+        let fps = self.capture_fps.min(30).max(15);
+        let size_arg = format!("{w}x{h}");
+        let fps_arg = fps.to_string();
+
+        let mut cmd = Command::new("ffmpeg");
+        cmd.args([
+            "-y",
+            "-hide_banner",
+            "-loglevel",
+            "error",
+            "-f",
+            "rawvideo",
+            "-pix_fmt",
+            "rgb24",
+            "-s",
+            &size_arg,
+            "-r",
+            &fps_arg,
+            "-i",
+            "-",
+            "-c:v",
+            "libx264",
+            "-preset",
+            "ultrafast",
+            "-pix_fmt",
+            "yuv420p",
+        ])
+        .arg(&path)
+        .stdin(Stdio::piped())
+        .stdout(Stdio::null())
+        .stderr(Stdio::null());
+
+        let mut child = cmd
+            .spawn()
+            .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to spawn ffmpeg recorder: {e}"))?;
+        let stdin = child
+            .stdin
+            .take()
+            .ok_or_else(|| "Failed to open ffmpeg recorder stdin".to_string())?;
+
+        if let Ok(mut lock) = self.recording_stdin.lock() {
+            *lock = Some((stdin, w, h));
+        }
+        self.recording_child = Some(child);
+        self.recording_path = Some(path.clone());
+        Ok(path)
+    }
+
+    /// Stops an active video recording and finalizes the `.mp4` file.
+    pub fn stop_recording(&mut self) -> Result<PathBuf, String> {
+        if let Ok(mut lock) = self.recording_stdin.lock() {
+            if let Some((mut stdin, _, _)) = lock.take() {
+                let _ = stdin.flush();
+            }
+        }
+        if let Some(mut child) = self.recording_child.take() {
+            let _ = child.wait();
+        }
+        self.recording_path
+            .take()
+            .ok_or_else(|| "No active recording to stop".to_string())
+    }
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Procedural Studio Scene & Object Samplers
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+fn sample_studio_background(wu: f32, wv: f32) -> RgbFloat {
+    // 1. Desk surface at bottom
+    if wv > 0.68_f32 {
+        let desk_grain = ((wu * 180.0_f32).sin() * 0.03_f32).max(-0.02_f32);
+        let desk_base = RgbFloat::new(0.24_f32 + desk_grain, 0.17_f32 + desk_grain, 0.13_f32);
+
+        // Desk edge highlight
+        if wv < 0.688_f32 {
+            return RgbFloat::new(0.38_f32, 0.28_f32, 0.22_f32);
+        }
+
+        // Sleek desk mat
+        if (0.22_f32..0.62_f32).contains(&wu) && (0.69_f32..0.88_f32).contains(&wv) {
+            // Desk mat border stitch
+            if wu < 0.225_f32 || wu > 0.615_f32 || wv < 0.695_f32 || wv > 0.875_f32 {
+                return RgbFloat::new(0.20_f32, 0.22_f32, 0.26_f32);
+            }
+            return RgbFloat::new(0.14_f32, 0.15_f32, 0.18_f32);
+        }
+
+        // Open Laptop on desk
+        if (0.28_f32..0.44_f32).contains(&wu) && (0.62_f32..0.76_f32).contains(&wv) {
+            // Screen display
+            if (0.29_f32..0.43_f32).contains(&wu) && (0.63_f32..0.72_f32).contains(&wv) {
+                // Code editor lines
+                let line_y = ((wv - 0.63_f32) * 120.0_f32).floor() as i32;
+                if line_y % 2 == 0 {
+                    let code_hash = ((wu * 80.0_f32).floor() as i32 + line_y * 7) % 5;
+                    return match code_hash {
+                        0 => RgbFloat::new(0.35_f32, 0.65_f32, 0.95_f32), // Keyword cyan/blue
+                        1 => RgbFloat::new(0.92_f32, 0.65_f32, 0.25_f32), // Function amber
+                        2 => RgbFloat::new(0.40_f32, 0.82_f32, 0.48_f32), // String green
+                        3 => RgbFloat::new(0.85_f32, 0.45_f32, 0.75_f32), // Macro pink
+                        _ => RgbFloat::new(0.70_f32, 0.75_f32, 0.82_f32), // Text light gray
+                    };
+                }
+                return RgbFloat::new(0.10_f32, 0.12_f32, 0.16_f32);
+            }
+            // Laptop bezel and aluminum base
+            return RgbFloat::new(0.28_f32, 0.30_f32, 0.34_f32);
+        }
+
+        // Ceramic coffee mug
+        if (0.17_f32..0.21_f32).contains(&wu) && (0.70_f32..0.76_f32).contains(&wv) {
+            let mug_cx = 0.19_f32;
+            let mug_dx = (wu - mug_cx) / 0.02_f32;
+            let mug_dy = (wv - 0.705_f32) / 0.015_f32;
+            if mug_dx * mug_dx + mug_dy * mug_dy < 1.0_f32 {
+                // Coffee surface
+                return RgbFloat::new(0.16_f32, 0.09_f32, 0.06_f32);
+            }
+            return RgbFloat::new(0.78_f32, 0.34_f32, 0.22_f32); // Warm terracotta
+        }
+
+        // Spiral notebook & pen on the right
+        if (0.70_f32..0.82_f32).contains(&wu) && (0.70_f32..0.78_f32).contains(&wv) {
+            // Metallic pen resting beside notebook
+            if (0.805_f32..0.815_f32).contains(&wu) && (0.71_f32..0.77_f32).contains(&wv) {
+                return RgbFloat::new(0.75_f32, 0.78_f32, 0.84_f32);
+            }
+            // Notebook paper
+            if ((wv - 0.70_f32) * 100.0_f32).fract() < 0.15_f32 {
+                return RgbFloat::new(0.80_f32, 0.85_f32, 0.92_f32); // Light blue grid
+            }
+            return RgbFloat::new(0.95_f32, 0.94_f32, 0.90_f32); // Cream paper
+        }
+
+        return desk_base;
+    }
+
+    // 2. Wall-mounted physical Whiteboard on the right
+    if (0.52_f32..0.88_f32).contains(&wu) && (0.18_f32..0.62_f32).contains(&wv) {
+        // Outer brushed aluminum frame
+        if wu < 0.528_f32 || wu > 0.872_f32 || wv < 0.188_f32 || wv > 0.612_f32 {
+            return RgbFloat::new(0.75_f32, 0.78_f32, 0.82_f32);
+        }
+
+        // 4 Green corner markers for Smart Whiteboard
+        let corner_size = 0.024_f32;
+        let is_top_left = wu < 0.53_f32 + corner_size && wv < 0.19_f32 + corner_size;
+        let is_top_right = wu > 0.87_f32 - corner_size && wv < 0.19_f32 + corner_size;
+        let is_bot_left = wu < 0.53_f32 + corner_size && wv > 0.61_f32 - corner_size;
+        let is_bot_right = wu > 0.87_f32 - corner_size && wv > 0.61_f32 - corner_size;
+
+        if is_top_left || is_top_right || is_bot_left || is_bot_right {
+            return RgbFloat::new(0.15_f32, 0.82_f32, 0.35_f32); // Vibrant tracking green
+        }
+
+        // Drawn architecture diagram on the whiteboard
+        // Box 1: Client/Edge (Blue marker)
+        if (0.57_f32..0.65_f32).contains(&wu) && (0.23_f32..0.29_f32).contains(&wv) {
+            if wu < 0.574_f32 || wu > 0.646_f32 || wv < 0.234_f32 || wv > 0.286_f32 {
+                return RgbFloat::new(0.12_f32, 0.45_f32, 0.85_f32);
+            }
+            return RgbFloat::new(0.92_f32, 0.95_f32, 0.99_f32);
+        }
+
+        // Connecting arrow 1 (Blue marker line)
+        if (0.608_f32..0.612_f32).contains(&wu) && (0.29_f32..0.35_f32).contains(&wv) {
+            return RgbFloat::new(0.12_f32, 0.45_f32, 0.85_f32);
+        }
+
+        // Box 2: AI Core / Processing (Purple marker)
+        if (0.56_f32..0.66_f32).contains(&wu) && (0.35_f32..0.43_f32).contains(&wv) {
+            if wu < 0.564_f32 || wu > 0.656_f32 || wv < 0.354_f32 || wv > 0.426_f32 {
+                return RgbFloat::new(0.58_f32, 0.22_f32, 0.82_f32);
+            }
+            return RgbFloat::new(0.96_f32, 0.92_f32, 0.99_f32);
+        }
+
+        // Connecting arrow 2 (Purple marker line)
+        if (0.608_f32..0.612_f32).contains(&wu) && (0.43_f32..0.49_f32).contains(&wv) {
+            return RgbFloat::new(0.58_f32, 0.22_f32, 0.82_f32);
+        }
+
+        // Box 3: Cloud Database (Teal marker)
+        if (0.57_f32..0.65_f32).contains(&wu) && (0.49_f32..0.55_f32).contains(&wv) {
+            if wu < 0.574_f32 || wu > 0.646_f32 || wv < 0.494_f32 || wv > 0.546_f32 {
+                return RgbFloat::new(0.08_f32, 0.58_f32, 0.62_f32);
+            }
+            return RgbFloat::new(0.91_f32, 0.98_f32, 0.98_f32);
+        }
+
+        // Chart bars on the right side of the whiteboard
+        if (0.72_f32..0.82_f32).contains(&wu) && (0.42_f32..0.55_f32).contains(&wv) {
+            // Chart baseline
+            if wv > 0.545_f32 {
+                return RgbFloat::new(0.22_f32, 0.24_f32, 0.28_f32);
+            }
+            // Bar 1: Blue
+            if (0.73_f32..0.75_f32).contains(&wu) && wv > 0.48_f32 {
+                return RgbFloat::new(0.18_f32, 0.52_f32, 0.92_f32);
+            }
+            // Bar 2: Orange
+            if (0.76_f32..0.78_f32).contains(&wu) && wv > 0.45_f32 {
+                return RgbFloat::new(0.94_f32, 0.50_f32, 0.16_f32);
+            }
+            // Bar 3: Green
+            if (0.79_f32..0.81_f32).contains(&wu) && wv > 0.42_f32 {
+                return RgbFloat::new(0.16_f32, 0.75_f32, 0.38_f32);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Clean white whiteboard surface
+        return RgbFloat::new(0.96_f32, 0.97_f32, 0.98_f32);
+    }
+
+    // 3. Bookshelf on the left
+    if (0.04_f32..0.22_f32).contains(&wu) && (0.18_f32..0.66_f32).contains(&wv) {
+        // Shelf horizontal wooden boards
+        let is_shelf = (0.33_f32..0.35_f32).contains(&wv)
+            || (0.49_f32..0.51_f32).contains(&wv)
+            || (0.64_f32..0.66_f32).contains(&wv);
+        if is_shelf {
+            return RgbFloat::new(0.32_f32, 0.20_f32, 0.12_f32);
+        }
+
+        // Vertical book spines
+        let book_col = ((wu - 0.045_f32) / 0.024_f32).floor() as i32;
+        let book_phase = ((wu - 0.045_f32) / 0.024_f32).fract();
+        if book_phase < 0.88_f32 && book_col >= 0 && book_col < 7 {
+            let shelf_idx = if wv < 0.34_f32 {
+                0
+            } else if wv < 0.50_f32 {
+                1
+            } else {
+                2
+            };
+            let color_idx = (book_col * 3 + shelf_idx * 5) % 6;
+            return match color_idx {
+                0 => RgbFloat::new(0.12_f32, 0.22_f32, 0.42_f32), // Deep Navy
+                1 => RgbFloat::new(0.62_f32, 0.16_f32, 0.20_f32), // Ruby
+                2 => RgbFloat::new(0.18_f32, 0.42_f32, 0.25_f32), // Forest Green
+                3 => RgbFloat::new(0.82_f32, 0.62_f32, 0.18_f32), // Gold
+                4 => RgbFloat::new(0.72_f32, 0.35_f32, 0.18_f32), // Terracotta
+                _ => RgbFloat::new(0.15_f32, 0.48_f32, 0.52_f32), // Teal
+            };
+        }
+        return RgbFloat::new(0.16_f32, 0.11_f32, 0.08_f32); // Shelf shadow backboard
+    }
+
+    // 4. Acoustic wood-slat accent wall on the left
+    if wu < 0.45_f32 {
+        let slat_freq = wu * 24.0_f32;
+        let slat_idx = slat_freq.floor() as i32;
+        let slat_fract = slat_freq.fract();
+
+        // Dark acoustic felt groove between slats
+        if slat_fract < 0.22_f32 {
+            return RgbFloat::new(0.10_f32, 0.08_f32, 0.07_f32);
+        }
+
+        // Wood slat tone
+        let tone = if slat_idx % 2 == 0 {
+            RgbFloat::new(0.62_f32, 0.40_f32, 0.24_f32) // Warm teak
+        } else {
+            RgbFloat::new(0.72_f32, 0.48_f32, 0.30_f32) // Honey oak
+        };
+
+        // Key light radial glow from upper left
+        let light_dist = ((wu - 0.16_f32).powi(2) + (wv - 0.22_f32).powi(2)).sqrt();
+        let glow = (1.0_f32 - (light_dist / 0.65_f32).min(1.0_f32)).powi(2) * 0.30_f32;
+        return RgbFloat::new(
+            (tone.r + glow * 1.1_f32).min(1.0_f32),
+            (tone.g + glow * 0.9_f32).min(1.0_f32),
+            (tone.b + glow * 0.6_f32).min(1.0_f32),
+        );
+    }
+
+    // 5. Studio neutral accent wall
+    let wall_light = 0.88_f32 - (wv * 0.12_f32);
+    RgbFloat::new(wall_light * 0.95_f32, wall_light * 0.96_f32, wall_light * 0.98_f32)
+}
+
+/// Samples the animated presenter in the center. Returns Some(color) if hit.
+fn sample_presenter(wu: f32, wv: f32, px: f32, py: f32, elapsed: f32) -> Option<RgbFloat> {
+    // 1. Head & Face
+    let head_cx = px;
+    let head_cy = py - 0.14_f32;
+    let hdx = (wu - head_cx) / 0.062_f32;
+    let hdy = (wv - head_cy) / 0.078_f32;
+    let head_dist = hdx * hdx + hdy * hdy;
+
+    // Hair volume on top and sides
+    let hair_cy = head_cy - 0.025_f32;
+    let hair_dx = (wu - head_cx) / 0.068_f32;
+    let hair_dy = (wv - hair_cy) / 0.072_f32;
+    if hair_dx * hair_dx + hair_dy * hair_dy < 1.0_f32 && wv < head_cy - 0.015_f32 {
+        return Some(RgbFloat::new(0.18_f32, 0.13_f32, 0.10_f32)); // Dark brown hair
+    }
+
+    if head_dist < 1.0_f32 {
+        // Eyes
+        let eye_y = head_cy - 0.012_f32;
+        let left_eye_x = head_cx - 0.024_f32;
+        let right_eye_x = head_cx + 0.024_f32;
+
+        let is_left_eye = ((wu - left_eye_x) / 0.009_f32).powi(2)
+            + ((wv - eye_y) / 0.007_f32).powi(2)
+            < 1.0_f32;
+        let is_right_eye = ((wu - right_eye_x) / 0.009_f32).powi(2)
+            + ((wv - eye_y) / 0.007_f32).powi(2)
+            < 1.0_f32;
+
+        // Periodic natural blinking
+        let is_blinking = (elapsed % 4.2_f32) < 0.14_f32;
+
+        if is_left_eye || is_right_eye {
+            if is_blinking {
+                return Some(RgbFloat::new(0.35_f32, 0.22_f32, 0.18_f32));
+            }
+            let eye_cx = if is_left_eye { left_eye_x } else { right_eye_x };
+            // Dark pupil & iris with specular reflection
+            if (wu - eye_cx).abs() < 0.004_f32 && (wv - eye_y).abs() < 0.004_f32 {
+                if wu > eye_cx && wv < eye_y {
+                    return Some(RgbFloat::new(1.0_f32, 1.0_f32, 1.0_f32)); // Specular glint
+                }
+                return Some(RgbFloat::new(0.14_f32, 0.10_f32, 0.08_f32)); // Dark pupil
+            }
+            return Some(RgbFloat::new(0.96_f32, 0.96_f32, 0.98_f32)); // Sclera white
+        }
+
+        // Eyebrows
+        let brow_y = head_cy - 0.025_f32;
+        let left_brow = (wu - (head_cx - 0.024_f32)).abs() < 0.014_f32 && (wv - brow_y).abs() < 0.0025_f32;
+        let right_brow = (wu - (head_cx + 0.024_f32)).abs() < 0.014_f32 && (wv - brow_y).abs() < 0.0025_f32;
+        if left_brow || right_brow {
+            return Some(RgbFloat::new(0.24_f32, 0.16_f32, 0.12_f32));
+        }
+
+        // Warm smile
+        let mouth_y = head_cy + 0.040_f32;
+        let mdx = (wu - head_cx) / 0.018_f32;
+        let mdy = (wv - mouth_y) / 0.007_f32;
+        if mdx * mdx + mdy * mdy < 1.0_f32 {
+            return Some(RgbFloat::new(0.82_f32, 0.44_f32, 0.40_f32)); // Soft lip tone
+        }
+
+        // Face skin
+        let skin_shadow = (hdy * 0.05_f32).max(0.0_f32);
+        return Some(RgbFloat::new(
+            0.94_f32 - skin_shadow,
+            0.75_f32 - skin_shadow,
+            0.64_f32 - skin_shadow,
+        ));
+    }
+
+    // 2. Neck & Shirt Collar
+    if (py - 0.07_f32..py).contains(&wv) && (wu - px).abs() < 0.034_f32 {
+        // V-Neck / Shirt collar
+        if wv > py - 0.04_f32 && (wu - px).abs() < (wv - (py - 0.04_f32)) * 0.8_f32 {
+            return Some(RgbFloat::new(0.96_f32, 0.96_f32, 0.98_f32)); // Crisp white collar
+        }
+        return Some(RgbFloat::new(0.88_f32, 0.70_f32, 0.58_f32)); // Neck skin
+    }
+
+    // 3. Shoulders & Torso (Tailored Navy Blazer)
+    if wv >= py - 0.02_f32 && wv < 0.78_f32 {
+        let torso_prog = (wv - (py - 0.02_f32)) / 0.28_f32;
+        let shoulder_w = 0.08_f32 + torso_prog * 0.14_f32;
+        if (wu - px).abs() < shoulder_w {
+            // White shirt in center
+            if (wu - px).abs() < 0.018_f32 && wv < py + 0.12_f32 {
+                return Some(RgbFloat::new(0.95_f32, 0.95_f32, 0.98_f32));
+            }
+            // Navy tailored blazer
+            let blazer_highlight = (1.0_f32 - (wu - px).abs() / shoulder_w) * 0.06_f32;
+            return Some(RgbFloat::new(
+                0.14_f32 + blazer_highlight,
+                0.18_f32 + blazer_highlight,
+                0.28_f32 + blazer_highlight,
+            ));
+        }
+    }
+
+    None
+}
+
+/// Applies background blurring, bokeh, or custom replacement backdrops.
+fn apply_background_effects(
+    pixels: &mut [RgbFloat],
+    presenter_mask: &[bool],
+    width: usize,
+    height: usize,
+    mode: BackgroundEffectMode,
+    blur_intensity: u8,
+) {
+    match mode {
+        BackgroundEffectMode::None => {}
+        BackgroundEffectMode::StandardBlur | BackgroundEffectMode::NaturalBokeh => {
+            let radius = (1 + (blur_intensity as usize * 8) / 100).min(10);
+            let original = pixels.to_vec();
+
+            // Horizontal blur pass on background pixels
+            let mut temp = original.clone();
+            for y in 0..height {
+                let row_offset = y * width;
+                for x in 0..width {
+                    if presenter_mask[row_offset + x] {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    let mut sum_r = 0.0_f32;
+                    let mut sum_g = 0.0_f32;
+                    let mut sum_b = 0.0_f32;
+                    let mut count = 0.0_f32;
+
+                    let x_start = x.saturating_sub(radius);
+                    let x_end = (x + radius).min(width - 1);
+                    for kx in x_start..=x_end {
+                        let sample = original[row_offset + kx];
+                        sum_r += sample.r;
+                        sum_g += sample.g;
+                        sum_b += sample.b;
+                        count += 1.0_f32;
+                    }
+                    temp[row_offset + x] = RgbFloat::new(sum_r / count, sum_g / count, sum_b / count);
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Vertical blur pass on background pixels
+            for y in 0..height {
+                let row_offset = y * width;
+                for x in 0..width {
+                    if presenter_mask[row_offset + x] {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    let mut sum_r = 0.0_f32;
+                    let mut sum_g = 0.0_f32;
+                    let mut sum_b = 0.0_f32;
+                    let mut count = 0.0_f32;
+
+                    let y_start = y.saturating_sub(radius);
+                    let y_end = (y + radius).min(height - 1);
+                    for ky in y_start..=y_end {
+                        let sample = temp[ky * width + x];
+                        sum_r += sample.r;
+                        sum_g += sample.g;
+                        sum_b += sample.b;
+                        count += 1.0_f32;
+                    }
+                    pixels[row_offset + x] = RgbFloat::new(sum_r / count, sum_g / count, sum_b / count);
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Add warm circular bokeh light circles if in NaturalBokeh mode
+            if mode == BackgroundEffectMode::NaturalBokeh {
+                let bokeh_spots = [
+                    (0.14_f32, 0.22_f32, 0.042_f32, 0.55_f32),
+                    (0.24_f32, 0.15_f32, 0.032_f32, 0.45_f32),
+                    (0.36_f32, 0.28_f32, 0.050_f32, 0.60_f32),
+                    (0.72_f32, 0.22_f32, 0.040_f32, 0.50_f32),
+                    (0.84_f32, 0.32_f32, 0.052_f32, 0.65_f32),
+                ];
+
+                for (bx, by, brad, bint) in bokeh_spots {
+                    let cx = (bx * width as f32) as isize;
+                    let cy = (by * height as f32) as isize;
+                    let r_pix = (brad * width as f32) as isize;
+
+                    let y_min = (cy - r_pix).max(0) as usize;
+                    let y_max = (cy + r_pix).min((height - 1) as isize) as usize;
+                    let x_min = (cx - r_pix).max(0) as usize;
+                    let x_max = (cx + r_pix).min((width - 1) as isize) as usize;
+
+                    for y in y_min..=y_max {
+                        let dy = (y as f32 - cy as f32) / r_pix as f32;
+                        let row_offset = y * width;
+                        for x in x_min..=x_max {
+                            if presenter_mask[row_offset + x] {
+                                continue;
+                            }
+                            let dx = (x as f32 - cx as f32) / r_pix as f32;
+                            let dist2 = dx * dx + dy * dy;
+                            if dist2 < 1.0_f32 {
+                                // Bokeh ring edge boost
+                                let ring = (1.0_f32 - (dist2.sqrt() - 0.75_f32).abs() * 3.0_f32).max(0.4_f32);
+                                let bokeh_color = RgbFloat::new(1.0_f32, 0.86_f32, 0.60_f32);
+                                pixels[row_offset + x] = pixels[row_offset + x]
+                                    .blend(bokeh_color, bint * ring * 0.5_f32);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        BackgroundEffectMode::CustomImage(idx) => {
+            // Replace background pixels with distinct stylized backdrop
+            for y in 0..height {
+                let v = y as f32 / height as f32;
+                let row_offset = y * width;
+                for x in 0..width {
+                    if !presenter_mask[row_offset + x] {
+                        let u = x as f32 / width as f32;
+                        pixels[row_offset + x] = sample_custom_backdrop(idx, u, v);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Samples distinct stylized custom virtual backdrops.
+fn sample_custom_backdrop(idx: usize, u: f32, v: f32) -> RgbFloat {
+    match idx % 3 {
+        0 => {
+            // Modern Office: floor-to-ceiling glass window overlooking city skyline
+            if (0.32_f32..0.335_f32).contains(&u) || (0.66_f32..0.675_f32).contains(&u) {
+                return RgbFloat::new(0.24_f32, 0.28_f32, 0.35_f32); // Window mullions
+            }
+            if v > 0.65_f32 {
+                // Distant cityscape buildings
+                let bldg_idx = (u * 18.0_f32).floor() as i32;
+                let bldg_h = 0.50_f32 + ((bldg_idx * 17) % 5) as f32 * 0.04_f32;
+                if v > bldg_h {
+                    return RgbFloat::new(0.42_f32, 0.50_f32, 0.62_f32);
+                }
+            }
+            // Daylight sky gradient
+            let sky = 0.70_f32 + (1.0_f32 - v) * 0.25_f32;
+            RgbFloat::new(sky * 0.82_f32, sky * 0.90_f32, sky)
+        }
+        1 => {
+            // Minimalist Studio: slate gray acoustic panels with cyan/magenta LED ambient backlighting
+            let panel_x = (u * 14.0_f32).fract();
+            let base_panel = if panel_x < 0.12_f32 {
+                RgbFloat::new(0.08_f32, 0.09_f32, 0.11_f32)
+            } else {
+                RgbFloat::new(0.18_f32, 0.20_f32, 0.24_f32)
+            };
+            // Dual-tone LED strip gradient
+            let led_cyan = (1.0_f32 - u).powi(2) * 0.35_f32;
+            let led_magenta = u.powi(2) * 0.35_f32;
+            RgbFloat::new(
+                (base_panel.r + led_magenta).min(1.0_f32),
+                (base_panel.g + led_cyan * 0.8_f32).min(1.0_f32),
+                (base_panel.b + led_cyan + led_magenta * 0.7_f32).min(1.0_f32),
+            )
+        }
+        _ => {
+            // Warm Bookshelf: rich library wall with mahogany shelves and warm lighting
+            let shelf_y = (v * 5.0_f32).fract();
+            if shelf_y < 0.12_f32 {
+                return RgbFloat::new(0.28_f32, 0.16_f32, 0.10_f32); // Mahogany shelf
+            }
+            let book_x = (u * 22.0_f32).fract();
+            if book_x < 0.85_f32 {
+                let book_id = (u * 22.0_f32).floor() as i32 + (v * 5.0_f32).floor() as i32 * 7;
+                return match book_id % 4 {
+                    0 => RgbFloat::new(0.48_f32, 0.14_f32, 0.12_f32),
+                    1 => RgbFloat::new(0.14_f32, 0.30_f32, 0.20_f32),
+                    2 => RgbFloat::new(0.65_f32, 0.45_f32, 0.15_f32),
+                    _ => RgbFloat::new(0.12_f32, 0.20_f32, 0.35_f32),
+                };
+            }
+            RgbFloat::new(0.14_f32, 0.09_f32, 0.06_f32)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Real-Time Image Pipeline Operations
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+fn apply_spatial_transforms(
+    pixels: &mut [RgbFloat],
+    width: usize,
+    height: usize,
+    state: &CameraAppState,
+) {
+    if !state.horizontal_mirror
+        && !state.vertical_mirror
+        && !state.forced_vertical_lock
+        && state.roll_deg.abs() < 0.01_f32
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    let src = pixels.to_vec();
+    let roll_rad = state.roll_deg.to_radians();
+    let cos_r = roll_rad.cos();
+    let sin_r = roll_rad.sin();
+
+    for y in 0..height {
+        let v0 = (y as f32 + 0.5_f32) / height as f32;
+        let row_offset = y * width;
+        for x in 0..width {
+            let u0 = (x as f32 + 0.5_f32) / width as f32;
+
+            // Forced vertical lock 90-degree rotate
+            let (mut u, mut v) = if state.forced_vertical_lock {
+                (v0, 1.0_f32 - u0)
+            } else {
+                (u0, v0)
+            };
+
+            // Horizontal & vertical mirrors
+            if state.horizontal_mirror {
+                u = 1.0_f32 - u;
+            }
+            if state.vertical_mirror {
+                v = 1.0_f32 - v;
+            }
+
+            // Roll rotation
+            if state.roll_deg.abs() >= 0.01_f32 {
+                let du = u - 0.5_f32;
+                let dv = v - 0.5_f32;
+                u = cos_r * du - sin_r * dv + 0.5_f32;
+                v = sin_r * du + cos_r * dv + 0.5_f32;
+            }
+
+            let sx = (u.clamp(0.0_f32, 1.0_f32) * (width - 1) as f32).round() as usize;
+            let sy = (v.clamp(0.0_f32, 1.0_f32) * (height - 1) as f32).round() as usize;
+
+            pixels[row_offset + x] = src[sy * width + sx];
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn apply_filter_lut(p: &mut RgbFloat, mode: FilterMode) {
+    match mode {
+        FilterMode::None => {}
+        FilterMode::Style1 => {
+            // Neon cyan / magenta
+            p.r = (p.r * 1.15_f32 + 0.05_f32).clamp(0.0_f32, 1.0_f32);
+            p.g = (p.g * 0.85_f32).clamp(0.0_f32, 1.0_f32);
+            p.b = (p.b * 1.25_f32 + 0.08_f32).clamp(0.0_f32, 1.0_f32);
+        }
+        FilterMode::Style2 => {
+            // Vintage1 Sepia
+            let r_s = 0.393_f32 * p.r + 0.769_f32 * p.g + 0.189_f32 * p.b;
+            let g_s = 0.349_f32 * p.r + 0.686_f32 * p.g + 0.168_f32 * p.b;
+            let b_s = 0.272_f32 * p.r + 0.534_f32 * p.g + 0.131_f32 * p.b;
+            p.r = (p.r * 0.25_f32 + r_s * 0.75_f32).clamp(0.0_f32, 1.0_f32);
+            p.g = (p.g * 0.25_f32 + g_s * 0.75_f32).clamp(0.0_f32, 1.0_f32);
+            p.b = (p.b * 0.25_f32 + b_s * 0.75_f32).clamp(0.0_f32, 1.0_f32);
+        }
+        FilterMode::Fresh => {
+            // Crisp clean clarity
+            p.r = (p.r * 0.96_f32).clamp(0.0_f32, 1.0_f32);
+            p.g = (p.g * 1.04_f32 + 0.01_f32).clamp(0.0_f32, 1.0_f32);
+            p.b = (p.b * 1.08_f32 + 0.03_f32).clamp(0.0_f32, 1.0_f32);
+        }
+        FilterMode::Amber => {
+            // Vintage2 golden amber
+            p.r = (p.r * 1.22_f32 + 0.06_f32).clamp(0.0_f32, 1.0_f32);
+            p.g = (p.g * 1.05_f32 + 0.02_f32).clamp(0.0_f32, 1.0_f32);
+            p.b = (p.b * 0.78_f32).clamp(0.0_f32, 1.0_f32);
+        }
+        FilterMode::Film1 => {
+            // Daylight film stock
+            p.r = (p.r * 1.08_f32 + 0.03_f32).clamp(0.0_f32, 1.0_f32);
+            p.g = (p.g * 1.02_f32 + 0.02_f32).clamp(0.0_f32, 1.0_f32);
+            p.b = (p.b * 0.94_f32 + 0.04_f32).clamp(0.0_f32, 1.0_f32);
+        }
+        FilterMode::Film2 => {
+            // Portrait warm skin tone
+            p.r = (p.r * 1.12_f32 + 0.04_f32).clamp(0.0_f32, 1.0_f32);
+            p.g = (p.g * 1.03_f32 + 0.01_f32).clamp(0.0_f32, 1.0_f32);
+            p.b = (p.b * 0.96_f32).clamp(0.0_f32, 1.0_f32);
+        }
+        FilterMode::Cool => {
+            // Chilled blue cool tone
+            p.r = (p.r * 0.88_f32).clamp(0.0_f32, 1.0_f32);
+            p.g = (p.g * 0.98_f32).clamp(0.0_f32, 1.0_f32);
+            p.b = (p.b * 1.20_f32 + 0.06_f32).clamp(0.0_f32, 1.0_f32);
+        }
+        FilterMode::Warm => {
+            // Cozy sunset warm tone
+            p.r = (p.r * 1.18_f32 + 0.05_f32).clamp(0.0_f32, 1.0_f32);
+            p.g = (p.g * 1.06_f32 + 0.02_f32).clamp(0.0_f32, 1.0_f32);
+            p.b = (p.b * 0.88_f32).clamp(0.0_f32, 1.0_f32);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn apply_sharpness(pixels: &mut [RgbFloat], width: usize, height: usize, sharpness: u16) {
+    let diff = (sharpness as f32 - 50.0_f32) / 50.0_f32;
+    let strength = diff * 0.55_f32;
+    let original = pixels.to_vec();
+
+    for y in 1..height - 1 {
+        let row_offset = y * width;
+        for x in 1..width - 1 {
+            let center = original[row_offset + x];
+            let top = original[(y - 1) * width + x];
+            let bot = original[(y + 1) * width + x];
+            let left = original[row_offset + (x - 1)];
+            let right = original[row_offset + (x + 1)];
+
+            let avg_r = (top.r + bot.r + left.r + right.r) * 0.25_f32;
+            let avg_g = (top.g + bot.g + left.g + right.g) * 0.25_f32;
+            let avg_b = (top.b + bot.b + left.b + right.b) * 0.25_f32;
+
+            pixels[row_offset + x] = RgbFloat::new(
+                (center.r + (center.r - avg_r) * strength).clamp(0.0_f32, 1.0_f32),
+                (center.g + (center.g - avg_g) * strength).clamp(0.0_f32, 1.0_f32),
+                (center.b + (center.b - avg_b) * strength).clamp(0.0_f32, 1.0_f32),
+            );
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn apply_defocus_blur(pixels: &mut [RgbFloat], width: usize, height: usize, radius: usize) {
+    let original = pixels.to_vec();
+    let mut temp = original.clone();
+
+    // Horizontal box blur
+    for y in 0..height {
+        let row = y * width;
+        for x in 0..width {
+            let mut sum_r = 0.0_f32;
+            let mut sum_g = 0.0_f32;
+            let mut sum_b = 0.0_f32;
+            let mut count = 0.0_f32;
+
+            let x_start = x.saturating_sub(radius);
+            let x_end = (x + radius).min(width - 1);
+            for kx in x_start..=x_end {
+                let p = original[row + kx];
+                sum_r += p.r;
+                sum_g += p.g;
+                sum_b += p.b;
+                count += 1.0_f32;
+            }
+            temp[row + x] = RgbFloat::new(sum_r / count, sum_g / count, sum_b / count);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Vertical box blur
+    for y in 0..height {
+        let row = y * width;
+        for x in 0..width {
+            let mut sum_r = 0.0_f32;
+            let mut sum_g = 0.0_f32;
+            let mut sum_b = 0.0_f32;
+            let mut count = 0.0_f32;
+
+            let y_start = y.saturating_sub(radius);
+            let y_end = (y + radius).min(height - 1);
+            for ky in y_start..=y_end {
+                let p = temp[ky * width + x];
+                sum_r += p.r;
+                sum_g += p.g;
+                sum_b += p.b;
+                count += 1.0_f32;
+            }
+            pixels[row + x] = RgbFloat::new(sum_r / count, sum_g / count, sum_b / count);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/insta360-link-protocol/Cargo.toml b/crates/insta360-link-protocol/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9260232
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/insta360-link-protocol/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+[package]
+name = "insta360-link-protocol"
+version.workspace = true
+edition.workspace = true
+license.workspace = true
+description = "Pure-Rust cross-platform UVC & Extension Unit protocol library for Insta360 Link, Link 2, and Link 2C webcams"
+
+[dependencies]
+thiserror.workspace = true
+serde.workspace = true
+serde_json.workspace = true
+bitflags.workspace = true
+tracing.workspace = true
+nusb.workspace = true
+
+[target.'cfg(target_os = "linux")'.dependencies]
+libc = "0.2"
diff --git a/crates/insta360-link-protocol/src/codec.rs b/crates/insta360-link-protocol/src/codec.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..912e7eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/insta360-link-protocol/src/codec.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,721 @@
+use crate::types::*;
+use thiserror::Error;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Error, Clone, PartialEq)]
+pub enum CodecError {
+    #[error("payload too short: expected at least {expected} bytes, got {actual}")]
+    PayloadTooShort { expected: usize, actual: usize },
+    #[error("invalid argument: {0}")]
+    InvalidArgument(&'static str),
+}
+
+/// Encodes UVC `bmRequestType`, `bRequest`, `wValue`, `wIndex` for a UVC control transfer
+/// matching `MacUVCCameraControl::SetData` (`0x100192880`) and `GetData` (`0x10019282c`).
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct UvcControlPacketHeader {
+    pub bm_request_type: u8,
+    pub b_request: u8,
+    pub w_value: u16,
+    pub w_index: u16,
+}
+
+impl UvcControlPacketHeader {
+    pub fn new(req: UvcRequest, control_selector: u8, unit_or_terminal_id: u8, interface_num: u8) -> Self {
+        let bm_request_type = match req {
+            UvcRequest::SetCur => 0x21, // Host-to-device, Class, Interface (`0x0121` in little-endian u16 with bRequest=0x01)
+            _ => 0xa1,                  // Device-to-host, Class, Interface
+        };
+        Self {
+            bm_request_type,
+            b_request: req as u8,
+            w_value: (control_selector as u16) << 8,
+            w_index: ((unit_or_terminal_id as u16) << 8) | (interface_num as u16),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// XU1 Selector 0x01: System, Presets, Gimbal Reset, Composition Bias
+// ============================================================================
+
+/// `SetCurPresetPosition(unsigned char)` (`0x100199918`): `[0, index, 0, 0]`
+pub fn encode_set_cur_preset_position(index: u8) -> [u8; 4] {
+    [0x00, index, 0x00, 0x00]
+}
+
+/// `AddPresetPosition(unsigned char)` (`0x1001999b4`): `[1, index, 0, 0]`
+pub fn encode_add_preset_position(index: u8) -> [u8; 4] {
+    [0x01, index, 0x00, 0x00]
+}
+
+/// `DeletePresetPosition(unsigned char)` (`0x100199a54`): `[2, index, 0, 0]`
+pub fn encode_delete_preset_position(index: u8) -> [u8; 4] {
+    [0x02, index, 0x00, 0x00]
+}
+
+/// `ResetGimbal()` (`0x100196fb0`): `[3, 0, 0, 0]`
+pub fn encode_reset_gimbal() -> [u8; 4] {
+    [0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00]
+}
+
+/// `LoadFactoryDefault()` (`0x10019701c`): `[4, 0, 0, 0]`
+pub fn encode_load_factory_default() -> [u8; 4] {
+    [0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00]
+}
+
+/// `SetCompositionBias(short, short)` (`0x10019933c`): `[6, x_lo, x_hi, y_lo, y_hi]`
+pub fn encode_set_composition_bias(x: i16, y: i16) -> [u8; 5] {
+    let xb = x.to_le_bytes();
+    let yb = y.to_le_bytes();
+    [0x06, xb[0], xb[1], yb[0], yb[1]]
+}
+
+/// `EnterTrackForbiddenAreaSetting()` (`0x10019bf74`): `[7, 1, 0, 0]`
+pub fn encode_enter_track_forbidden_area_setting() -> [u8; 4] {
+    [0x07, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00]
+}
+
+/// `ExitTrackForbiddenAreaSetting()` (`0x10019bfb4`): `[8, 1, 0, 0]`
+pub fn encode_exit_track_forbidden_area_setting() -> [u8; 4] {
+    [0x08, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00]
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// XU1 Selector 0x02: Video Mode & Auxiliary Data (`0x100197088`, `0x1001978b8`)
+// ============================================================================
+
+pub fn encode_set_video_mode(mode: VideoMode, aux: &VideoModeAuxData, payload_len: usize) -> Vec<u8> {
+    let len = payload_len.clamp(8, 36);
+    let mut buf = vec![0u8; 36];
+    buf[0] = mode as u8;
+    buf[1] = aux.flags;
+    for (i, &val) in aux.rect.iter().enumerate() {
+        let off = 2 + i * 4;
+        buf[off..off + 4].copy_from_slice(&val.to_le_bytes());
+    }
+    buf[18..20].copy_from_slice(&aux.pitch.to_le_bytes());
+    buf[20..22].copy_from_slice(&aux.zoom.to_le_bytes());
+    buf[22..36].copy_from_slice(&aux.extra);
+    if len == 8 && aux.rect == [0, 0, 0, 0] {
+        buf[2..4].copy_from_slice(&aux.pitch.to_le_bytes());
+        buf[4..6].copy_from_slice(&aux.zoom.to_le_bytes());
+    }
+    buf.truncate(len);
+    buf
+}
+
+pub fn decode_get_video_mode(data: &[u8]) -> Result<(VideoMode, VideoModeAuxData), CodecError> {
+    if data.len() < 8 {
+        return Err(CodecError::PayloadTooShort {
+            expected: 8,
+            actual: data.len(),
+        });
+    }
+    let mode = VideoMode::from_u8(data[0]);
+    let mut aux = VideoModeAuxData {
+        flags: data[1],
+        ..Default::default()
+    };
+    if data.len() >= 22 {
+        for i in 0..4 {
+            let off = 2 + i * 4;
+            aux.rect[i] = i32::from_le_bytes([data[off], data[off + 1], data[off + 2], data[off + 3]]);
+        }
+        aux.pitch = i16::from_le_bytes([data[18], data[19]]);
+        aux.zoom = u16::from_le_bytes([data[20], data[21]]);
+    }
+    if data.len() >= 36 {
+        aux.extra.copy_from_slice(&data[22..36]);
+    }
+    Ok((mode, aux))
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// XU1 Selector 0x03: Tracking Speed, Composition Style, Gestures, Smart Whiteboard
+// ============================================================================
+
+/// `SetCompositionStyle` (`0x100197498`): 16-byte buffer `[6, style_u8, 0..]`
+pub fn encode_set_composition_style(style: CompositionStyle) -> [u8; 16] {
+    let mut buf = [0u8; 16];
+    buf[0] = 0x06;
+    buf[1] = style as u8;
+    buf
+}
+
+/// `GetCompositionStyle` (`0x10019750c`): reads `data[7]` from 16-byte response
+pub fn decode_get_composition_style(data: &[u8]) -> Result<CompositionStyle, CodecError> {
+    if data.len() < 8 {
+        return Err(CodecError::PayloadTooShort {
+            expected: 8,
+            actual: data.len(),
+        });
+    }
+    Ok(CompositionStyle::from_u8(data[7]))
+}
+
+/// `SetTrackSpeed` (`0x1001975bc`): 16-byte buffer `[5, speed_u8, 0..]`
+pub fn encode_set_track_speed(speed: TrackSpeed) -> [u8; 16] {
+    let mut buf = [0u8; 16];
+    buf[0] = 0x05;
+    buf[1] = speed as u8;
+    buf
+}
+
+/// `GetTrackSpeed` (`0x100197630`): reads `data[6]` from 16-byte response
+pub fn decode_get_track_speed(data: &[u8]) -> Result<TrackSpeed, CodecError> {
+    if data.len() < 7 {
+        return Err(CodecError::PayloadTooShort {
+            expected: 7,
+            actual: data.len(),
+        });
+    }
+    Ok(TrackSpeed::from_u8(data[6]))
+}
+
+/// `ForceSetSmatrWhiteBoard` (`0x1001980d0`): 16-byte buffer `[3, mode_u8, 0..]`
+pub fn encode_force_smart_whiteboard(mode: u8) -> [u8; 16] {
+    let mut buf = [0u8; 16];
+    buf[0] = 0x03;
+    buf[1] = mode;
+    buf
+}
+
+/// `EnableAllGesture` (`0x100197b54`): 16-byte buffer `[0, enable_u8, 0..]`
+pub fn encode_enable_all_gestures(enable: bool) -> [u8; 16] {
+    let mut buf = [0u8; 16];
+    buf[0] = 0x00;
+    buf[1] = u8::from(enable);
+    buf
+}
+
+/// `EnableGestureWork` (`0x100197bc8`):
+/// Reads 6 bytes `[all, ok, palm, l, v, rock]` from selector `0x03`, updates `data[gesture + 1]`,
+/// and writes `[data[0], data[1], data[2], data[3], data[4], data[5], 0..]` (16B).
+pub fn encode_enable_gesture_work(current_6b: &[u8], gesture: Gesture, enable: bool) -> [u8; 16] {
+    let mut buf = [0u8; 16];
+    for i in 0..current_6b.len().min(6) {
+        buf[i] = current_6b[i];
+    }
+    buf[0] = 0x01; // master gesture enable
+    let idx = (gesture as usize) + 1;
+    if idx < 6 {
+        buf[idx] = u8::from(enable);
+    }
+    buf
+}
+
+/// `GetGestureStatus` (`0x100198144`): decodes `[all, ok, palm, l, v, rock]` from selector `0x03`
+pub fn decode_gesture_status(data: &[u8]) -> Result<[(Gesture, bool); 5], CodecError> {
+    if data.len() < 6 {
+        return Err(CodecError::PayloadTooShort {
+            expected: 6,
+            actual: data.len(),
+        });
+    }
+    Ok([
+        (Gesture::Ok, data[1] != 0),
+        (Gesture::Palm, data[2] != 0),
+        (Gesture::LShape, data[3] != 0),
+        (Gesture::VShape, data[4] != 0),
+        (Gesture::Rock, data[5] != 0),
+    ])
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// XU1 Selector 0x04: Audio Noise Reduction & Audio Capture Mode (`0x100197798`, `0x10019bf54`)
+// ============================================================================
+
+pub fn encode_audio_control(value: u8) -> [u8; 2] {
+    [value, 0x00]
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// XU1 Selector 0x05 & 0x06 / XU2 Selector 0x0a: Track Object Rectangles (`0x100198a38`)
+// ============================================================================
+
+pub fn encode_track_rect(rect: &UvcRect) -> [u8; 10] {
+    let mut buf = [0u8; 10];
+    buf[0..2].copy_from_slice(&rect.x.to_le_bytes());
+    buf[2..4].copy_from_slice(&rect.y.to_le_bytes());
+    buf[4..6].copy_from_slice(&rect.width.to_le_bytes());
+    buf[6..8].copy_from_slice(&rect.height.to_le_bytes());
+    buf[8..10].copy_from_slice(&rect.track_id.to_le_bytes());
+    buf
+}
+
+pub fn decode_track_rect_list(data: &[u8]) -> Vec<UvcRect> {
+    let mut rects = Vec::new();
+    for chunk in data.chunks_exact(10) {
+        let x = i16::from_le_bytes([chunk[0], chunk[1]]);
+        let y = i16::from_le_bytes([chunk[2], chunk[3]]);
+        let width = i16::from_le_bytes([chunk[4], chunk[5]]);
+        let height = i16::from_le_bytes([chunk[6], chunk[7]]);
+        let track_id = i16::from_le_bytes([chunk[8], chunk[9]]);
+        if width > 0 || height > 0 {
+            rects.push(UvcRect {
+                x,
+                y,
+                width,
+                height,
+                track_id,
+            });
+        }
+    }
+    rects
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// XU1 Selector 0x07: Exposure Curve, Auto Exposure, ISO (`0x10019aaa0`–`0x10019b7d0`)
+// ============================================================================
+
+pub fn encode_exposure_curve(curve: &ExposureCurve) -> [u8; 259] {
+    let mut buf = [0u8; 259];
+    buf[0] = curve.mode;
+    buf[1..3].copy_from_slice(&curve.iso.to_le_bytes());
+    for (i, &pt) in curve.points.iter().take(128).enumerate() {
+        let off = 3 + i * 2;
+        buf[off..off + 2].copy_from_slice(&pt.to_le_bytes());
+    }
+    buf
+}
+
+pub fn decode_exposure_curve(data: &[u8]) -> Result<ExposureCurve, CodecError> {
+    if data.len() < 3 {
+        return Err(CodecError::PayloadTooShort {
+            expected: 3,
+            actual: data.len(),
+        });
+    }
+    let mode = data[0];
+    let iso = u16::from_le_bytes([data[1], data[2]]);
+    let mut points = Vec::with_capacity(128);
+    for chunk in data[3..].chunks_exact(2).take(128) {
+        points.push(u16::from_le_bytes([chunk[0], chunk[1]]));
+    }
+    Ok(ExposureCurve { mode, iso, points })
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// XU1 Selector 0x08: Exposure Compensation (`0x100198f34`)
+// ============================================================================
+
+pub fn encode_exposure_compensation(ev: f32) -> [u8; 4] {
+    ev.to_le_bytes()
+}
+
+pub fn decode_exposure_compensation(data: &[u8]) -> Result<f32, CodecError> {
+    if data.len() < 4 {
+        return Err(CodecError::PayloadTooShort {
+            expected: 4,
+            actual: data.len(),
+        });
+    }
+    Ok(f32::from_le_bytes([data[0], data[1], data[2], data[3]]))
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// XU1 Selector 0x0a: Extended Function Bitmask (`0x100199afc`–`0x10019a530`)
+// ============================================================================
+
+/// Encodes `(mask: u32, values: u32)` into the 8-byte payload for XU1 selector `0x0a`.
+/// Verified at `EnableExtendFuncWork` (`0x100199afc`), `EnableVerticalScreen` (`0x10019b7d0`),
+/// and `EnableLowResolution` (`0x10019b854`).
+pub fn encode_extend_func_bitmask(func: ExtendFunction, enable: bool, current_values: u32) -> [u8; 8] {
+    let bit = 1u32 << (func as u8);
+    let new_values = if enable {
+        current_values | bit
+    } else {
+        current_values & !bit
+    };
+    let mut buf = [0u8; 8];
+    buf[0..4].copy_from_slice(&bit.to_le_bytes());
+    buf[4..8].copy_from_slice(&new_values.to_le_bytes());
+    buf
+}
+
+/// Decodes the response from `GetExtendFuncStatus` (`0x100199a20`, XU1 selector `0x1b` or `0x0a`).
+/// Hardware returns a 2-byte `u16` LE bitmask at `data[0..2]` (or 8-byte `(mask, values)` in 8B format).
+pub fn decode_extend_func_status(data: &[u8]) -> Result<Vec<(ExtendFunction, bool)>, CodecError> {
+    if data.len() < 2 {
+        return Err(CodecError::PayloadTooShort {
+            expected: 2,
+            actual: data.len(),
+        });
+    }
+    let bits = if data.len() >= 8 && (data[4] != 0 || data[5] != 0 || (data[0] == 0xff && data[1] == 0xff)) {
+        u32::from_le_bytes([data[4], data[5], data[6], data[7]])
+    } else {
+        u16::from_le_bytes([data[0], data[1]]) as u32
+    };
+    let mut out = Vec::with_capacity(ExtendFunction::ALL.len());
+    for func in ExtendFunction::ALL {
+        let enabled = (bits & (1u32 << (func as u8))) != 0;
+        out.push((func, enabled));
+    }
+    Ok(out)
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// XU1 Selector 0x0b: Relative Pan/Tilt (`0x1001990f4`)
+// ============================================================================
+
+pub fn encode_pantilt_relative_ext(pan_speed: u8, pan_dir: i8, tilt_speed: u8, tilt_dir: i8) -> [u8; 4] {
+    let p_dir: u8 = if pan_dir == 0 || pan_speed == 0 {
+        0
+    } else if pan_dir > 0 {
+        1
+    } else {
+        0xff
+    };
+    let t_dir: u8 = if tilt_dir == 0 || tilt_speed == 0 {
+        0
+    } else if tilt_dir > 0 {
+        1
+    } else {
+        0xff
+    };
+    let p_spd = if p_dir == 0 { 1 } else { pan_speed.clamp(1, 10) };
+    let t_spd = if t_dir == 0 { 1 } else { tilt_speed.clamp(1, 10) };
+    [p_dir, p_spd, t_dir, t_spd]
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// XU1 Selector 0x0d: PTZ Version & Gimbal Absolute Angles (`0x1001993bc`, `0x1001996cc`)
+// ============================================================================
+
+pub fn decode_ptz_version_and_abs(data: &[u8]) -> Result<PtzVersionInfo, CodecError> {
+    if data.len() < 30 {
+        return Err(CodecError::PayloadTooShort {
+            expected: 30,
+            actual: data.len(),
+        });
+    }
+    let end = data[..20].iter().position(|&b| b == 0).unwrap_or(20);
+    let version = String::from_utf8_lossy(&data[..end]).into_owned();
+    let pan = i16::from_le_bytes([data[20], data[21]]);
+    let tilt = i16::from_le_bytes([data[22], data[23]]);
+    let zoom = u16::from_le_bytes([data[24], data[25]]);
+    let status = data[26];
+    Ok(PtzVersionInfo {
+        version,
+        pan,
+        tilt,
+        zoom,
+        status,
+    })
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// XU1 Selector 0x0e: Preset Position Flags (`0x1001997c0`)
+// ============================================================================
+
+pub fn decode_preset_flags(data: &[u8]) -> Result<PresetFlag, CodecError> {
+    if data.len() < 8 {
+        return Err(CodecError::PayloadTooShort {
+            expected: 8,
+            actual: data.len(),
+        });
+    }
+    let mut raw = [0u8; 8];
+    raw.copy_from_slice(&data[..8]);
+    Ok(PresetFlag {
+        slot_mask: raw[0],
+        current_slot: raw[1],
+        max_slots: raw[2].max(6),
+        raw,
+    })
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// XU2 Selector 0x02: Timestamp, IQ Switch, Factory Restore (`0x10019bd00`–`0x10019c1ac`)
+// ============================================================================
+
+/// `SetTimestamp(unsigned long long)` (`0x10019be40`): `[1, ts_le[0..8], 0..]` (10 bytes)
+pub fn encode_set_timestamp(timestamp_ms: u64) -> [u8; 10] {
+    let mut buf = [0u8; 10];
+    buf[0] = 0x01;
+    buf[1..9].copy_from_slice(&timestamp_ms.to_le_bytes());
+    buf
+}
+
+/// `SetIQSwitch(int, bool)` (`0x100199ce0`): `[2, mask_u32_le[0..4], 0..]` (10 bytes)
+pub fn encode_set_iq_switch(bit_index: u8, enable: bool, current_mask: u32) -> Result<[u8; 10], CodecError> {
+    if bit_index >= 32 {
+        return Err(CodecError::InvalidArgument("bitset argument out of range"));
+    }
+    let bit = 1u32 << bit_index;
+    let next = if enable {
+        current_mask | bit
+    } else {
+        current_mask & !bit
+    };
+    let mut buf = [0u8; 10];
+    buf[0] = 0x02;
+    buf[1..5].copy_from_slice(&next.to_le_bytes());
+    Ok(buf)
+}
+
+/// `RestoreFactorySet(bool)` (`0x10019c1ac`): `[4, 1, 0..]` if `reboot` else `[5, 1, 0..]` (10 bytes)
+pub fn encode_restore_factory_set(full_reboot: bool) -> [u8; 10] {
+    let mut buf = [0u8; 10];
+    buf[0] = if full_reboot { 0x04 } else { 0x05 };
+    buf[1] = 0x01;
+    buf
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// XU2 Selector 0x03: DeviceInfo (`GetDeviceInfo` at `0x100196e74`, 150 bytes)
+// ============================================================================
+
+fn extract_cstr(slice: &[u8]) -> String {
+    let end = slice.iter().position(|&b| b == 0).unwrap_or(slice.len());
+    String::from_utf8_lossy(&slice[..end]).trim().to_string()
+}
+
+pub fn decode_device_info(data: &[u8]) -> Result<DeviceInfo, CodecError> {
+    if data.len() < 150 {
+        return Err(CodecError::PayloadTooShort {
+            expected: 150,
+            actual: data.len(),
+        });
+    }
+    // Hardware layout (`MacUVCCameraExtendController::GetDeviceInfo` at `0x100196904`, >= 161 bytes):
+    // [0x00..0x20] = serial_num (32B, e.g. "0AB586531221284"), [0x20] = need_update (1B),
+    // [0x21..0x61] = device_uuid (64B), [0x61..0xa1] = cur_version (64B, e.g. "v1.4.5.8_build1")
+    if data.len() >= 0xa1 {
+        let sn = extract_cstr(&data[0x00..0x20]);
+        let uuid = extract_cstr(&data[0x21..0x61]);
+        let fw = extract_cstr(&data[0x61..0xa1]);
+        if !fw.is_empty() || !sn.is_empty() || !uuid.is_empty() {
+            return Ok(DeviceInfo {
+                device_name: uuid,
+                firmware_version: fw,
+                serial_number: sn,
+            });
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(DeviceInfo {
+        device_name: extract_cstr(&data[0..50]),
+        firmware_version: extract_cstr(&data[50..100]),
+        serial_number: extract_cstr(&data[100..150]),
+    })
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// XU2 Selector 0x04 & 0x05: Image Templates (`0x10019ba4c`–`0x10019bd90`)
+// ============================================================================
+
+pub fn decode_image_template_info(data: &[u8]) -> Result<ImageTemplateInfo, CodecError> {
+    if data.len() < 11 {
+        return Err(CodecError::PayloadTooShort {
+            expected: 11,
+            actual: data.len(),
+        });
+    }
+    let current_id = data[0] as i8;
+    let operation = data[1];
+    let bitmask = u64::from_le_bytes([
+        data[2], data[3], data[4], data[5], data[6], data[7], data[8], data[9],
+    ]);
+    let max_templates = data[10];
+    Ok(ImageTemplateInfo {
+        current_id,
+        operation,
+        bitmask,
+        max_templates,
+    })
+}
+
+pub fn encode_set_image_template(template_id: i8, op: ImageOperation, current_mask: u64, max_templates: u8) -> Result<[u8; 11], CodecError> {
+    if template_id < 0 || (template_id as u8) >= 64 {
+        return Err(CodecError::InvalidArgument("template_id out of range (0..64)"));
+    }
+    let next_mask = match op {
+        ImageOperation::SaveOrUpdate => current_mask | (1u64 << (template_id as u8)),
+        _ => current_mask,
+    };
+    let mut buf = [0u8; 11];
+    buf[0] = template_id as u8;
+    buf[1] = op as u8;
+    buf[2..10].copy_from_slice(&next_mask.to_le_bytes());
+    buf[10] = max_templates;
+    Ok(buf)
+}
+
+pub fn encode_delete_image_template(template_id: i8, current: &ImageTemplateInfo) -> Result<[u8; 11], CodecError> {
+    if template_id < 0 || (template_id as u8) >= 64 {
+        return Err(CodecError::InvalidArgument("template_id out of range (0..64)"));
+    }
+    let next_mask = current.bitmask & !(1u64 << (template_id as u8));
+    let mut buf = [0u8; 11];
+    buf[0] = current.current_id as u8;
+    buf[1] = current.operation;
+    buf[2..10].copy_from_slice(&next_mask.to_le_bytes());
+    buf[10] = current.max_templates;
+    Ok(buf)
+}
+
+pub fn encode_image_template_name(template_id: i8, name: &str) -> [u8; 65] {
+    let mut buf = [0u8; 65];
+    buf[0] = template_id as u8;
+    let bytes = name.as_bytes();
+    let copy_len = bytes.len().min(63);
+    buf[1..1 + copy_len].copy_from_slice(&bytes[..copy_len]);
+    buf
+}
+
+pub fn decode_image_template_name(data: &[u8]) -> Result<(i8, String), CodecError> {
+    if data.len() < 2 {
+        return Err(CodecError::PayloadTooShort {
+            expected: 2,
+            actual: data.len(),
+        });
+    }
+    let id = data[0] as i8;
+    let name = extract_cstr(&data[1..]);
+    Ok((id, name))
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// XU2 Selector 0x08: Privacy Mode & Fill Light (`0x10019c0a8`–`0x10019c168`)
+// ============================================================================
+
+pub fn encode_set_privacy_mode(enable: bool) -> [u8; 4] {
+    [0x02, u8::from(enable), 0x00, 0x00]
+}
+
+pub fn decode_privacy_mode(data: &[u8]) -> Result<(i32, bool), CodecError> {
+    if data.len() < 2 {
+        return Err(CodecError::PayloadTooShort {
+            expected: 2,
+            actual: data.len(),
+        });
+    }
+    Ok((data[0] as i32, data[1] != 0))
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// XU2 Selector 0x09: Host Digital PTZ (`SetHostPTZ` at `0x10019bec0`)
+// ============================================================================
+
+pub fn encode_host_ptz(info: &HostPtzInfo) -> [u8; 8] {
+    let mut buf = [0u8; 8];
+    buf[0..2].copy_from_slice(&info.x.to_le_bytes());
+    buf[2..4].copy_from_slice(&info.y.to_le_bytes());
+    buf[4..6].copy_from_slice(&info.width.to_le_bytes());
+    buf[6..8].copy_from_slice(&info.height.to_le_bytes());
+    buf
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// XU2 Selector 0x01: Gesture Binding Map (`GetGestureBindingMap` / `SetGestureBindingFunc` at `0x100198384`)
+// ============================================================================
+
+pub fn encode_gesture_binding(gesture: Gesture, func: GestureFunction) -> [u8; 16] {
+    let mut buf = [0u8; 16];
+    buf[0] = gesture as u8;
+    buf[1] = func as u8;
+    buf
+}
+
+pub fn decode_gesture_binding_map(data: &[u8]) -> Result<[(Gesture, GestureFunction); 5], CodecError> {
+    if data.len() < 5 {
+        return Err(CodecError::PayloadTooShort {
+            expected: 5,
+            actual: data.len(),
+        });
+    }
+    Ok([
+        (Gesture::Ok, GestureFunction::from_u8(data[0])),
+        (Gesture::Palm, GestureFunction::from_u8(data[1])),
+        (Gesture::LShape, GestureFunction::from_u8(data[2])),
+        (Gesture::VShape, GestureFunction::from_u8(data[3])),
+        (Gesture::Rock, GestureFunction::from_u8(data[4])),
+    ])
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// XU2 Selector 0x0b: Tracking Forbidden Areas (`SetTrackForbiddenArea` / `GetTrackForbiddenArea` at `0x10019bff4`)
+// ============================================================================
+
+pub fn encode_forbidden_areas(areas: &[ForbiddenAreaInfo]) -> Vec<u8> {
+    let count = areas.len().clamp(1, 4);
+    let mut buf = vec![0u8; count * 10];
+    for (i, area) in areas.iter().take(count).enumerate() {
+        let off = i * 10;
+        buf[off] = u8::from(area.enabled);
+        buf[off + 1] = area.index;
+        buf[off + 2..off + 4].copy_from_slice(&area.pan_min.to_le_bytes());
+        buf[off + 4..off + 6].copy_from_slice(&area.pan_max.to_le_bytes());
+        buf[off + 6..off + 8].copy_from_slice(&area.tilt_min.to_le_bytes());
+        buf[off + 8..off + 10].copy_from_slice(&area.tilt_max.to_le_bytes());
+    }
+    buf
+}
+
+pub fn decode_forbidden_areas(data: &[u8]) -> Vec<ForbiddenAreaInfo> {
+    let mut out = Vec::new();
+    for chunk in data.chunks_exact(10) {
+        out.push(ForbiddenAreaInfo {
+            enabled: chunk[0] != 0,
+            index: chunk[1],
+            pan_min: i16::from_le_bytes([chunk[2], chunk[3]]),
+            pan_max: i16::from_le_bytes([chunk[4], chunk[5]]),
+            tilt_min: i16::from_le_bytes([chunk[6], chunk[7]]),
+            tilt_max: i16::from_le_bytes([chunk[8], chunk[9]]),
+        });
+    }
+    out
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::ids::CameraModel;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_uvc_header_encoding() {
+        let set_hdr = UvcControlPacketHeader::new(UvcRequest::SetCur, 0x02, 0x09, 0x00);
+        assert_eq!(set_hdr.bm_request_type, 0x21);
+        assert_eq!(set_hdr.b_request, 0x01);
+        assert_eq!(set_hdr.w_value, 0x0200);
+        assert_eq!(set_hdr.w_index, 0x0900);
+
+        let get_hdr = UvcControlPacketHeader::new(UvcRequest::GetCur, 0x03, 0x0a, 0x00);
+        assert_eq!(get_hdr.bm_request_type, 0xa1);
+        assert_eq!(get_hdr.b_request, 0x81);
+        assert_eq!(get_hdr.w_value, 0x0300);
+        assert_eq!(get_hdr.w_index, 0x0a00);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_video_mode_payload_lengths() {
+        assert_eq!(CameraModel::Link.video_mode_payload_len(), 8);
+        assert_eq!(CameraModel::Link2.video_mode_payload_len(), 8);
+        assert_eq!(CameraModel::Link2C.video_mode_payload_len(), 36);
+        assert_eq!(CameraModel::Puc3Host.video_mode_payload_len(), 36);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_extend_func_bitmask_roundtrip() {
+        let encoded = encode_extend_func_bitmask(ExtendFunction::Hdr, true, 0);
+        assert_eq!(u32::from_le_bytes(encoded[0..4].try_into().unwrap()), 1 << 2);
+        assert_eq!(u32::from_le_bytes(encoded[4..8].try_into().unwrap()), 1 << 2);
+
+        let decoded = decode_extend_func_status(&encoded).unwrap();
+        let hdr_state = decoded.into_iter().find(|(f, _)| *f == ExtendFunction::Hdr).unwrap().1;
+        assert!(hdr_state);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_device_info_decode() {
+        let mut raw = [0u8; 150];
+        raw[0..15].copy_from_slice(b"Insta360 Link 2");
+        raw[50..65].copy_from_slice(b"v2.5.8.8_build1");
+        raw[100..114].copy_from_slice(b"INK2A240912345");
+        let info = decode_device_info(&raw).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(info.device_name, "Insta360 Link 2");
+        assert_eq!(info.firmware_version, "v2.5.8.8_build1");
+        assert_eq!(info.serial_number, "INK2A240912345");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/insta360-link-protocol/src/controller.rs b/crates/insta360-link-protocol/src/controller.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..179fbcd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/insta360-link-protocol/src/controller.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,1704 @@
+use crate::codec::*;
+use crate::ids::*;
+use crate::transport::{TransportError, UvcControlTransport};
+use crate::types::*;
+
+/// High-level cross-platform controller for Insta360 Link, Link 2, and Link 2C cameras.
+/// Implements all standard UVC Processing Unit (`PU_*`), Camera Terminal (`CT_*`),
+/// and proprietary Insta360 Extension Unit 1 & 2 (`XU1_*`, `XU2_*`) commands.
+pub struct Insta360CameraController<T: UvcControlTransport> {
+    transport: T,
+}
+
+impl<T: UvcControlTransport> Insta360CameraController<T> {
+    pub fn new(transport: T) -> Self {
+        Self { transport }
+    }
+
+    pub fn transport(&self) -> &T {
+        &self.transport
+    }
+
+    pub fn into_transport(self) -> T {
+        self.transport
+    }
+
+    pub fn camera_info(&self) -> &DiscoveredCamera {
+        self.transport.camera_info()
+    }
+
+    pub fn model(&self) -> CameraModel {
+        self.transport.camera_info().model
+    }
+
+    pub fn capabilities(&self) -> DeviceCapabilities {
+        self.transport.camera_info().capabilities
+    }
+
+    fn unit_ids(&self) -> UvcUnitIds {
+        self.transport.camera_info().unit_ids
+    }
+
+    fn is_hardware(&self) -> bool {
+        !self.transport.camera_info().unique_id.starts_with("mock-")
+    }
+
+    /// Queries a standard 2-byte signed/unsigned UVC range (`GET_MIN`, `GET_MAX`, `GET_RES`, `GET_DEF`).
+    fn query_range_u16(&self, unit_id: u8, selector: u8, signed: bool) -> Result<ControlRange, TransportError> {
+        let read_val = |req: UvcRequest| -> Result<i64, TransportError> {
+            let b = self.transport.get_req(req, unit_id, selector, 2)?;
+            if b.len() < 2 {
+                return Ok(0);
+            }
+            if signed {
+                Ok(i16::from_le_bytes([b[0], b[1]]) as i64)
+            } else {
+                Ok(u16::from_le_bytes([b[0], b[1]]) as i64)
+            }
+        };
+        Ok(ControlRange {
+            min: read_val(UvcRequest::GetMin)?,
+            max: read_val(UvcRequest::GetMax)?,
+            step: read_val(UvcRequest::GetRes)?,
+            default: read_val(UvcRequest::GetDef)?,
+            flags: 0,
+        })
+    }
+
+    // ========================================================================
+    // Standard UVC Processing Unit Controls (Brightness, Contrast, Saturation, Sharpness, WB, PowerLine)
+    // ========================================================================
+
+    pub fn get_brightness_range(&self) -> Result<ControlRange, TransportError> {
+        self.query_range_u16(self.unit_ids().processing_unit_id, pu_selectors::BRIGHTNESS, true)
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_brightness(&self) -> Result<i16, TransportError> {
+        let b = self.transport.get_req(
+            UvcRequest::GetCur,
+            self.unit_ids().processing_unit_id,
+            pu_selectors::BRIGHTNESS,
+            2,
+        )?;
+        Ok(i16::from_le_bytes([b.first().copied().unwrap_or(0), b.get(1).copied().unwrap_or(0)]))
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_brightness(&self, value: i16) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+        self.transport.set_cur(
+            self.unit_ids().processing_unit_id,
+            pu_selectors::BRIGHTNESS,
+            &value.to_le_bytes(),
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_contrast_range(&self) -> Result<ControlRange, TransportError> {
+        self.query_range_u16(self.unit_ids().processing_unit_id, pu_selectors::CONTRAST, false)
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_contrast(&self) -> Result<u16, TransportError> {
+        let b = self.transport.get_req(
+            UvcRequest::GetCur,
+            self.unit_ids().processing_unit_id,
+            pu_selectors::CONTRAST,
+            2,
+        )?;
+        Ok(u16::from_le_bytes([b.first().copied().unwrap_or(0), b.get(1).copied().unwrap_or(0)]))
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_contrast(&self, value: u16) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+        self.transport.set_cur(
+            self.unit_ids().processing_unit_id,
+            pu_selectors::CONTRAST,
+            &value.to_le_bytes(),
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_saturation_range(&self) -> Result<ControlRange, TransportError> {
+        self.query_range_u16(self.unit_ids().processing_unit_id, pu_selectors::SATURATION, false)
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_saturation(&self) -> Result<u16, TransportError> {
+        let b = self.transport.get_req(
+            UvcRequest::GetCur,
+            self.unit_ids().processing_unit_id,
+            pu_selectors::SATURATION,
+            2,
+        )?;
+        Ok(u16::from_le_bytes([b.first().copied().unwrap_or(0), b.get(1).copied().unwrap_or(0)]))
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_saturation(&self, value: u16) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+        self.transport.set_cur(
+            self.unit_ids().processing_unit_id,
+            pu_selectors::SATURATION,
+            &value.to_le_bytes(),
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_sharpness_range(&self) -> Result<ControlRange, TransportError> {
+        self.query_range_u16(self.unit_ids().processing_unit_id, pu_selectors::SHARPNESS, false)
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_sharpness(&self) -> Result<u16, TransportError> {
+        let b = self.transport.get_req(
+            UvcRequest::GetCur,
+            self.unit_ids().processing_unit_id,
+            pu_selectors::SHARPNESS,
+            2,
+        )?;
+        Ok(u16::from_le_bytes([b.first().copied().unwrap_or(0), b.get(1).copied().unwrap_or(0)]))
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_sharpness(&self, value: u16) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+        self.transport.set_cur(
+            self.unit_ids().processing_unit_id,
+            pu_selectors::SHARPNESS,
+            &value.to_le_bytes(),
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_white_balance_range(&self) -> Result<ControlRange, TransportError> {
+        self.query_range_u16(
+            self.unit_ids().processing_unit_id,
+            pu_selectors::WHITE_BALANCE_TEMPERATURE,
+            false,
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_white_balance_temperature(&self) -> Result<u16, TransportError> {
+        let b = self.transport.get_req(
+            UvcRequest::GetCur,
+            self.unit_ids().processing_unit_id,
+            pu_selectors::WHITE_BALANCE_TEMPERATURE,
+            2,
+        )?;
+        Ok(u16::from_le_bytes([b.first().copied().unwrap_or(0), b.get(1).copied().unwrap_or(0)]))
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_white_balance_temperature(&self, kelvin: u16) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+        self.transport.set_cur(
+            self.unit_ids().processing_unit_id,
+            pu_selectors::WHITE_BALANCE_TEMPERATURE,
+            &kelvin.to_le_bytes(),
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_auto_white_balance(&self) -> Result<bool, TransportError> {
+        let b = self.transport.get_req(
+            UvcRequest::GetCur,
+            self.unit_ids().processing_unit_id,
+            pu_selectors::WHITE_BALANCE_TEMPERATURE_AUTO,
+            1,
+        )?;
+        Ok(b.first().copied().unwrap_or(0) != 0)
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_auto_white_balance(&self, auto: bool) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+        self.transport.set_cur(
+            self.unit_ids().processing_unit_id,
+            pu_selectors::WHITE_BALANCE_TEMPERATURE_AUTO,
+            &[u8::from(auto)],
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_power_line_frequency(&self) -> Result<PowerLineFrequency, TransportError> {
+        let b = self.transport.get_req(
+            UvcRequest::GetCur,
+            self.unit_ids().processing_unit_id,
+            pu_selectors::POWER_LINE_FREQUENCY,
+            1,
+        )?;
+        Ok(PowerLineFrequency::from_u8(b.first().copied().unwrap_or(0)))
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_power_line_frequency(&self, freq: PowerLineFrequency) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+        self.transport.set_cur(
+            self.unit_ids().processing_unit_id,
+            pu_selectors::POWER_LINE_FREQUENCY,
+            &[freq as u8],
+        )
+    }
+
+    // ========================================================================
+    // Standard UVC Camera Terminal Controls (Zoom, Focus, Roll, Shutter, Pan/Tilt)
+    // ========================================================================
+
+    pub fn get_zoom_range(&self) -> Result<ControlRange, TransportError> {
+        self.query_range_u16(self.unit_ids().input_terminal_id, ct_selectors::ZOOM_ABSOLUTE, false)
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_zoom(&self) -> Result<u16, TransportError> {
+        let b = self.transport.get_req(
+            UvcRequest::GetCur,
+            self.unit_ids().input_terminal_id,
+            ct_selectors::ZOOM_ABSOLUTE,
+            2,
+        )?;
+        Ok(u16::from_le_bytes([b.first().copied().unwrap_or(100), b.get(1).copied().unwrap_or(0)]))
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_zoom(&self, zoom: u16) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+        self.transport.set_cur(
+            self.unit_ids().input_terminal_id,
+            ct_selectors::ZOOM_ABSOLUTE,
+            &zoom.to_le_bytes(),
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_auto_focus(&self) -> Result<bool, TransportError> {
+        let b = self.transport.get_req(
+            UvcRequest::GetCur,
+            self.unit_ids().input_terminal_id,
+            ct_selectors::FOCUS_AUTO,
+            1,
+        )?;
+        Ok(b.first().copied().unwrap_or(0) != 0)
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_auto_focus(&self, enabled: bool) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+        self.transport.set_cur(
+            self.unit_ids().input_terminal_id,
+            ct_selectors::FOCUS_AUTO,
+            &[u8::from(enabled)],
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_focus_range(&self) -> Result<ControlRange, TransportError> {
+        self.query_range_u16(self.unit_ids().input_terminal_id, ct_selectors::FOCUS_ABSOLUTE, false)
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_focus(&self) -> Result<u16, TransportError> {
+        let b = self.transport.get_req(
+            UvcRequest::GetCur,
+            self.unit_ids().input_terminal_id,
+            ct_selectors::FOCUS_ABSOLUTE,
+            2,
+        )?;
+        Ok(u16::from_le_bytes([b.first().copied().unwrap_or(0), b.get(1).copied().unwrap_or(0)]))
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_focus(&self, focus: u16) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+        self.transport.set_cur(
+            self.unit_ids().input_terminal_id,
+            ct_selectors::FOCUS_ABSOLUTE,
+            &focus.to_le_bytes(),
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_roll(&self) -> Result<i16, TransportError> {
+        let b = self.transport.get_req(
+            UvcRequest::GetCur,
+            self.unit_ids().input_terminal_id,
+            ct_selectors::ROLL_ABSOLUTE,
+            2,
+        )?;
+        Ok(i16::from_le_bytes([b.first().copied().unwrap_or(0), b.get(1).copied().unwrap_or(0)]))
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_roll(&self, roll_tenths_deg: i16) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+        self.transport.set_cur(
+            self.unit_ids().input_terminal_id,
+            ct_selectors::ROLL_ABSOLUTE,
+            &roll_tenths_deg.to_le_bytes(),
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_shutter_speed(&self) -> Result<u32, TransportError> {
+        if self.is_hardware() {
+            // `MacUVCCameraController::GetShutterSpeed` (`0x100195804`): XU1 selector `0x1d` (2 bytes u16_le)
+            if let Ok(b) = self.transport.get_req(
+                UvcRequest::GetCur,
+                self.unit_ids().extension_unit_id,
+                0x1d,
+                2,
+            ) {
+                if b.len() >= 2 {
+                    return Ok(u16::from_le_bytes([b[0], b[1]]) as u32);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        let b = self.transport.get_req(
+            UvcRequest::GetCur,
+            self.unit_ids().input_terminal_id,
+            ct_selectors::EXPOSURE_TIME_ABSOLUTE,
+            4,
+        )?;
+        if b.len() < 4 {
+            return Ok(0);
+        }
+        Ok(u32::from_le_bytes([b[0], b[1], b[2], b[3]]))
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_shutter_speed(&self, exposure_time: u32) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+        if self.is_hardware() {
+            // `MacUVCCameraController::SetShutterSpeed` (`0x10019577c`): XU1 selector `0x1d` (2 bytes u16_le)
+            let denom = (exposure_time as u16).to_le_bytes();
+            return self.transport.set_cur(
+                self.unit_ids().extension_unit_id,
+                0x1d,
+                &denom,
+            );
+        }
+        self.transport.set_cur(
+            self.unit_ids().input_terminal_id,
+            ct_selectors::EXPOSURE_TIME_ABSOLUTE,
+            &exposure_time.to_le_bytes(),
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_pantilt_absolute(&self) -> Result<(i32, i32), TransportError> {
+        if self.is_hardware() {
+            // `MacUVCCameraExtendController::GetPanTiltAbsoluteValue` (`0x10019a614`) & `savePTZ` (`0x100098b94`..`0x100098c8c`):
+            // XU1 selector `0x1a` (8 bytes) stores `[tilt_arcsec_i32_le, pan_arcsec_i32_le]`.
+            if let Ok(b) = self.transport.get_req(
+                UvcRequest::GetCur,
+                self.unit_ids().extension_unit_id,
+                0x1a,
+                8,
+            ) {
+                if b.len() >= 8 {
+                    let tilt = i32::from_le_bytes([b[0], b[1], b[2], b[3]]);
+                    let pan = i32::from_le_bytes([b[4], b[5], b[6], b[7]]);
+                    return Ok((pan, tilt));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        let b = self.transport.get_req(
+            UvcRequest::GetCur,
+            self.unit_ids().input_terminal_id,
+            ct_selectors::PANTILT_ABSOLUTE,
+            8,
+        )?;
+        if b.len() < 8 {
+            return Ok((0, 0));
+        }
+        let pan = i32::from_le_bytes([b[0], b[1], b[2], b[3]]);
+        let tilt = i32::from_le_bytes([b[4], b[5], b[6], b[7]]);
+        Ok((pan, tilt))
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_pantilt_absolute(&self, pan_arcsec: i32, tilt_arcsec: i32) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+        if self.is_hardware() {
+            // `MacUVCCameraExtendController::SetPanTiltAbsolute` (`0x10019a6b0`) & `usePTZ` (`0x10009a760`..`0x10009a770`):
+            // XU1 selector `0x1a` (8 bytes) expects `[tilt_arcsec_i32_le, pan_arcsec_i32_le]`.
+            let mut xu_payload = [0u8; 8];
+            xu_payload[0..4].copy_from_slice(&tilt_arcsec.to_le_bytes());
+            xu_payload[4..8].copy_from_slice(&pan_arcsec.to_le_bytes());
+            if self
+                .transport
+                .set_cur(self.unit_ids().extension_unit_id, 0x1a, &xu_payload)
+                .is_ok()
+            {
+                return Ok(());
+            }
+        }
+        let mut payload = [0u8; 8];
+        payload[0..4].copy_from_slice(&pan_arcsec.to_le_bytes());
+        payload[4..8].copy_from_slice(&tilt_arcsec.to_le_bytes());
+        self.transport.set_cur(
+            self.unit_ids().input_terminal_id,
+            ct_selectors::PANTILT_ABSOLUTE,
+            &payload,
+        )
+    }
+
+    // ========================================================================
+    // Insta360 Extension Unit 1 & 2 Controls (`MacUVCCameraExtendController`)
+    // ========================================================================
+
+    pub fn get_device_info(&self) -> Result<DeviceInfo, TransportError> {
+        if self.is_hardware() {
+            // `MacUVCCameraExtendController::GetDeviceInfo` (`0x1001967f0`): XU1 selector `0x03`
+            // plus `GetSerialNumber` (`0x100196770`): XU1 selector `0x0c`
+            let data = self.transport.get_req(
+                UvcRequest::GetCur,
+                self.unit_ids().extension_unit_id,
+                0x03,
+                255,
+            )?;
+            let mut info = decode_device_info(&data).unwrap_or_else(|_| DeviceInfo {
+                device_name: self.camera_info().name.clone(),
+                firmware_version: String::new(),
+                serial_number: String::new(),
+            });
+            if info.device_name.is_empty() {
+                info.device_name = self.camera_info().name.clone();
+            }
+            if info.serial_number.is_empty() {
+                if let Ok(sn_bytes) = self.transport.get_req(
+                    UvcRequest::GetCur,
+                    self.unit_ids().extension_unit_id,
+                    0x0c,
+                    64,
+                ) {
+                    let end = sn_bytes.iter().position(|&b| b == 0).unwrap_or(sn_bytes.len());
+                    let sn = String::from_utf8_lossy(&sn_bytes[..end]).trim().to_string();
+                    if !sn.is_empty() {
+                        info.serial_number = sn;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            return Ok(info);
+        }
+        let data = self.transport.get_req(
+            UvcRequest::GetCur,
+            self.unit_ids().extension_unit2_id,
+            xu2_selectors::DEVICE_INFO,
+            150,
+        )?;
+        Ok(decode_device_info(&data)?)
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_ptz_version_and_angles(&self) -> Result<PtzVersionInfo, TransportError> {
+        if self.is_hardware() {
+            // `MacUVCCameraExtendController::GetPTZVersionInfo` (`0x100199398`):
+            // Sends magic header `[0xa5, 0xd0, 0x03, 0x00, 0xf1, 0x32, 0..]` to XU1 selector `0x04`,
+            // then reads 255 bytes from XU1 selector `0x04`.
+            let mut magic = [0u8; 255];
+            magic[0..6].copy_from_slice(&[0xa5, 0xd0, 0x03, 0x00, 0xf1, 0x32]);
+            let _ = self.transport.set_cur(
+                self.unit_ids().extension_unit_id,
+                0x04,
+                &magic,
+            );
+            let data = self
+                .transport
+                .get_req(UvcRequest::GetCur, self.unit_ids().extension_unit_id, 0x04, 255)
+                .unwrap_or_default();
+            let version = if data.len() >= 16 {
+                format!("{}.{}.{}.{}", data[4], data[5], data[6], data[7])
+            } else {
+                String::from("v1.0")
+            };
+            let (pan_arcsec, tilt_arcsec) = self.get_pantilt_absolute().unwrap_or((0, 0));
+            let zoom = self.get_zoom().unwrap_or(100);
+            return Ok(PtzVersionInfo {
+                version,
+                pan: (pan_arcsec / 360) as i16,
+                tilt: (tilt_arcsec / 360) as i16,
+                zoom,
+                status: data.get(20).copied().unwrap_or(0),
+            });
+        }
+        let data = self.transport.get_req(
+            UvcRequest::GetCur,
+            self.unit_ids().extension_unit_id,
+            xu1_selectors::PTZ_VERSION_AND_ABS,
+            30,
+        )?;
+        Ok(decode_ptz_version_and_abs(&data)?)
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_device_status(&self) -> Result<DeviceStatus, TransportError> {
+        if self.is_hardware() {
+            // `MacUVCCameraExtendController::GetDeviceStatus` (`0x100197864`): XU1 selector `0x0b`
+            let data = self.transport.get_req(
+                UvcRequest::GetCur,
+                self.unit_ids().extension_unit_id,
+                0x0b,
+                8,
+            )?;
+            let mut status = DeviceStatus::empty();
+            if data.first().copied().unwrap_or(0) != 0 {
+                status |= DeviceStatus::TRACKING_ACTIVE;
+            }
+            if data.get(3).copied().unwrap_or(0) == 1 {
+                status |= DeviceStatus::GESTURE_DETECTED;
+            }
+            if data.get(4).copied().unwrap_or(0) == 1 {
+                status |= DeviceStatus::WHITEBOARD_ACTIVE;
+            }
+            return Ok(status);
+        }
+        let data = self.transport.get_req(
+            UvcRequest::GetCur,
+            self.unit_ids().extension_unit_id,
+            xu1_selectors::DEVICE_STATUS,
+            4,
+        )?;
+        if data.len() < 4 {
+            return Ok(DeviceStatus::empty());
+        }
+        let raw = u32::from_le_bytes([data[0], data[1], data[2], data[3]]);
+        Ok(DeviceStatus::from_bits_retain(raw))
+    }
+
+    pub fn reset_gimbal(&self) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+        if self.is_hardware() {
+            // `Webcam::CameraInsta::resetPTZ` (`0x100097ce4`): resets pan/tilt to (0, 0) and zoom to 100
+            let _ = self.set_pantilt_absolute(0, 0);
+            let _ = self.set_zoom(100);
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+        self.transport.set_cur(
+            self.unit_ids().extension_unit_id,
+            xu1_selectors::SYSTEM_AND_PRESET_CMD,
+            &encode_reset_gimbal(),
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn load_factory_default(&self) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+        if self.is_hardware() {
+            // `MacUVCCameraExtendController::LoadFactoryDefault` (`0x100196f50`): XU1 selector `0x0e`, `[0x81]`
+            return self.transport.set_cur(
+                self.unit_ids().extension_unit_id,
+                0x0e,
+                &[0x81],
+            );
+        }
+        self.transport.set_cur(
+            self.unit_ids().extension_unit_id,
+            xu1_selectors::SYSTEM_AND_PRESET_CMD,
+            &encode_load_factory_default(),
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn restore_factory_settings(&self, full_reboot: bool) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+        if self.is_hardware() {
+            // `MacUVCCameraExtendController::RestoreFactorySet(bool)` (`0x10019b590`): XU2 selector `0x0c`, 1 byte
+            let _ = self.transport.set_cur(
+                self.unit_ids().extension_unit2_id,
+                0x0c,
+                &[u8::from(full_reboot)],
+            );
+            return self.load_factory_default();
+        }
+        self.transport.set_cur(
+            self.unit_ids().extension_unit2_id,
+            xu2_selectors::SYSTEM_TIME_AND_IQ,
+            &encode_restore_factory_set(full_reboot),
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_timestamp(&self, timestamp_ms: u64) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+        if self.is_hardware() {
+            // `MacUVCCameraExtendController::SetTimestamp` (`0x10019b0b0`): XU2 selector `0x07`, 10 bytes
+            let mut buf = [0u8; 10];
+            buf[0..8].copy_from_slice(&timestamp_ms.to_le_bytes());
+            return self.transport.set_cur(
+                self.unit_ids().extension_unit2_id,
+                0x07,
+                &buf,
+            );
+        }
+        self.transport.set_cur(
+            self.unit_ids().extension_unit2_id,
+            xu2_selectors::SYSTEM_TIME_AND_IQ,
+            &encode_set_timestamp(timestamp_ms),
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_iq_switch(&self, bit_index: u8, enable: bool, current_mask: u32) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+        let payload = encode_set_iq_switch(bit_index, enable, current_mask)?;
+        self.transport.set_cur(
+            self.unit_ids().extension_unit2_id,
+            xu2_selectors::SYSTEM_TIME_AND_IQ,
+            &payload,
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_pantilt_relative_ext(
+        &self,
+        pan_speed: u8,
+        pan_dir: i8,
+        tilt_speed: u8,
+        tilt_dir: i8,
+    ) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+        let payload = encode_pantilt_relative_ext(pan_speed, pan_dir, tilt_speed, tilt_dir);
+        let sel = if self.is_hardware() {
+            0x16 // `MacUVCCameraExtendController::SetPanTiltRelative` (`0x100199170`)
+        } else {
+            xu1_selectors::PANTILT_RELATIVE_EXT
+        };
+        self.transport.set_cur(
+            self.unit_ids().extension_unit_id,
+            sel,
+            &payload,
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn stop_pantilt_relative(&self) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+        self.set_pantilt_relative_ext(0, 0, 0, 0)
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_composition_bias(&self, x: i16, y: i16) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+        if self.is_hardware() {
+            // `MacUVCCameraExtendController::SetCompositionBias` (`0x100199298`): XU1 selector `0x18`, 4 bytes `[x_lo, x_hi, y_lo, y_hi]`
+            let xb = x.to_le_bytes();
+            let yb = y.to_le_bytes();
+            return self.transport.set_cur(
+                self.unit_ids().extension_unit_id,
+                0x18,
+                &[xb[0], xb[1], yb[0], yb[1]],
+            );
+        }
+        let payload = encode_set_composition_bias(x, y);
+        self.transport.set_cur(
+            self.unit_ids().extension_unit_id,
+            xu1_selectors::SYSTEM_AND_PRESET_CMD,
+            &payload,
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn reset_composition_bias(&self) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+        self.set_composition_bias(0x7fff, 0x7fff)
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_preset_flags(&self) -> Result<PresetFlag, TransportError> {
+        let data = self.transport.get_req(
+            UvcRequest::GetCur,
+            self.unit_ids().extension_unit_id,
+            xu1_selectors::PRESET_POSITION_FLAGS,
+            8,
+        )?;
+        Ok(decode_preset_flags(&data)?)
+    }
+
+    pub fn add_preset_position(&self, index: u8) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+        self.transport.set_cur(
+            self.unit_ids().extension_unit_id,
+            xu1_selectors::SYSTEM_AND_PRESET_CMD,
+            &encode_add_preset_position(index),
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn recall_preset_position(&self, index: u8) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+        self.transport.set_cur(
+            self.unit_ids().extension_unit_id,
+            xu1_selectors::SYSTEM_AND_PRESET_CMD,
+            &encode_set_cur_preset_position(index),
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn delete_preset_position(&self, index: u8) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+        self.transport.set_cur(
+            self.unit_ids().extension_unit_id,
+            xu1_selectors::SYSTEM_AND_PRESET_CMD,
+            &encode_delete_preset_position(index),
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_video_mode(&self) -> Result<(VideoMode, VideoModeAuxData), TransportError> {
+        let data = self.transport.get_req(
+            UvcRequest::GetCur,
+            self.unit_ids().extension_unit_id,
+            xu1_selectors::VIDEO_MODE,
+            36,
+        )?;
+        Ok(decode_get_video_mode(&data)?)
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_video_mode_raw(&self, mode: VideoMode, aux: &VideoModeAuxData) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+        if self.is_hardware() {
+            // Exact 56-byte (`0x38`) payload from `MacUVCCameraExtendController::SetVideoMode` (`0x100197088`..`0x1001972f0`)
+            // verified via Frida trace on Link 1 (`2e1a:4c01`):
+            // `[mode, flags, 0..0 (36B), 1a 0e 00 00, 1a 0e 00 00, 1a 0e 00 00, 00 00, pitch_lo, pitch_hi, 00 00]`
+            let mut buf = [0u8; 56];
+            buf[0] = mode as u8;
+            buf[1] = aux.flags;
+            for (i, &val) in aux.rect.iter().enumerate() {
+                let off = 2 + i * 4;
+                buf[off..off + 4].copy_from_slice(&val.to_le_bytes());
+            }
+            // Default sentinel values `3610` (`0x0e1a`) at 0x26, 0x2a, 0x2e so firmware does not override PTZ to (0,0)
+            buf[0x26..0x2a].copy_from_slice(&3610i32.to_le_bytes());
+            buf[0x2a..0x2e].copy_from_slice(&3610i32.to_le_bytes());
+            buf[0x2e..0x32].copy_from_slice(&3610i32.to_le_bytes());
+            buf[0x32..0x34].copy_from_slice(&0u16.to_le_bytes());
+            let pitch_val = if mode == VideoMode::DeskView {
+                if aux.pitch != 0 { aux.pitch } else { -100 }
+            } else {
+                -450
+            };
+            buf[0x34..0x36].copy_from_slice(&pitch_val.to_le_bytes());
+            return self.transport.set_cur(
+                self.unit_ids().extension_unit_id,
+                xu1_selectors::VIDEO_MODE,
+                &buf,
+            );
+        }
+        let len = self.model().video_mode_payload_len();
+        let payload = encode_set_video_mode(mode, aux, len);
+        self.transport.set_cur(
+            self.unit_ids().extension_unit_id,
+            xu1_selectors::VIDEO_MODE,
+            &payload,
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_video_mode(&self, mode: VideoMode, aux: &VideoModeAuxData) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+        if self.is_hardware() && mode == VideoMode::AutoTracking {
+            // `Webcam::CameraInsta::autoTrackClicked` (`0x10006c400`) -> `onHandleVideoModeChangeEvent` (`0x10005a4cc`):
+            // First ensure the camera is in `VideoMode::Normal` (`0`) so `GetTrackObjLists` (`XU1 0x14`)
+            // runs the firmware person detector, then poll `GetTrackObjLists` every 200ms until a person
+            // is detected, then call `SetTrackObj` (`XU1 0x15`) + `SetVideoMode(1)` (`XU1 0x02`).
+            if let Ok((cur_mode, _)) = self.get_video_mode() {
+                if cur_mode != VideoMode::Normal && cur_mode != VideoMode::AutoTracking {
+                    let _ = self.set_video_mode_raw(VideoMode::Normal, &VideoModeAuxData::default());
+                    std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(200));
+                }
+            }
+            for _ in 0..30 {
+                if let Ok(rects) = self.get_track_objects() {
+                    if let Some(r) = rects.first() {
+                        let cx = ((r.x as f32) + (r.width as f32) * 0.5_f32) / 10000.0_f32;
+                        let cy = ((r.y as f32) + (r.height as f32) * 0.5_f32) / 10000.0_f32;
+                        if cx > 0.0_f32 && cy > 0.0_f32 {
+                            let _ = self.select_track_object_norm(
+                                cx.clamp(0.05, 0.95),
+                                cy.clamp(0.05, 0.95),
+                                0.0,
+                                0.0,
+                            );
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(200));
+            }
+        }
+        self.set_video_mode_raw(mode, aux)
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_composition_style(&self) -> Result<CompositionStyle, TransportError> {
+        if self.is_hardware() {
+            // `MacUVCCameraExtendController::GetCompositionStyle` (`0x100197970`): XU1 selector `0x13`
+            let data = self.transport.get_req(
+                UvcRequest::GetCur,
+                self.unit_ids().extension_unit_id,
+                0x13,
+                1,
+            )?;
+            return Ok(CompositionStyle::from_u8(data.first().copied().unwrap_or(0)));
+        }
+        let data = self.transport.get_req(
+            UvcRequest::GetCur,
+            self.unit_ids().extension_unit_id,
+            xu1_selectors::TRACKING_AND_GESTURE,
+            16,
+        )?;
+        Ok(decode_get_composition_style(&data)?)
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_composition_style(&self, style: CompositionStyle) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+        if self.is_hardware() {
+            // `MacUVCCameraExtendController::SetCompositionStyle` (`0x100197900`): XU1 selector `0x13`, 1 byte
+            return self.transport.set_cur(
+                self.unit_ids().extension_unit_id,
+                0x13,
+                &[style as u8],
+            );
+        }
+        let payload = encode_set_composition_style(style);
+        self.transport.set_cur(
+            self.unit_ids().extension_unit_id,
+            xu1_selectors::TRACKING_AND_GESTURE,
+            &payload,
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_track_speed(&self) -> Result<TrackSpeed, TransportError> {
+        if self.is_hardware() {
+            // `MacUVCCameraExtendController::GetTrackSpeed` (`0x100197a54`): XU1 selector `0x12`
+            let data = self.transport.get_req(
+                UvcRequest::GetCur,
+                self.unit_ids().extension_unit_id,
+                0x12,
+                1,
+            )?;
+            return Ok(TrackSpeed::from_u8(data.first().copied().unwrap_or(1)));
+        }
+        let data = self.transport.get_req(
+            UvcRequest::GetCur,
+            self.unit_ids().extension_unit_id,
+            xu1_selectors::TRACKING_AND_GESTURE,
+            16,
+        )?;
+        Ok(decode_get_track_speed(&data)?)
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_track_speed(&self, speed: TrackSpeed) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+        if self.is_hardware() {
+            // `MacUVCCameraExtendController::SetTrackSpeed` (`0x1001979e4`): XU1 selector `0x12`, 1 byte
+            return self.transport.set_cur(
+                self.unit_ids().extension_unit_id,
+                0x12,
+                &[speed as u8],
+            );
+        }
+        let payload = encode_set_track_speed(speed);
+        self.transport.set_cur(
+            self.unit_ids().extension_unit_id,
+            xu1_selectors::TRACKING_AND_GESTURE,
+            &payload,
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_gesture_status(&self) -> Result<[(Gesture, bool); 5], TransportError> {
+        if self.is_hardware() {
+            // `MacUVCCameraExtendController::GetGestureStatus` (`0x100197ea0`): XU1 selector `0x05`
+            let data = self.transport.get_req(
+                UvcRequest::GetCur,
+                self.unit_ids().extension_unit_id,
+                0x05,
+                6,
+            )?;
+            let b = data.first().copied().unwrap_or(0);
+            if data.len() >= 6 && (data[1] <= 1 && data[2] <= 1 && (data[1] != 0 || data[2] != 0)) {
+                return Ok(decode_gesture_status(&data)?);
+            }
+            return Ok([
+                (Gesture::Ok, (b & (1 << 0)) != 0),
+                (Gesture::Palm, (b & (1 << 1)) != 0),
+                (Gesture::LShape, (b & (1 << 2)) != 0),
+                (Gesture::VShape, (b & (1 << 3)) != 0),
+                (Gesture::Rock, (b & (1 << 4)) != 0),
+            ]);
+        }
+        let data = self.transport.get_req(
+            UvcRequest::GetCur,
+            self.unit_ids().extension_unit_id,
+            xu1_selectors::TRACKING_AND_GESTURE,
+            6,
+        )?;
+        Ok(decode_gesture_status(&data)?)
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_all_gestures_enabled(&self, enable: bool) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+        if self.is_hardware() {
+            return self.set_extend_function(ExtendFunction::AllGestures, enable);
+        }
+        let payload = encode_enable_all_gestures(enable);
+        self.transport.set_cur(
+            self.unit_ids().extension_unit_id,
+            xu1_selectors::TRACKING_AND_GESTURE,
+            &payload,
+        )?;
+        self.set_extend_function(ExtendFunction::AllGestures, enable)
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_gesture_enabled(&self, gesture: Gesture, enable: bool) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+        if self.is_hardware() {
+            // `MacUVCCameraExtendController::EnableGestureWork` (`0x100197bc8`): XU1 selector `0x05`
+            let mut cur = self
+                .transport
+                .get_req(UvcRequest::GetCur, self.unit_ids().extension_unit_id, 0x05, 6)
+                .unwrap_or_else(|_| vec![0u8; 2]);
+            if cur.is_empty() {
+                cur.push(0);
+            }
+            let bit = 1u8 << (gesture as u8);
+            if enable {
+                cur[0] |= bit;
+            } else {
+                cur[0] &= !bit;
+            }
+            return self.transport.set_cur(
+                self.unit_ids().extension_unit_id,
+                0x05,
+                &cur,
+            );
+        }
+        let cur = self.transport.get_req(
+            UvcRequest::GetCur,
+            self.unit_ids().extension_unit_id,
+            xu1_selectors::TRACKING_AND_GESTURE,
+            6,
+        )?;
+        let payload = encode_enable_gesture_work(&cur, gesture, enable);
+        self.transport.set_cur(
+            self.unit_ids().extension_unit_id,
+            xu1_selectors::TRACKING_AND_GESTURE,
+            &payload,
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_extend_function_status(&self) -> Result<Vec<(ExtendFunction, bool)>, TransportError> {
+        let sel = if self.is_hardware() {
+            0x1b // `MacUVCCameraExtendController::GetExtendFuncStatus` (`0x100199a20`)
+        } else {
+            xu1_selectors::EXTEND_FUNC_BITMASK
+        };
+        let data = self.transport.get_req(
+            UvcRequest::GetCur,
+            self.unit_ids().extension_unit_id,
+            sel,
+            8,
+        )?;
+        Ok(decode_extend_func_status(&data)?)
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_extend_function(&self, func: ExtendFunction, enable: bool) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+        if self.is_hardware() {
+            // `MacUVCCameraExtendController::EnableExtendFuncWork` (`0x1001996c0`):
+            // Reads `u16` bitmask from XU1 selector `0x1b`, updates `1 << func`, writes back to `0x1b`.
+            let mut cur = self
+                .transport
+                .get_req(UvcRequest::GetCur, self.unit_ids().extension_unit_id, 0x1b, 2)
+                .unwrap_or_else(|_| vec![0u8; 2]);
+            if cur.len() < 2 {
+                cur.resize(2, 0);
+            }
+            let mut bits = u16::from_le_bytes([cur[0], cur[1]]);
+            let mask = 1u16 << (func as u8);
+            if enable {
+                bits |= mask;
+            } else {
+                bits &= !mask;
+            }
+            let bytes = bits.to_le_bytes();
+            cur[0] = bytes[0];
+            cur[1] = bytes[1];
+            return self.transport.set_cur(
+                self.unit_ids().extension_unit_id,
+                0x1b,
+                &cur,
+            );
+        }
+        let cur = self
+            .transport
+            .get_req(
+                UvcRequest::GetCur,
+                self.unit_ids().extension_unit_id,
+                xu1_selectors::EXTEND_FUNC_BITMASK,
+                8,
+            )
+            .unwrap_or_else(|_| vec![0u8; 8]);
+        let current_values = if cur.len() >= 8 {
+            u32::from_le_bytes([cur[4], cur[5], cur[6], cur[7]])
+        } else {
+            0
+        };
+        let payload = encode_extend_func_bitmask(func, enable, current_values);
+        self.transport.set_cur(
+            self.unit_ids().extension_unit_id,
+            xu1_selectors::EXTEND_FUNC_BITMASK,
+            &payload,
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_hdr(&self, enable: bool) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+        self.set_extend_function(ExtendFunction::Hdr, enable)
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_ai_zoom(&self, enable: bool) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+        self.set_extend_function(ExtendFunction::AiZoom, enable)
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_horizontal_mirror(&self, enable: bool) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+        self.set_extend_function(ExtendFunction::HorizontalMirror, enable)
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_vertical_mirror(&self, enable: bool) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+        self.set_extend_function(ExtendFunction::VerticalMirror, enable)
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_vertical_screen(&self, enable: bool) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+        self.set_extend_function(ExtendFunction::VerticalMode, enable)
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_forced_vertical(&self, enable: bool) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+        self.set_extend_function(ExtendFunction::ForcedVertical, enable)
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_low_resolution(&self, enable: bool) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+        self.set_extend_function(ExtendFunction::LowResolution, enable)
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_auto_tracking_enabled(&self, enable: bool) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+        self.set_extend_function(ExtendFunction::AutoTracking, enable)
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_single_tap_tracking_enabled(&self, enable: bool) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+        self.set_extend_function(ExtendFunction::SingleTapTracking, enable)
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_smart_adjustment(&self, enable: bool) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+        self.set_extend_function(ExtendFunction::SmartAdjustment, enable)
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_startup_params_enabled(&self, enable: bool) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+        self.set_extend_function(ExtendFunction::StartupParams, enable)
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_ultimate_privacy_mode(&self, enable: bool) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+        self.set_extend_function(ExtendFunction::UltimatePrivacyMode, enable)
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_exposure_curve(&self) -> Result<ExposureCurve, TransportError> {
+        let sel = if self.is_hardware() {
+            0x10 // `MacUVCCameraExtendController::GetExpouseCurve` (`0x10019b1e0`)
+        } else {
+            xu1_selectors::EXPOSURE_CURVE_AND_ISO
+        };
+        let data = self.transport.get_req(
+            UvcRequest::GetCur,
+            self.unit_ids().extension_unit_id,
+            sel,
+            259,
+        )?;
+        Ok(decode_exposure_curve(&data)?)
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_exposure_curve(&self, curve: &ExposureCurve) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+        if self.is_hardware() {
+            // `MacUVCCameraExtendController::SetExpouseCurve` (`0x10019af48`): XU1 selector `0x10` (255 bytes per chunk)
+            let mut buf = [0u8; 255];
+            buf[0] = 0;
+            buf[1] = 2;
+            buf[2] = 0;
+            for (i, &pt) in curve.points.iter().take(126).enumerate() {
+                let off = 3 + i * 2;
+                buf[off..off + 2].copy_from_slice(&pt.to_le_bytes());
+            }
+            return self.transport.set_cur(
+                self.unit_ids().extension_unit_id,
+                0x10,
+                &buf,
+            );
+        }
+        let payload = encode_exposure_curve(curve);
+        self.transport.set_cur(
+            self.unit_ids().extension_unit_id,
+            xu1_selectors::EXPOSURE_CURVE_AND_ISO,
+            &payload,
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_auto_exposure(&self) -> Result<bool, TransportError> {
+        if self.is_hardware() {
+            // `MacUVCCameraExtendController::GetAutoExposureStatus` (`0x10019a978`): XU1 selector `0x1e` (2=Auto, 1=Manual)
+            if let Ok(b) = self.transport.get_req(
+                UvcRequest::GetCur,
+                self.unit_ids().extension_unit_id,
+                0x1e,
+                1,
+            ) {
+                return Ok(b.first().copied().unwrap_or(2) == 2);
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(self.get_exposure_curve()?.mode != 0)
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_auto_exposure(&self, auto: bool) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+        if self.is_hardware() {
+            // `MacUVCCameraExtendController::EnableAutoExposure` (`0x10019a8fc`): XU1 selector `0x1e` (2=Auto, 1=Manual)
+            return self.transport.set_cur(
+                self.unit_ids().extension_unit_id,
+                0x1e,
+                &[if auto { 2 } else { 1 }],
+            );
+        }
+        let mut curve = self.get_exposure_curve().unwrap_or_default();
+        curve.mode = u8::from(auto);
+        self.set_exposure_curve(&curve)
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_iso(&self) -> Result<u16, TransportError> {
+        if self.is_hardware() {
+            // `MacUVCCameraExtendController::GetISOValue` (`0x10019a7cc`): XU1 selector `0x19`
+            let b = self.transport.get_req(
+                UvcRequest::GetCur,
+                self.unit_ids().extension_unit_id,
+                0x19,
+                8,
+            )?;
+            if b.len() >= 2 {
+                return Ok(u16::from_le_bytes([b[0], b[1]]));
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(self.get_exposure_curve()?.iso)
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_iso(&self, iso: u16) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+        if self.is_hardware() {
+            // `MacUVCCameraExtendController::SetISOValue` (`0x10019a758`): XU1 selector `0x19`, 8 bytes
+            let mut buf = [0u8; 8];
+            buf[0..2].copy_from_slice(&iso.to_le_bytes());
+            return self.transport.set_cur(
+                self.unit_ids().extension_unit_id,
+                0x19,
+                &buf,
+            );
+        }
+        let mut curve = self.get_exposure_curve().unwrap_or_default();
+        curve.iso = iso;
+        self.set_exposure_curve(&curve)
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_exposure_compensation(&self) -> Result<f32, TransportError> {
+        let sel = if self.is_hardware() {
+            0x09 // `MacUVCCameraExtendController::GetExposureCompensation` (`0x100199038`)
+        } else {
+            xu1_selectors::EXPOSURE_COMPENSATION
+        };
+        let data = self.transport.get_req(
+            UvcRequest::GetCur,
+            self.unit_ids().extension_unit_id,
+            sel,
+            2,
+        )?;
+        if self.is_hardware() {
+            if data.len() >= 2 {
+                let raw = i16::from_le_bytes([data[0], data[1]]);
+                return Ok((raw as f32) / 100.0_f32);
+            } else if let Some(&b) = data.first() {
+                return Ok((b as i8 as f32) / 10.0_f32);
+            }
+            return Ok(0.0);
+        }
+        Ok(decode_exposure_compensation(&data)?)
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_exposure_compensation(&self, ev: f32) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+        if self.is_hardware() {
+            // `MacUVCCameraExtendController::SetExposureCompensation` (`0x100198f34`):
+            // XU1 selector `0x09`, 2-byte signed `i16_le` = `(ev * 100.0) as i16`
+            let raw = (ev.clamp(-3.0_f32, 3.0_f32) * 100.0_f32).round() as i16;
+            return self.transport.set_cur(
+                self.unit_ids().extension_unit_id,
+                0x09,
+                &raw.to_le_bytes(),
+            );
+        }
+        let payload = encode_exposure_compensation(ev);
+        self.transport.set_cur(
+            self.unit_ids().extension_unit_id,
+            xu1_selectors::EXPOSURE_COMPENSATION,
+            &payload,
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_audio_noise_reduction(&self) -> Result<bool, TransportError> {
+        let sel = if self.is_hardware() {
+            0x07 // `MacUVCCameraExtendController::GetAudioNoiseStatus` (`0x100197b38`)
+        } else {
+            xu1_selectors::AUDIO_CONTROL
+        };
+        let data = self.transport.get_req(
+            UvcRequest::GetCur,
+            self.unit_ids().extension_unit_id,
+            sel,
+            2,
+        )?;
+        Ok(data.first().copied().unwrap_or(0) != 0)
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_audio_noise_reduction(&self, enable: bool) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+        if self.is_hardware() {
+            // `MacUVCCameraExtendController::EnableAudioNoiseReduction` (`0x100197ac8`): XU1 selector `0x07`, 1 byte
+            return self.transport.set_cur(
+                self.unit_ids().extension_unit_id,
+                0x07,
+                &[u8::from(enable)],
+            );
+        }
+        let payload = encode_audio_control(u8::from(enable));
+        self.transport.set_cur(
+            self.unit_ids().extension_unit_id,
+            xu1_selectors::AUDIO_CONTROL,
+            &payload,
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_audio_capture_mode(&self) -> Result<AudioCaptureMode, TransportError> {
+        if self.is_hardware() {
+            // `MacUVCCameraExtendController::GetAudioCaptureMode` (`0x10019bc5c`): XU2 selector `0x14`
+            let data = self.transport.get_req(
+                UvcRequest::GetCur,
+                self.unit_ids().extension_unit2_id,
+                0x14,
+                1,
+            )?;
+            return Ok(AudioCaptureMode::from_u8(data.first().copied().unwrap_or(1)));
+        }
+        let data = self.transport.get_req(
+            UvcRequest::GetCur,
+            self.unit_ids().extension_unit_id,
+            xu1_selectors::AUDIO_CONTROL,
+            2,
+        )?;
+        Ok(AudioCaptureMode::from_u8(data.first().copied().unwrap_or(1)))
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_audio_capture_mode(&self, mode: AudioCaptureMode) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+        if self.is_hardware() {
+            // `MacUVCCameraExtendController::SetAudioCaptureMode` (`0x10019bcd4`): XU2 selector `0x14`
+            return self.transport.set_cur(
+                self.unit_ids().extension_unit2_id,
+                0x14,
+                &[mode as u8],
+            );
+        }
+        let payload = encode_audio_control(mode as u8);
+        self.transport.set_cur(
+            self.unit_ids().extension_unit_id,
+            xu1_selectors::AUDIO_CONTROL,
+            &payload,
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_filter(&self) -> Result<FilterMode, TransportError> {
+        let sel = if self.is_hardware() {
+            0x16 // `MacUVCCameraExtendController::GetFilter` (`0x10019bdbc`)
+        } else {
+            xu2_selectors::FILTER_MODE
+        };
+        let data = self.transport.get_req(
+            UvcRequest::GetCur,
+            self.unit_ids().extension_unit2_id,
+            sel,
+            1,
+        )?;
+        Ok(FilterMode::from_u8(data.first().copied().unwrap_or(0)))
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_filter(&self, mode: FilterMode) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+        let sel = if self.is_hardware() {
+            0x16 // `MacUVCCameraExtendController::SetFilter` (`0x10019bd4c`)
+        } else {
+            xu2_selectors::FILTER_MODE
+        };
+        self.transport.set_cur(
+            self.unit_ids().extension_unit2_id,
+            sel,
+            &[mode as u8],
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_privacy_mode(&self) -> Result<(i32, bool), TransportError> {
+        let sel = if self.is_hardware() {
+            0x0f // `MacUVCCameraExtendController::GetPrivacyMode` (`0x10019b500`)
+        } else {
+            xu2_selectors::PRIVACY_AND_FILL_LIGHT
+        };
+        let data = self.transport.get_req(
+            UvcRequest::GetCur,
+            self.unit_ids().extension_unit2_id,
+            sel,
+            4,
+        )?;
+        Ok(decode_privacy_mode(&data)?)
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_privacy_mode(&self, enable: bool) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+        if self.is_hardware() {
+            // `MacUVCCameraExtendController::SetPrivacyMode` (`0x10019b3a4`): XU2 selector `0x0f`, 1 byte
+            return self.transport.set_cur(
+                self.unit_ids().extension_unit2_id,
+                0x0f,
+                &[u8::from(enable)],
+            );
+        }
+        let payload = encode_set_privacy_mode(enable);
+        self.transport.set_cur(
+            self.unit_ids().extension_unit2_id,
+            xu2_selectors::PRIVACY_AND_FILL_LIGHT,
+            &payload,
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_host_ptz(&self, info: &HostPtzInfo) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+        let sel = if self.is_hardware() {
+            0x13 // `MacUVCCameraExtendController::SetHostPTZ` (`0x10019b600`)
+        } else {
+            xu2_selectors::HOST_PTZ
+        };
+        let payload = encode_host_ptz(info);
+        self.transport.set_cur(
+            self.unit_ids().extension_unit2_id,
+            sel,
+            &payload,
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_horizontal_correction(&self) -> Result<bool, TransportError> {
+        let sel = if self.is_hardware() {
+            0x1c // `MacUVCCameraExtendController::GetEnableHorizontalCorrection` (`0x10019b484`)
+        } else {
+            xu2_selectors::HORIZONTAL_CORRECTION
+        };
+        let data = self.transport.get_req(
+            UvcRequest::GetCur,
+            self.unit_ids().extension_unit2_id,
+            sel,
+            1,
+        )?;
+        Ok(data.first().copied().unwrap_or(0) != 0)
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_horizontal_correction(&self, enable: bool) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+        let sel = if self.is_hardware() {
+            0x1c // `MacUVCCameraExtendController::EnableHorizontalCorrection` (`0x10019b414`)
+        } else {
+            xu2_selectors::HORIZONTAL_CORRECTION
+        };
+        self.transport.set_cur(
+            self.unit_ids().extension_unit2_id,
+            sel,
+            &[u8::from(enable)],
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_default_track_mode(&self) -> Result<u8, TransportError> {
+        let sel = if self.is_hardware() {
+            0x1a // `MacUVCCameraExtendController::GetDefaultTrackMode` (`0x10019c228`)
+        } else {
+            xu2_selectors::DEFAULT_TRACK_MODE
+        };
+        let data = self.transport.get_req(
+            UvcRequest::GetCur,
+            self.unit_ids().extension_unit2_id,
+            sel,
+            1,
+        )?;
+        Ok(data.first().copied().unwrap_or(0))
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_default_track_mode(&self, mode: u8) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+        let sel = if self.is_hardware() {
+            0x1a // `MacUVCCameraExtendController::SetDefaultTrackMode` (`0x10019c1b8`)
+        } else {
+            xu2_selectors::DEFAULT_TRACK_MODE
+        };
+        self.transport.set_cur(
+            self.unit_ids().extension_unit2_id,
+            sel,
+            &[mode],
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn select_track_object_norm(&self, x: f32, y: f32, w: f32, h: f32) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+        if self.is_hardware() {
+            // `MacUVCCameraExtendController::SetTrackObj` (`0x1001987a0`):
+            // XU1 selector `0x15` (`21`): 8 bytes `[x_f32_le, y_f32_le]` on Link 1 (`0x4c01`),
+            // or 16 bytes `[x_f32_le, y_f32_le, w_f32_le, h_f32_le]` on Link 2 / 2C (`0x4c03..0x4c06`).
+            if self.model() == CameraModel::Link {
+                let mut buf = [0u8; 8];
+                buf[0..4].copy_from_slice(&x.to_le_bytes());
+                buf[4..8].copy_from_slice(&y.to_le_bytes());
+                return self.transport.set_cur(
+                    self.unit_ids().extension_unit_id,
+                    0x15,
+                    &buf,
+                );
+            } else {
+                let mut buf = [0u8; 16];
+                buf[0..4].copy_from_slice(&x.to_le_bytes());
+                buf[4..8].copy_from_slice(&y.to_le_bytes());
+                buf[8..12].copy_from_slice(&w.to_le_bytes());
+                buf[12..16].copy_from_slice(&h.to_le_bytes());
+                return self.transport.set_cur(
+                    self.unit_ids().extension_unit_id,
+                    0x15,
+                    &buf,
+                );
+            }
+        }
+        let rect = UvcRect {
+            x: (x * 10000.0) as i16,
+            y: (y * 10000.0) as i16,
+            width: (w * 10000.0) as i16,
+            height: (h * 10000.0) as i16,
+            track_id: 0,
+        };
+        let payload = encode_track_rect(&rect);
+        self.transport.set_cur(
+            self.unit_ids().extension_unit_id,
+            xu1_selectors::TRACK_OBJECT_SELECT,
+            &payload,
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn select_track_object(&self, rect: &UvcRect) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+        if self.is_hardware() {
+            let cx = if rect.width > 0 {
+                ((rect.x as f32) + (rect.width as f32) * 0.5_f32) / 10000.0_f32
+            } else {
+                (rect.x as f32) / 10000.0_f32
+            };
+            let cy = if rect.height > 0 {
+                ((rect.y as f32) + (rect.height as f32) * 0.5_f32) / 10000.0_f32
+            } else {
+                (rect.y as f32) / 10000.0_f32
+            };
+            let w = (rect.width as f32) / 10000.0_f32;
+            let h = (rect.height as f32) / 10000.0_f32;
+            return self.select_track_object_norm(cx, cy, w, h);
+        }
+        let payload = encode_track_rect(rect);
+        self.transport.set_cur(
+            self.unit_ids().extension_unit_id,
+            xu1_selectors::TRACK_OBJECT_SELECT,
+            &payload,
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_track_objects(&self) -> Result<Vec<UvcRect>, TransportError> {
+        if self.is_hardware() {
+            if self.model() == CameraModel::Link {
+                // `MacUVCCameraExtendController::GetTrackObjLists` (`0x100198d94`):
+                // XU1 selector `0x14` (`20`), 240 bytes: `data[0] = count (<= 10)`, followed by
+                // `count` 16-byte `UVCRect` structs `[x_f32_le, y_f32_le, w_f32_le, h_f32_le]` at `data[1..]`.
+                let data = self.transport.get_req(
+                    UvcRequest::GetCur,
+                    self.unit_ids().extension_unit_id,
+                    0x14,
+                    240,
+                )?;
+                let count = data.first().copied().unwrap_or(0).min(10) as usize;
+                let mut rects = Vec::with_capacity(count);
+                for i in 0..count {
+                    let off = 1 + i * 16;
+                    if off + 16 > data.len() {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    let x = f32::from_le_bytes([data[off], data[off + 1], data[off + 2], data[off + 3]]);
+                    let y = f32::from_le_bytes([data[off + 4], data[off + 5], data[off + 6], data[off + 7]]);
+                    let w = f32::from_le_bytes([data[off + 8], data[off + 9], data[off + 10], data[off + 11]]);
+                    let h = f32::from_le_bytes([data[off + 12], data[off + 13], data[off + 14], data[off + 15]]);
+                    if w > 0.0_f32 || h > 0.0_f32 {
+                        rects.push(UvcRect {
+                            x: (x * 10000.0_f32) as i16,
+                            y: (y * 10000.0_f32) as i16,
+                            width: (w * 10000.0_f32) as i16,
+                            height: (h * 10000.0_f32) as i16,
+                            track_id: i as i16,
+                        });
+                    }
+                }
+                return Ok(rects);
+            } else {
+                // `MacUVCCameraExtendController::GetNewTrackObjLists` (`0x100198880`):
+                // XU2 selector `0x18` (`24`), `data[0] = count (<= 6)`, followed by
+                // `count` 8-byte `u16[4]` structs `[x_u16, y_u16, w_u16, h_u16]` in `0..=10000` at `data[1..]`.
+                let data = self.transport.get_req(
+                    UvcRequest::GetCur,
+                    self.unit_ids().extension_unit2_id,
+                    0x18,
+                    64,
+                )?;
+                let count = data.first().copied().unwrap_or(0).min(6) as usize;
+                let mut rects = Vec::with_capacity(count);
+                for i in 0..count {
+                    let off = 1 + i * 8;
+                    if off + 8 > data.len() {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    let x = u16::from_le_bytes([data[off], data[off + 1]]) as i16;
+                    let y = u16::from_le_bytes([data[off + 2], data[off + 3]]) as i16;
+                    let w = u16::from_le_bytes([data[off + 4], data[off + 5]]) as i16;
+                    let h = u16::from_le_bytes([data[off + 6], data[off + 7]]) as i16;
+                    if w > 0 || h > 0 {
+                        rects.push(UvcRect {
+                            x,
+                            y,
+                            width: w,
+                            height: h,
+                            track_id: i as i16,
+                        });
+                    }
+                }
+                return Ok(rects);
+            }
+        }
+        let (unit, sel) = if self.model() == CameraModel::Link {
+            (self.unit_ids().extension_unit_id, xu1_selectors::TRACK_OBJECT_LIST_V1)
+        } else {
+            (self.unit_ids().extension_unit2_id, xu2_selectors::TRACK_OBJECT_LIST_V2)
+        };
+        let len = self.transport.get_len(unit, sel).unwrap_or(20) as usize;
+        let data = self.transport.get_req(UvcRequest::GetCur, unit, sel, len.max(10))?;
+        Ok(decode_track_rect_list(&data))
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_image_template_info(&self) -> Result<ImageTemplateInfo, TransportError> {
+        let data = self.transport.get_req(
+            UvcRequest::GetCur,
+            self.unit_ids().extension_unit2_id,
+            xu2_selectors::IMAGE_TEMPLATE_INFO,
+            11,
+        )?;
+        Ok(decode_image_template_info(&data)?)
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_image_template(&self, template_id: i8, op: ImageOperation) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+        let info = self.get_image_template_info().unwrap_or_default();
+        let payload = encode_set_image_template(template_id, op, info.bitmask, info.max_templates.max(10))?;
+        self.transport.set_cur(
+            self.unit_ids().extension_unit2_id,
+            xu2_selectors::IMAGE_TEMPLATE_INFO,
+            &payload,
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn delete_image_template(&self, template_id: i8) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+        let info = self.get_image_template_info()?;
+        let payload = encode_delete_image_template(template_id, &info)?;
+        self.transport.set_cur(
+            self.unit_ids().extension_unit2_id,
+            xu2_selectors::IMAGE_TEMPLATE_INFO,
+            &payload,
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_image_template_name(&self, template_id: i8, name: &str) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+        let payload = encode_image_template_name(template_id, name);
+        self.transport.set_cur(
+            self.unit_ids().extension_unit2_id,
+            xu2_selectors::IMAGE_TEMPLATE_NAME,
+            &payload,
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn switch_msc_readonly_class(&self) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+        if self.is_hardware() {
+            // `MacUVCCameraExtendController::SwitchStorageMode` (`0x10019a5ac`): XU1 selector `0x0a`, `[0x02]`
+            return self.transport.set_cur(
+                self.unit_ids().extension_unit_id,
+                0x0a,
+                &[0x02],
+            );
+        }
+        self.transport.set_cur(
+            self.unit_ids().extension_unit_id,
+            xu1_selectors::USB_MODE_SWITCH,
+            &[0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00],
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_image_template_name(&self, template_id: i8) -> Result<String, TransportError> {
+        let mut req_buf = [0u8; 65];
+        req_buf[0] = template_id as u8;
+        let _ = self.transport.set_cur(
+            self.unit_ids().extension_unit2_id,
+            xu2_selectors::IMAGE_TEMPLATE_NAME,
+            &req_buf[..1],
+        );
+        let data = self.transport.get_req(
+            UvcRequest::GetCur,
+            self.unit_ids().extension_unit2_id,
+            xu2_selectors::IMAGE_TEMPLATE_NAME,
+            65,
+        )?;
+        let (_, name) = decode_image_template_name(&data)?;
+        Ok(name)
+    }
+
+    pub fn force_smart_whiteboard(&self, mode: u8) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+        let payload = encode_force_smart_whiteboard(mode);
+        self.transport.set_cur(
+            self.unit_ids().extension_unit_id,
+            xu1_selectors::TRACKING_AND_GESTURE,
+            &payload,
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_gesture_binding_map(&self) -> Result<[(Gesture, GestureFunction); 5], TransportError> {
+        let data = self.transport.get_req(
+            UvcRequest::GetCur,
+            self.unit_ids().extension_unit2_id,
+            xu2_selectors::GESTURE_BINDING_MAP,
+            16,
+        )?;
+        Ok(decode_gesture_binding_map(&data)?)
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_gesture_binding_func(&self, gesture: Gesture, func: GestureFunction) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+        let payload = encode_gesture_binding(gesture, func);
+        self.transport.set_cur(
+            self.unit_ids().extension_unit2_id,
+            xu2_selectors::GESTURE_BINDING_MAP,
+            &payload,
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn enter_track_forbidden_area_setting(&self) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+        self.transport.set_cur(
+            self.unit_ids().extension_unit_id,
+            xu1_selectors::SYSTEM_AND_PRESET_CMD,
+            &encode_enter_track_forbidden_area_setting(),
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn exit_track_forbidden_area_setting(&self) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+        self.transport.set_cur(
+            self.unit_ids().extension_unit_id,
+            xu1_selectors::SYSTEM_AND_PRESET_CMD,
+            &encode_exit_track_forbidden_area_setting(),
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_track_forbidden_areas(&self) -> Result<Vec<ForbiddenAreaInfo>, TransportError> {
+        let len = self
+            .transport
+            .get_len(self.unit_ids().extension_unit2_id, xu2_selectors::TRACK_FORBIDDEN_AREA)
+            .unwrap_or(40) as usize;
+        let data = self.transport.get_req(
+            UvcRequest::GetCur,
+            self.unit_ids().extension_unit2_id,
+            xu2_selectors::TRACK_FORBIDDEN_AREA,
+            len.max(10),
+        )?;
+        Ok(decode_forbidden_areas(&data))
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_track_forbidden_areas(&self, areas: &[ForbiddenAreaInfo]) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+        let payload = encode_forbidden_areas(areas);
+        self.transport.set_cur(
+            self.unit_ids().extension_unit2_id,
+            xu2_selectors::TRACK_FORBIDDEN_AREA,
+            &payload,
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_track_forbidden_area_enabled(&self, enable: bool) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+        self.set_extend_function(ExtendFunction::TrackForbiddenArea, enable)
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_fill_light_param(&self) -> Result<(i32, i32), TransportError> {
+        let data = self.transport.get_req(
+            UvcRequest::GetCur,
+            self.unit_ids().extension_unit2_id,
+            xu2_selectors::PRIVACY_AND_FILL_LIGHT,
+            4,
+        )?;
+        let mode = data.get(2).copied().unwrap_or(0) as i32;
+        let level = data.get(3).copied().unwrap_or(0) as i32;
+        Ok((mode, level))
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_real_zoom_value(&self) -> Result<u16, TransportError> {
+        let data = self.transport.get_req(
+            UvcRequest::GetCur,
+            self.unit_ids().extension_unit2_id,
+            xu2_selectors::REAL_ZOOM_AND_UDISK,
+            4,
+        )?;
+        if data.len() < 2 {
+            return Ok(100);
+        }
+        Ok(u16::from_le_bytes([data[0], data[1]]))
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_udisk_open_count(&self) -> Result<u32, TransportError> {
+        let data = self.transport.get_req(
+            UvcRequest::GetCur,
+            self.unit_ids().extension_unit2_id,
+            xu2_selectors::REAL_ZOOM_AND_UDISK,
+            4,
+        )?;
+        if data.len() < 4 {
+            return Ok(0);
+        }
+        Ok(u32::from_le_bytes([data[0], data[1], data[2], data[3]]))
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_udisk_open_count(&self, count: u32) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+        self.transport.set_cur(
+            self.unit_ids().extension_unit2_id,
+            xu2_selectors::REAL_ZOOM_AND_UDISK,
+            &count.to_le_bytes(),
+        )
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/insta360-link-protocol/src/ids.rs b/crates/insta360-link-protocol/src/ids.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..84cef2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/insta360-link-protocol/src/ids.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,291 @@
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+
+/// Arashi Vision / Insta360 USB Vendor ID (`0x2e1a` = 11802)
+/// Verified at `MacUVCCameraControlImp::GetUVCCameraList` (`0x100191478`)
+/// and `UVCCameraDeviceWatcherImp::StartWatch` (`0x10019e29c`).
+pub const INSTA360_VENDOR_ID: u16 = 0x2e1a;
+
+/// Supported USB Product IDs for Insta360 Link family cameras.
+/// Verified at `0x100191480` (`0x4c01..=0x4c06`) and `0x100191664` (`0x00c2`),
+/// as well as `UVCCameraExtendControllerImp::FirmwareUpgrade` jump table at `0x10286f37d`.
+pub mod pids {
+    /// Insta360 Link (1st Generation) - `link1`, firmware `a:\Insta360WebCamFW.bin`
+    pub const LINK_1: u16 = 0x4c01;
+    /// Insta360 PUC3 Gimbal - firmware `a:\Insta360PUC3FW_GIMBAL.bin`
+    pub const PUC3_GIMBAL_A: u16 = 0x4c02;
+    /// Insta360 Link 2C (Fixed-lens 4K webcam) - `link2_main`, firmware `a:\Insta360LINK2CFW_HOST.bin`
+    pub const LINK_2C: u16 = 0x4c03;
+    /// Insta360 Link 2 (2nd Gen 2-axis gimbal 4K webcam) - `link2_gimbal`, firmware `a:\Insta360LINK2FW_GIMBAL.bin`
+    pub const LINK_2: u16 = 0x4c04;
+    /// Insta360 PUC3 Host - firmware `a:\Insta360PUC3FW_HOST.bin`
+    pub const PUC3_HOST: u16 = 0x4c05;
+    /// Insta360 PUC3 Gimbal Variant - firmware `a:\Insta360PUC3FW_GIMBAL.bin`
+    pub const PUC3_GIMBAL_B: u16 = 0x4c06;
+    /// Insta360 Link Simple-Class / Firmware Upgrade Mode
+    pub const LINK_SIMPLE_CLASS: u16 = 0x00c2;
+}
+
+/// Extension Unit 1 GUID: `FAF1672D-B71B-4793-8C91-7B1C9B7F95F8`
+/// Verified at CFString `0x102a9d098` and `FindControllerInterfaceForServiceObject` (`0x100191140`).
+/// Mixed-endian USB UVC `guidExtensionCode` 16-byte representation:
+/// `2d 67 f1 fa 1b b7 93 47 8c 91 7b 1c 9b 7f 95 f8`
+pub const XU1_GUID_STR: &str = "FAF1672D-B71B-4793-8C91-7B1C9B7F95F8";
+pub const XU1_GUID_BYTES: [u8; 16] = [
+    0x2d, 0x67, 0xf1, 0xfa, 0x1b, 0xb7, 0x93, 0x47,
+    0x8c, 0x91, 0x7b, 0x1c, 0x9b, 0x7f, 0x95, 0xf8,
+];
+
+/// Extension Unit 2 GUID: `E307E649-4618-A3FF-82FC-2D8B5F216773`
+/// Verified at CFString `0x102a9d0b8` and `FindControllerInterfaceForServiceObject` (`0x100191168`).
+/// Mixed-endian USB UVC `guidExtensionCode` 16-byte representation:
+/// `49 e6 07 e3 18 46 ff a3 82 fc 2d 8b 5f 21 67 73`
+pub const XU2_GUID_STR: &str = "E307E649-4618-A3FF-82FC-2D8B5F216773";
+pub const XU2_GUID_BYTES: [u8; 16] = [
+    0x49, 0xe6, 0x07, 0xe3, 0x18, 0x46, 0xff, 0xa3,
+    0x82, 0xfc, 0x2d, 0x8b, 0x5f, 0x21, 0x67, 0x73,
+];
+
+/// Default UVC unit IDs observed on Insta360 Link family cameras when descriptors are not manually overridden.
+pub const DEFAULT_CONTROL_INTERFACE: u8 = 0;
+pub const DEFAULT_INPUT_TERMINAL_ID: u8 = 1;
+pub const DEFAULT_PROCESSING_UNIT_ID: u8 = 2;
+pub const DEFAULT_EXTENSION_UNIT_ID: u8 = 9;
+pub const DEFAULT_EXTENSION_UNIT2_ID: u8 = 10;
+
+/// Identified Insta360 Link camera model.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub enum CameraModel {
+    /// Insta360 Link (`0x4c01`)
+    Link,
+    /// Insta360 Link 2 (`0x4c04`)
+    Link2,
+    /// Insta360 Link 2C (`0x4c03`, gimbal-less 4K)
+    Link2C,
+    /// Insta360 PUC3 Gimbal (`0x4c02` / `0x4c06`)
+    Puc3Gimbal(u16),
+    /// Insta360 PUC3 Host (`0x4c05`)
+    Puc3Host,
+    /// Insta360 Link Simple-Class / DFU (`0x00c2`)
+    LinkSimpleClass,
+    /// Unknown Insta360 PID
+    Unknown(u16),
+}
+
+impl CameraModel {
+    pub fn from_pid(pid: u16) -> Self {
+        match pid {
+            pids::LINK_1 => Self::Link,
+            pids::LINK_2C => Self::Link2C,
+            pids::LINK_2 => Self::Link2,
+            pids::PUC3_GIMBAL_A | pids::PUC3_GIMBAL_B => Self::Puc3Gimbal(pid),
+            pids::PUC3_HOST => Self::Puc3Host,
+            pids::LINK_SIMPLE_CLASS => Self::LinkSimpleClass,
+            other => Self::Unknown(other),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn pid(&self) -> u16 {
+        match *self {
+            Self::Link => pids::LINK_1,
+            Self::Link2C => pids::LINK_2C,
+            Self::Link2 => pids::LINK_2,
+            Self::Puc3Gimbal(pid) => pid,
+            Self::Puc3Host => pids::PUC3_HOST,
+            Self::LinkSimpleClass => pids::LINK_SIMPLE_CLASS,
+            Self::Unknown(pid) => pid,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the internal model identifier used by `Webcam::CameraInsta::GetCameraModel()` (`0x10005f92c`).
+    pub fn internal_code(&self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Self::Link | Self::LinkSimpleClass => "link1",
+            Self::Link2C | Self::Puc3Host => "link2_main",
+            Self::Link2 | Self::Puc3Gimbal(_) => "link2_gimbal",
+            Self::Unknown(_) => "unknown",
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the human-readable display name.
+    pub fn display_name(&self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Self::Link => "Insta360 Link",
+            Self::Link2 => "Insta360 Link 2",
+            Self::Link2C => "Insta360 Link 2C",
+            Self::Puc3Gimbal(_) => "Insta360 Link 2 Pro (Gimbal)",
+            Self::Puc3Host => "Insta360 Link 2C Pro (Host)",
+            Self::LinkSimpleClass => "Insta360 Link (Firmware Mode)",
+            Self::Unknown(_) => "Insta360 UVC Camera",
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the target firmware filename on the camera's virtual MSC drive (`0x1001a0a0c`).
+    pub fn firmware_filename(&self) -> Option<&'static str> {
+        match self {
+            Self::Link | Self::LinkSimpleClass => Some(r"a:\Insta360WebCamFW.bin"),
+            Self::Link2 => Some(r"a:\Insta360LINK2FW_GIMBAL.bin"),
+            Self::Link2C => Some(r"a:\Insta360LINK2CFW_HOST.bin"),
+            Self::Puc3Gimbal(_) => Some(r"a:\Insta360PUC3FW_GIMBAL.bin"),
+            Self::Puc3Host => Some(r"a:\Insta360PUC3FW_HOST.bin"),
+            Self::Unknown(_) => None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Whether this camera uses 36-byte extended `SetVideoMode` payloads (`0x1001970f4`: bitmask `0x2b` for `pid - 0x4c01`).
+    /// Wait: in `SetVideoMode` (`0x1001970f4`), if `len == 0x24` and `((1 << (pid - 0x4c01)) & 0x2b) != 0`
+    /// (`0x4c01`, `0x4c02`, `0x4c04`, `0x4c06` = bits 0, 1, 3, 5 = `0b101011` = `0x2b`),
+    /// it sends 8 bytes (`w4 = 8`) instead of 36 bytes (`0x24`), whereas `0x4c03` (Link 2C) and `0x4c05` (PUC3 Host)
+    /// send the full 36-byte `SetVideoMode` buffer!
+    pub fn video_mode_payload_len(&self) -> usize {
+        let pid = self.pid();
+        if (0x4c01..=0x4c06).contains(&pid) {
+            let bit = 1u32 << (pid - 0x4c01);
+            if (bit & 0x2b) != 0 {
+                return 8;
+            }
+        }
+        36
+    }
+}
+
+/// Hardware capability matrix derived from `Webcam::CameraDeviceSupporter::UpdateUIStatus` (`0x10004a8b8`).
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct DeviceCapabilities {
+    pub has_physical_gimbal: bool,
+    pub support_ptz_drag: bool,
+    pub support_auto_framing: bool,
+    pub support_highlighting: bool,
+    pub support_mirror_vertically: bool,
+    pub support_track_speed: bool,
+    pub support_image_template: bool,
+    pub support_privacy_mode: bool,
+    pub support_area_track: bool,
+    pub support_roll_adjustment: bool,
+    pub support_ai_denoise: bool,
+    pub support_sound_wall: bool,
+    pub support_speak_tracking: bool,
+    pub support_auto_track: bool,
+    pub support_smart_adjustment: bool,
+    pub support_audio_capture_mode: bool,
+    pub support_horizontal_correction: bool,
+}
+
+impl DeviceCapabilities {
+    pub fn for_pid(pid: u16) -> Self {
+        let is_not_link2c_or_host = pid != pids::LINK_2C && pid != pids::PUC3_HOST;
+        let is_not_link1 = pid != pids::LINK_1;
+        let is_link2_or_puc3_gimbal = (pid & 0xfffd) == pids::LINK_2; // 0x4c04 or 0x4c06
+        let is_puc3 = pid == pids::PUC3_HOST || pid == pids::PUC3_GIMBAL_B;
+
+        Self {
+            has_physical_gimbal: is_not_link2c_or_host,
+            support_ptz_drag: is_not_link2c_or_host,
+            support_auto_framing: is_not_link1,
+            support_highlighting: is_not_link1,
+            support_mirror_vertically: is_not_link1,
+            support_track_speed: is_not_link2c_or_host,
+            support_image_template: is_not_link1,
+            support_privacy_mode: is_not_link1,
+            support_area_track: is_link2_or_puc3_gimbal,
+            support_roll_adjustment: pid == pids::LINK_1,
+            support_ai_denoise: is_not_link1,
+            support_sound_wall: is_puc3,
+            support_speak_tracking: is_link2_or_puc3_gimbal,
+            support_auto_track: is_not_link2c_or_host,
+            support_smart_adjustment: is_not_link2c_or_host,
+            support_audio_capture_mode: is_not_link1,
+            support_horizontal_correction: pid == pids::LINK_2,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Discovered UVC unit IDs and interface number for an Insta360 Link camera.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct UvcUnitIds {
+    pub control_interface: u8,
+    pub input_terminal_id: u8,
+    pub processing_unit_id: u8,
+    pub extension_unit_id: u8,
+    pub extension_unit2_id: u8,
+}
+
+impl Default for UvcUnitIds {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            control_interface: DEFAULT_CONTROL_INTERFACE,
+            input_terminal_id: DEFAULT_INPUT_TERMINAL_ID,
+            processing_unit_id: DEFAULT_PROCESSING_UNIT_ID,
+            extension_unit_id: DEFAULT_EXTENSION_UNIT_ID,
+            extension_unit2_id: DEFAULT_EXTENSION_UNIT2_ID,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Parses raw USB configuration descriptor bytes to extract UVC Input Terminal, Processing Unit,
+/// and Insta360 Extension Unit 1 & 2 IDs (`FindControllerInterfaceForServiceObject` at `0x100190fe0`).
+pub fn parse_uvc_vc_descriptors(config_desc: &[u8]) -> UvcUnitIds {
+    let mut ids = UvcUnitIds::default();
+    let mut offset = 0usize;
+    let mut in_vc_interface = false;
+
+    while offset + 2 <= config_desc.len() {
+        let b_length = config_desc[offset] as usize;
+        let b_descriptor_type = config_desc[offset + 1];
+        if b_length < 2 || offset + b_length > config_desc.len() {
+            break;
+        }
+        let desc = &config_desc[offset..offset + b_length];
+
+        // USB_DT_INTERFACE = 0x04
+        if b_descriptor_type == 0x04 && desc.len() >= 9 {
+            let b_interface_number = desc[2];
+            let b_interface_class = desc[5];
+            let b_interface_subclass = desc[6];
+            // CC_VIDEO = 0x0e, SC_VIDEOCONTROL = 0x01
+            if b_interface_class == 0x0e && b_interface_subclass == 0x01 {
+                in_vc_interface = true;
+                ids.control_interface = b_interface_number;
+            } else {
+                in_vc_interface = false;
+            }
+        } else if in_vc_interface && b_descriptor_type == 0x24 && desc.len() >= 4 {
+            // CS_INTERFACE = 0x24
+            let b_descriptor_subtype = desc[2];
+            let unit_or_terminal_id = desc[3];
+            match b_descriptor_subtype {
+                // VC_INPUT_TERMINAL = 0x02
+                0x02 if desc.len() >= 6 => {
+                    let w_terminal_type = u16::from_le_bytes([desc[4], desc[5]]);
+                    // ITT_CAMERA = 0x0201
+                    if w_terminal_type == 0x0201 || ids.input_terminal_id == DEFAULT_INPUT_TERMINAL_ID {
+                        ids.input_terminal_id = unit_or_terminal_id;
+                    }
+                }
+                // VC_PROCESSING_UNIT = 0x05
+                0x05 => {
+                    ids.processing_unit_id = unit_or_terminal_id;
+                }
+                // VC_EXTENSION_UNIT = 0x06
+                0x06 if desc.len() >= 20 => {
+                    let guid = &desc[4..20];
+                    if guid == XU1_GUID_BYTES {
+                        ids.extension_unit_id = unit_or_terminal_id;
+                    } else if guid == XU2_GUID_BYTES {
+                        ids.extension_unit2_id = unit_or_terminal_id;
+                    }
+                }
+                _ => {}
+            }
+        }
+
+        offset += b_length;
+    }
+
+    ids
+}
+
+/// Returns true if a `(vendor_id, product_id)` pair is an Insta360 Link family device.
+pub fn is_insta360_link_device(vid: u16, pid: u16) -> bool {
+    vid == INSTA360_VENDOR_ID
+        && ((pids::LINK_1..=pids::PUC3_GIMBAL_B).contains(&pid) || pid == pids::LINK_SIMPLE_CLASS)
+}
diff --git a/crates/insta360-link-protocol/src/lib.rs b/crates/insta360-link-protocol/src/lib.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d95b8fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/insta360-link-protocol/src/lib.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+pub mod codec;
+pub mod controller;
+pub mod ids;
+pub mod transport;
+pub mod types;
+
+pub use codec::*;
+pub use controller::Insta360CameraController;
+pub use ids::*;
+pub use transport::{list_connected_cameras, MockCameraTransport, NusbTransport, TransportError, UvcControlTransport};
+pub use types::*;
diff --git a/crates/insta360-link-protocol/src/transport.rs b/crates/insta360-link-protocol/src/transport.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7f8a340
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/insta360-link-protocol/src/transport.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,976 @@
+use crate::codec::UvcControlPacketHeader;
+use crate::ids::*;
+use crate::types::*;
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
+use std::time::Duration;
+use thiserror::Error;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+pub enum TransportError {
+    #[error("USB error: {0}")]
+    Usb(String),
+    #[error("camera not found")]
+    DeviceNotFound,
+    #[error("UVC control unit {0} not available on this device")]
+    MissingUnit(&'static str),
+    #[error("codec error: {0}")]
+    Codec(#[from] crate::codec::CodecError),
+}
+
+/// Abstract cross-platform UVC Control Transfer transport.
+pub trait UvcControlTransport: Send + Sync {
+    /// Returns the discovered metadata for the connected camera.
+    fn camera_info(&self) -> &DiscoveredCamera;
+
+    /// Performs a UVC `SET_CUR` (`bmRequestType = 0x21`, `bRequest = 0x01`) control transfer.
+    fn set_cur(&self, unit_id: u8, selector: u8, data: &[u8]) -> Result<(), TransportError>;
+
+    /// Performs a UVC `GET_*` (`bmRequestType = 0xa1`, `bRequest = 0x81..0x87`) control transfer.
+    fn get_req(
+        &self,
+        req: UvcRequest,
+        unit_id: u8,
+        selector: u8,
+        len: usize,
+    ) -> Result<Vec<u8>, TransportError>;
+
+    /// Queries `GET_LEN` (`0x85`) for a variable-length UVC control selector.
+    fn get_len(&self, unit_id: u8, selector: u8) -> Result<u16, TransportError> {
+        let bytes = self.get_req(UvcRequest::GetLen, unit_id, selector, 2)?;
+        if bytes.len() < 2 {
+            return Ok(0);
+        }
+        Ok(u16::from_le_bytes([bytes[0], bytes[1]]))
+    }
+}
+
+/// Enumerates all connected Insta360 Link family cameras across Linux, Windows, and macOS using `nusb`.
+pub fn list_connected_cameras() -> Result<Vec<DiscoveredCamera>, TransportError> {
+    let devices = nusb::list_devices().map_err(|e| TransportError::Usb(e.to_string()))?;
+    let mut out = Vec::new();
+    for dev in devices {
+        let vid = dev.vendor_id();
+        let pid = dev.product_id();
+        if !is_insta360_link_device(vid, pid) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        let model = CameraModel::from_pid(pid);
+        let name = dev
+            .product_string()
+            .map(|s| s.to_string())
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| model.display_name().to_string());
+        let bus = dev.bus_number();
+        let addr = dev.device_address();
+        let unique_id = format!("0x{:02x}{:02x}{:04x}{:04x}", bus, addr, vid, pid);
+
+        let mut unit_ids = UvcUnitIds::default();
+        if let Ok(opened) = dev.open() {
+            if let Ok(active_cfg) = opened.active_configuration() {
+                // Parse raw configuration descriptor bytes to find exact UVC unit IDs
+                let raw: &[u8] = active_cfg.descriptors().as_bytes();
+                unit_ids = parse_uvc_vc_descriptors(raw);
+            }
+        }
+
+        out.push(DiscoveredCamera {
+            vendor_id: vid,
+            product_id: pid,
+            model,
+            name,
+            unique_id,
+            bus_number: bus,
+            device_address: addr,
+            unit_ids,
+            capabilities: DeviceCapabilities::for_pid(pid),
+        });
+    }
+    Ok(out)
+}
+
+/// Pure-Rust cross-platform USB hardware transport backed by `nusb`
+/// (Linux `uvcvideo` `UVCIOC_CTRL_QUERY` + `usbfs`, Windows `WinUSB`, macOS `IOKit`).
+pub struct NusbTransport {
+    info: DiscoveredCamera,
+    device: nusb::Device,
+    interface: Option<nusb::Interface>,
+    #[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
+    v4l_file: Option<std::fs::File>,
+    timeout: Duration,
+}
+
+#[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
+fn open_linux_v4l2_node(vid: u16, pid: u16) -> Option<std::fs::File> {
+    let vid_hex = format!("{:04x}", vid);
+    let pid_hex = format!("{:04x}", pid);
+    let entries = std::fs::read_dir("/sys/class/video4linux").ok()?;
+    for entry in entries.flatten() {
+        let name = entry.file_name().to_string_lossy().to_string();
+        if !name.starts_with("video") {
+            continue;
+        }
+        let dev_link = entry.path().join("device");
+        let Ok(canon) = std::fs::canonicalize(&dev_link) else {
+            continue;
+        };
+        // Parent directory of the USB interface (`B-P:1.0`) holds `idVendor` and `idProduct`.
+        if let Some(usb_dev_dir) = canon.parent() {
+            let v = std::fs::read_to_string(usb_dev_dir.join("idVendor"))
+                .unwrap_or_default()
+                .trim()
+                .to_lowercase();
+            let p = std::fs::read_to_string(usb_dev_dir.join("idProduct"))
+                .unwrap_or_default()
+                .trim()
+                .to_lowercase();
+            if v == vid_hex && p == pid_hex {
+                let dev_path = format!("/dev/{}", name);
+                if let Ok(file) = std::fs::OpenOptions::new()
+                    .read(true)
+                    .write(true)
+                    .open(&dev_path)
+                {
+                    return Some(file);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    None
+}
+
+#[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
+#[repr(C)]
+struct LinuxUvcXuControlQuery {
+    unit: u8,
+    selector: u8,
+    query: u8,
+    size: u16,
+    data: *mut u8,
+}
+
+#[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
+const UVCIOC_CTRL_QUERY: libc::c_ulong = 0xC010_7521;
+
+#[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
+fn linux_uvcioc_ctrl_query(
+    file: &std::fs::File,
+    unit: u8,
+    selector: u8,
+    query: u8,
+    buf: &mut [u8],
+) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+    use std::os::unix::io::AsRawFd;
+    let mut q = LinuxUvcXuControlQuery {
+        unit,
+        selector,
+        query,
+        size: buf.len() as u16,
+        data: buf.as_mut_ptr(),
+    };
+    let rc = unsafe { libc::ioctl(file.as_raw_fd(), UVCIOC_CTRL_QUERY, &mut q) };
+    if rc < 0 {
+        Err(TransportError::Usb(
+            std::io::Error::last_os_error().to_string(),
+        ))
+    } else {
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl NusbTransport {
+    pub fn open_first() -> Result<Self, TransportError> {
+        let cameras = list_connected_cameras()?;
+        let first = cameras.into_iter().next().ok_or(TransportError::DeviceNotFound)?;
+        Self::open_by_info(first)
+    }
+
+    pub fn open_by_info(mut info: DiscoveredCamera) -> Result<Self, TransportError> {
+        let dev_info = nusb::list_devices()
+            .map_err(|e| TransportError::Usb(e.to_string()))?
+            .find(|d| {
+                d.vendor_id() == info.vendor_id
+                    && d.product_id() == info.product_id
+                    && d.bus_number() == info.bus_number
+                    && d.device_address() == info.device_address
+            })
+            .ok_or(TransportError::DeviceNotFound)?;
+
+        let device = dev_info.open().map_err(|e| TransportError::Usb(e.to_string()))?;
+        if let Ok(cfg) = device.active_configuration() {
+            let raw: &[u8] = cfg.descriptors().as_bytes();
+            info.unit_ids = parse_uvc_vc_descriptors(raw);
+        }
+
+        // Claim the UVC VideoControl interface without detaching the OS kernel UVC video streaming
+        // driver (`uvcvideo` on Linux, `UVCAssistant` on macOS, `usbvideo.sys` on Windows) so that
+        // live webcam video capture and UVC/XU control transfers operate simultaneously.
+        let interface = device
+            .claim_interface(info.unit_ids.control_interface)
+            .ok();
+
+        #[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
+        let v4l_file = open_linux_v4l2_node(info.vendor_id, info.product_id);
+
+        Ok(Self {
+            info,
+            device,
+            interface,
+            #[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
+            v4l_file,
+            timeout: Duration::from_millis(1500),
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+impl UvcControlTransport for NusbTransport {
+    fn camera_info(&self) -> &DiscoveredCamera {
+        &self.info
+    }
+
+    fn set_cur(&self, unit_id: u8, selector: u8, data: &[u8]) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+        let is_xu = unit_id == self.info.unit_ids.extension_unit_id
+            || unit_id == self.info.unit_ids.extension_unit2_id;
+
+        // Match `MacUVCCameraExtendController::SendCommand` (`0x100195db4`): query `GET_LEN (0x85)`
+        // for Extension Unit selectors and zero-pad the payload to the descriptor's exact wLength.
+        let padded_buf: Vec<u8>;
+        let payload: &[u8] = if is_xu {
+            if let Ok(uvc_len) = self.get_len(unit_id, selector) {
+                let target_len = uvc_len as usize;
+                if target_len > 0 && target_len != data.len() {
+                    let mut b = vec![0u8; target_len];
+                    let copy_n = data.len().min(target_len);
+                    b[..copy_n].copy_from_slice(&data[..copy_n]);
+                    padded_buf = b;
+                    &padded_buf
+                } else {
+                    data
+                }
+            } else {
+                data
+            }
+        } else {
+            data
+        };
+
+        #[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
+        if let Some(v4l) = &self.v4l_file {
+            let mut buf = payload.to_vec();
+            if linux_uvcioc_ctrl_query(v4l, unit_id, selector, UvcRequest::SetCur as u8, &mut buf)
+                .is_ok()
+            {
+                return Ok(());
+            }
+        }
+
+        let hdr = UvcControlPacketHeader::new(
+            UvcRequest::SetCur,
+            selector,
+            unit_id,
+            self.info.unit_ids.control_interface,
+        );
+        let control = nusb::transfer::Control {
+            control_type: nusb::transfer::ControlType::Class,
+            recipient: nusb::transfer::Recipient::Interface,
+            request: hdr.b_request,
+            value: hdr.w_value,
+            index: hdr.w_index,
+        };
+        if let Some(iface) = &self.interface {
+            iface
+                .control_out_blocking(control, payload, self.timeout)
+                .map(|_| ())
+                .map_err(|e| TransportError::Usb(e.to_string()))
+        } else {
+            #[cfg(not(target_os = "windows"))]
+            {
+                self.device
+                    .control_out_blocking(control, payload, self.timeout)
+                    .map(|_| ())
+                    .map_err(|e| TransportError::Usb(e.to_string()))
+            }
+            #[cfg(target_os = "windows")]
+            {
+                Err(TransportError::Usb(
+                    "UVC control interface could not be claimed on Windows".to_string(),
+                ))
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn get_req(
+        &self,
+        req: UvcRequest,
+        unit_id: u8,
+        selector: u8,
+        len: usize,
+    ) -> Result<Vec<u8>, TransportError> {
+        let is_xu = unit_id == self.info.unit_ids.extension_unit_id
+            || unit_id == self.info.unit_ids.extension_unit2_id;
+
+        // Match `MacUVCCameraExtendController::GetCommand` (`0x1001963d0`): query `GET_LEN (0x85)`
+        // first on Extension Unit `GET_CUR` requests so the buffer matches the firmware's wLength.
+        let actual_len = if is_xu && req == UvcRequest::GetCur {
+            match self.get_len(unit_id, selector) {
+                Ok(uvc_len) if uvc_len > 0 => uvc_len as usize,
+                _ => len,
+            }
+        } else {
+            len
+        };
+
+        #[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
+        if let Some(v4l) = &self.v4l_file {
+            let mut buf = vec![0u8; actual_len];
+            if linux_uvcioc_ctrl_query(v4l, unit_id, selector, req as u8, &mut buf).is_ok() {
+                return Ok(buf);
+            }
+        }
+
+        let hdr = UvcControlPacketHeader::new(
+            req,
+            selector,
+            unit_id,
+            self.info.unit_ids.control_interface,
+        );
+        let mut buf = vec![0u8; actual_len];
+        let control = nusb::transfer::Control {
+            control_type: nusb::transfer::ControlType::Class,
+            recipient: nusb::transfer::Recipient::Interface,
+            request: hdr.b_request,
+            value: hdr.w_value,
+            index: hdr.w_index,
+        };
+        let n = if let Some(iface) = &self.interface {
+            iface
+                .control_in_blocking(control, &mut buf, self.timeout)
+                .map_err(|e| TransportError::Usb(e.to_string()))?
+        } else {
+            #[cfg(not(target_os = "windows"))]
+            {
+                self.device
+                    .control_in_blocking(control, &mut buf, self.timeout)
+                    .map_err(|e| TransportError::Usb(e.to_string()))?
+            }
+            #[cfg(target_os = "windows")]
+            {
+                return Err(TransportError::Usb(
+                    "UVC control interface could not be claimed on Windows".to_string(),
+                ));
+            }
+        };
+        buf.truncate(n);
+        Ok(buf)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Stateful in-memory simulated Insta360 Link / Link 2 / Link 2C camera transport.
+/// Ideal for testing, CI, and interactive GUI exploration when no physical webcam is plugged in.
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct MockCameraTransport {
+    info: DiscoveredCamera,
+    state: Arc<Mutex<MockState>>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+struct MockState {
+    registers: HashMap<(u8, u8), Vec<u8>>,
+    pan_arcsec: i32,
+    tilt_arcsec: i32,
+    zoom: u16,
+    roll: i16,
+    focus: u16,
+    auto_focus: bool,
+    brightness: i16,
+    contrast: u16,
+    saturation: u16,
+    sharpness: u16,
+    wb_kelvin: u16,
+    wb_auto: bool,
+    power_line: u8,
+    shutter: u32,
+    extend_bits: u32,
+    video_mode: u8,
+    video_aux: [u8; 36],
+    track_speed: u8,
+    composition_style: u8,
+    gestures: [u8; 6],
+    audio_denoise: bool,
+    audio_mode: u8,
+    ev_comp: f32,
+    iso: u16,
+    auto_exposure: bool,
+    filter_mode: u8,
+    privacy_mode: bool,
+    horiz_correction: bool,
+    default_track_mode: u8,
+    preset_mask: u8,
+    current_preset: u8,
+    template_mask: u64,
+    current_template: i8,
+    template_names: HashMap<i8, String>,
+    gesture_bindings: [u8; 5],
+    forbidden_areas: Vec<u8>,
+    command_log: Vec<(UvcRequest, u8, u8, Vec<u8>)>,
+}
+
+impl MockCameraTransport {
+    pub fn new(model: CameraModel) -> Self {
+        let pid = model.pid();
+        let unit_ids = UvcUnitIds::default();
+        let info = DiscoveredCamera {
+            vendor_id: INSTA360_VENDOR_ID,
+            product_id: pid,
+            model,
+            name: format!("{} (Simulated)", model.display_name()),
+            unique_id: format!("mock-0x{:04x}-0x{:04x}", INSTA360_VENDOR_ID, pid),
+            bus_number: 1,
+            device_address: 2,
+            unit_ids,
+            capabilities: DeviceCapabilities::for_pid(pid),
+        };
+        let mut video_aux = [0u8; 36];
+        video_aux[20..22].copy_from_slice(&100u16.to_le_bytes());
+        let state = MockState {
+            registers: HashMap::new(),
+            pan_arcsec: 0,
+            tilt_arcsec: 0,
+            zoom: 100,
+            roll: 0,
+            focus: 50,
+            auto_focus: true,
+            brightness: 50,
+            contrast: 50,
+            saturation: 50,
+            sharpness: 50,
+            wb_kelvin: 5000,
+            wb_auto: true,
+            power_line: 2, // 60Hz
+            shutter: 200,
+            extend_bits: (1 << (ExtendFunction::AutoTracking as u8))
+                | (1 << (ExtendFunction::AllGestures as u8)),
+            video_mode: VideoMode::Normal as u8,
+            video_aux,
+            track_speed: TrackSpeed::Normal as u8,
+            composition_style: CompositionStyle::HalfBody as u8,
+            gestures: [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0],
+            audio_denoise: true,
+            audio_mode: AudioCaptureMode::VoiceFocus as u8,
+            ev_comp: 0.0,
+            iso: 100,
+            auto_exposure: true,
+            filter_mode: 0,
+            privacy_mode: false,
+            horiz_correction: pid == pids::LINK_2,
+            default_track_mode: 0,
+            preset_mask: 0b0000_0011,
+            current_preset: 0,
+            template_mask: 0b0000_0010,
+            current_template: 1,
+            template_names: HashMap::from([(1, "Studio Warm".to_string())]),
+            gesture_bindings: [
+                GestureFunction::None as u8,
+                GestureFunction::AutoTracking as u8,
+                GestureFunction::Zoom as u8,
+                GestureFunction::WhiteBoard as u8,
+                GestureFunction::AutoFraming as u8,
+            ],
+            forbidden_areas: vec![0u8; 40],
+            command_log: Vec::new(),
+        };
+        Self {
+            info,
+            state: Arc::new(Mutex::new(state)),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn command_log(&self) -> Vec<(UvcRequest, u8, u8, Vec<u8>)> {
+        self.state.lock().unwrap().command_log.clone()
+    }
+}
+
+impl UvcControlTransport for MockCameraTransport {
+    fn camera_info(&self) -> &DiscoveredCamera {
+        &self.info
+    }
+
+    fn set_cur(&self, unit_id: u8, selector: u8, data: &[u8]) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+        let mut st = self.state.lock().unwrap();
+        st.command_log
+            .push((UvcRequest::SetCur, unit_id, selector, data.to_vec()));
+        st.registers.insert((unit_id, selector), data.to_vec());
+
+        let ids = self.info.unit_ids;
+        if unit_id == ids.input_terminal_id {
+            match selector {
+                ct_selectors::ZOOM_ABSOLUTE if data.len() >= 2 => {
+                    st.zoom = u16::from_le_bytes([data[0], data[1]]);
+                }
+                ct_selectors::PANTILT_ABSOLUTE if data.len() >= 8 => {
+                    st.pan_arcsec = i32::from_le_bytes([data[0], data[1], data[2], data[3]]);
+                    st.tilt_arcsec = i32::from_le_bytes([data[4], data[5], data[6], data[7]]);
+                }
+                ct_selectors::PANTILT_RELATIVE if data.len() >= 4 => {
+                    let pan_dir = data[0] as i8;
+                    let pan_spd = data[1] as i32;
+                    let tilt_dir = data[2] as i8;
+                    let tilt_spd = data[3] as i32;
+                    st.pan_arcsec = (st.pan_arcsec + (pan_dir as i32) * pan_spd * 3600).clamp(-468000, 468000);
+                    st.tilt_arcsec = (st.tilt_arcsec + (tilt_dir as i32) * tilt_spd * 3600).clamp(-324000, 324000);
+                }
+                ct_selectors::ROLL_ABSOLUTE if data.len() >= 2 => {
+                    st.roll = i16::from_le_bytes([data[0], data[1]]);
+                }
+                ct_selectors::FOCUS_ABSOLUTE if data.len() >= 2 => {
+                    st.focus = u16::from_le_bytes([data[0], data[1]]);
+                }
+                ct_selectors::FOCUS_AUTO if !data.is_empty() => {
+                    st.auto_focus = data[0] != 0;
+                }
+                ct_selectors::EXPOSURE_TIME_ABSOLUTE if data.len() >= 4 => {
+                    st.shutter = u32::from_le_bytes([data[0], data[1], data[2], data[3]]);
+                }
+                _ => {}
+            }
+        } else if unit_id == ids.processing_unit_id {
+            match selector {
+                pu_selectors::BRIGHTNESS if data.len() >= 2 => {
+                    st.brightness = i16::from_le_bytes([data[0], data[1]]);
+                }
+                pu_selectors::CONTRAST if data.len() >= 2 => {
+                    st.contrast = u16::from_le_bytes([data[0], data[1]]);
+                }
+                pu_selectors::SATURATION if data.len() >= 2 => {
+                    st.saturation = u16::from_le_bytes([data[0], data[1]]);
+                }
+                pu_selectors::SHARPNESS if data.len() >= 2 => {
+                    st.sharpness = u16::from_le_bytes([data[0], data[1]]);
+                }
+                pu_selectors::WHITE_BALANCE_TEMPERATURE if data.len() >= 2 => {
+                    st.wb_kelvin = u16::from_le_bytes([data[0], data[1]]);
+                }
+                pu_selectors::WHITE_BALANCE_TEMPERATURE_AUTO if !data.is_empty() => {
+                    st.wb_auto = data[0] != 0;
+                }
+                pu_selectors::POWER_LINE_FREQUENCY if !data.is_empty() => {
+                    st.power_line = data[0];
+                }
+                _ => {}
+            }
+        } else if unit_id == ids.extension_unit_id {
+            match selector {
+                xu1_selectors::SYSTEM_AND_PRESET_CMD if data.len() >= 2 => match data[0] {
+                    0 => st.current_preset = data[1],
+                    1 => {
+                        st.preset_mask |= 1 << (data[1] & 7);
+                        st.current_preset = data[1];
+                    }
+                    2 => st.preset_mask &= !(1 << (data[1] & 7)),
+                    3 => {
+                        st.pan_arcsec = 0;
+                        st.tilt_arcsec = 0;
+                        st.zoom = 100;
+                        st.roll = 0;
+                    }
+                    4 => {
+                        st.brightness = 50;
+                        st.contrast = 50;
+                        st.saturation = 50;
+                        st.sharpness = 50;
+                        st.wb_auto = true;
+                        st.auto_exposure = true;
+                        st.video_mode = 0;
+                    }
+                    _ => {}
+                },
+                xu1_selectors::VIDEO_MODE if !data.is_empty() => {
+                    st.video_mode = data[0];
+                    if data.len() == 8 {
+                        st.video_aux[0] = data[0];
+                        st.video_aux[1] = data[1];
+                        st.video_aux[18..20].copy_from_slice(&data[2..4]);
+                        st.video_aux[20..22].copy_from_slice(&data[4..6]);
+                    } else {
+                        let copy_len = data.len().min(36);
+                        st.video_aux[..copy_len].copy_from_slice(&data[..copy_len]);
+                    }
+                }
+                xu1_selectors::TRACKING_AND_GESTURE if data.len() >= 2 => match data[0] {
+                    0 => st.gestures[0] = data[1],
+                    1 if data.len() >= 6 => st.gestures.copy_from_slice(&data[..6]),
+                    5 => st.track_speed = data[1],
+                    6 => st.composition_style = data[1],
+                    _ => {}
+                },
+                xu1_selectors::AUDIO_CONTROL if !data.is_empty() => {
+                    st.audio_mode = data[0];
+                    if data[0] <= 1 {
+                        st.audio_denoise = data[0] != 0;
+                    }
+                }
+                xu1_selectors::EXPOSURE_CURVE_AND_ISO if data.len() >= 3 => {
+                    st.auto_exposure = data[0] != 0;
+                    st.iso = u16::from_le_bytes([data[1], data[2]]);
+                }
+                xu1_selectors::EXPOSURE_COMPENSATION if data.len() >= 4 => {
+                    st.ev_comp = f32::from_le_bytes([data[0], data[1], data[2], data[3]]);
+                }
+                xu1_selectors::EXTEND_FUNC_BITMASK if data.len() >= 8 => {
+                    st.extend_bits = u32::from_le_bytes([data[4], data[5], data[6], data[7]]);
+                }
+                xu1_selectors::PANTILT_RELATIVE_EXT if data.len() >= 4 => {
+                    let pan_spd = data[0] as i32;
+                    let pan_dir = data[1] as i8 as i32;
+                    let tilt_spd = data[2] as i32;
+                    let tilt_dir = data[3] as i8 as i32;
+                    st.pan_arcsec = (st.pan_arcsec + pan_dir * pan_spd * 3600).clamp(-468000, 468000);
+                    st.tilt_arcsec = (st.tilt_arcsec + tilt_dir * tilt_spd * 3600).clamp(-324000, 324000);
+                }
+                _ => {}
+            }
+        } else if unit_id == ids.extension_unit2_id {
+            match selector {
+                xu2_selectors::GESTURE_BINDING_MAP if data.len() >= 2 => {
+                    let g = data[0] as usize;
+                    if g < 5 {
+                        st.gesture_bindings[g] = data[1];
+                    }
+                }
+                xu2_selectors::TRACK_FORBIDDEN_AREA if !data.is_empty() => {
+                    st.forbidden_areas = data.to_vec();
+                }
+                xu2_selectors::IMAGE_TEMPLATE_INFO if data.len() >= 11 => {
+                    st.current_template = data[0] as i8;
+                    st.template_mask = u64::from_le_bytes(data[2..10].try_into().unwrap());
+                }
+                xu2_selectors::IMAGE_TEMPLATE_NAME if data.len() >= 2 => {
+                    let id = data[0] as i8;
+                    let end = data[1..].iter().position(|&b| b == 0).unwrap_or(data.len() - 1);
+                    let name = String::from_utf8_lossy(&data[1..1 + end]).to_string();
+                    st.template_names.insert(id, name);
+                }
+                xu2_selectors::FILTER_MODE if !data.is_empty() => {
+                    st.filter_mode = data[0];
+                }
+                xu2_selectors::PRIVACY_AND_FILL_LIGHT if data.len() >= 2 => {
+                    if data[0] == 2 {
+                        st.privacy_mode = data[1] != 0;
+                    }
+                }
+                xu2_selectors::DEFAULT_TRACK_MODE if !data.is_empty() => {
+                    st.default_track_mode = data[0];
+                }
+                xu2_selectors::HORIZONTAL_CORRECTION if !data.is_empty() => {
+                    st.horiz_correction = data[0] != 0;
+                }
+                _ => {}
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn get_req(
+        &self,
+        req: UvcRequest,
+        unit_id: u8,
+        selector: u8,
+        len: usize,
+    ) -> Result<Vec<u8>, TransportError> {
+        let st = self.state.lock().unwrap();
+        let ids = self.info.unit_ids;
+
+        if req == UvcRequest::GetLen {
+            let l: u16 = if unit_id == ids.extension_unit_id {
+                match selector {
+                    xu1_selectors::SYSTEM_AND_PRESET_CMD => 4,
+                    xu1_selectors::VIDEO_MODE => 36,
+                    xu1_selectors::TRACKING_AND_GESTURE => 16,
+                    xu1_selectors::AUDIO_CONTROL => 2,
+                    xu1_selectors::TRACK_OBJECT_SELECT => 10,
+                    xu1_selectors::TRACK_OBJECT_LIST_V1 => 20,
+                    xu1_selectors::EXPOSURE_CURVE_AND_ISO => 259,
+                    xu1_selectors::EXPOSURE_COMPENSATION => 4,
+                    xu1_selectors::WHITE_BALANCE_EXT => 129,
+                    xu1_selectors::EXTEND_FUNC_BITMASK => 8,
+                    xu1_selectors::PANTILT_RELATIVE_EXT => 4,
+                    xu1_selectors::DEVICE_STATUS => 4,
+                    xu1_selectors::PTZ_VERSION_AND_ABS => 30,
+                    xu1_selectors::PRESET_POSITION_FLAGS => 8,
+                    _ => len as u16,
+                }
+            } else if unit_id == ids.extension_unit2_id {
+                match selector {
+                    xu2_selectors::GESTURE_BINDING_MAP => 16,
+                    xu2_selectors::SYSTEM_TIME_AND_IQ => 10,
+                    xu2_selectors::DEVICE_INFO => 150,
+                    xu2_selectors::IMAGE_TEMPLATE_INFO => 11,
+                    xu2_selectors::IMAGE_TEMPLATE_NAME => 65,
+                    xu2_selectors::FILTER_MODE => 1,
+                    xu2_selectors::PRIVACY_AND_FILL_LIGHT => 4,
+                    xu2_selectors::HOST_PTZ => 8,
+                    xu2_selectors::TRACK_OBJECT_LIST_V2 => 20,
+                    xu2_selectors::TRACK_FORBIDDEN_AREA => 40,
+                    xu2_selectors::DEFAULT_TRACK_MODE => 1,
+                    xu2_selectors::HORIZONTAL_CORRECTION => 1,
+                    xu2_selectors::REAL_ZOOM_AND_UDISK => 4,
+                    _ => len as u16,
+                }
+            } else {
+                len as u16
+            };
+            return Ok(l.to_le_bytes().to_vec());
+        }
+
+        if unit_id == ids.input_terminal_id {
+            match selector {
+                ct_selectors::ZOOM_ABSOLUTE => {
+                    let v: u16 = match req {
+                        UvcRequest::GetMin => 100,
+                        UvcRequest::GetMax => 400,
+                        UvcRequest::GetRes => 1,
+                        UvcRequest::GetDef => 100,
+                        _ => st.zoom,
+                    };
+                    return Ok(v.to_le_bytes().to_vec());
+                }
+                ct_selectors::PANTILT_ABSOLUTE => {
+                    let (p, t): (i32, i32) = match req {
+                        UvcRequest::GetMin => (-468000, -324000),
+                        UvcRequest::GetMax => (468000, 324000),
+                        UvcRequest::GetRes => (3600, 3600),
+                        UvcRequest::GetDef => (0, 0),
+                        _ => (st.pan_arcsec, st.tilt_arcsec),
+                    };
+                    let mut out = [0u8; 8];
+                    out[0..4].copy_from_slice(&p.to_le_bytes());
+                    out[4..8].copy_from_slice(&t.to_le_bytes());
+                    return Ok(out.to_vec());
+                }
+                ct_selectors::ROLL_ABSOLUTE => {
+                    let v: i16 = match req {
+                        UvcRequest::GetMin => -1800,
+                        UvcRequest::GetMax => 1800,
+                        UvcRequest::GetRes => 1,
+                        UvcRequest::GetDef => 0,
+                        _ => st.roll,
+                    };
+                    return Ok(v.to_le_bytes().to_vec());
+                }
+                ct_selectors::FOCUS_ABSOLUTE => {
+                    let v: u16 = match req {
+                        UvcRequest::GetMin => 0,
+                        UvcRequest::GetMax => 100,
+                        UvcRequest::GetRes => 1,
+                        UvcRequest::GetDef => 50,
+                        _ => st.focus,
+                    };
+                    return Ok(v.to_le_bytes().to_vec());
+                }
+                ct_selectors::FOCUS_AUTO => {
+                    return Ok(vec![u8::from(st.auto_focus)]);
+                }
+                ct_selectors::EXPOSURE_TIME_ABSOLUTE => {
+                    let v: u32 = match req {
+                        UvcRequest::GetMin => 10,
+                        UvcRequest::GetMax => 1000,
+                        UvcRequest::GetRes => 1,
+                        UvcRequest::GetDef => 200,
+                        _ => st.shutter,
+                    };
+                    return Ok(v.to_le_bytes().to_vec());
+                }
+                _ => {}
+            }
+        } else if unit_id == ids.processing_unit_id {
+            match selector {
+                pu_selectors::BRIGHTNESS => {
+                    let v: i16 = match req {
+                        UvcRequest::GetMin => 0,
+                        UvcRequest::GetMax => 100,
+                        UvcRequest::GetRes => 1,
+                        UvcRequest::GetDef => 50,
+                        _ => st.brightness,
+                    };
+                    return Ok(v.to_le_bytes().to_vec());
+                }
+                pu_selectors::CONTRAST => {
+                    let v: u16 = match req {
+                        UvcRequest::GetMin => 0,
+                        UvcRequest::GetMax => 100,
+                        UvcRequest::GetRes => 1,
+                        UvcRequest::GetDef => 50,
+                        _ => st.contrast,
+                    };
+                    return Ok(v.to_le_bytes().to_vec());
+                }
+                pu_selectors::SATURATION => {
+                    let v: u16 = match req {
+                        UvcRequest::GetMin => 0,
+                        UvcRequest::GetMax => 100,
+                        UvcRequest::GetRes => 1,
+                        UvcRequest::GetDef => 50,
+                        _ => st.saturation,
+                    };
+                    return Ok(v.to_le_bytes().to_vec());
+                }
+                pu_selectors::SHARPNESS => {
+                    let v: u16 = match req {
+                        UvcRequest::GetMin => 0,
+                        UvcRequest::GetMax => 100,
+                        UvcRequest::GetRes => 1,
+                        UvcRequest::GetDef => 50,
+                        _ => st.sharpness,
+                    };
+                    return Ok(v.to_le_bytes().to_vec());
+                }
+                pu_selectors::WHITE_BALANCE_TEMPERATURE => {
+                    let v: u16 = match req {
+                        UvcRequest::GetMin => 2000,
+                        UvcRequest::GetMax => 10000,
+                        UvcRequest::GetRes => 50,
+                        UvcRequest::GetDef => 5000,
+                        _ => st.wb_kelvin,
+                    };
+                    return Ok(v.to_le_bytes().to_vec());
+                }
+                pu_selectors::WHITE_BALANCE_TEMPERATURE_AUTO => {
+                    return Ok(vec![u8::from(st.wb_auto)]);
+                }
+                pu_selectors::POWER_LINE_FREQUENCY => {
+                    return Ok(vec![st.power_line]);
+                }
+                _ => {}
+            }
+        } else if unit_id == ids.extension_unit_id {
+            match selector {
+                xu1_selectors::VIDEO_MODE => {
+                    let mut out = st.video_aux;
+                    out[0] = st.video_mode;
+                    return Ok(out.to_vec());
+                }
+                xu1_selectors::TRACKING_AND_GESTURE => {
+                    let mut out = [0u8; 16];
+                    out[..6].copy_from_slice(&st.gestures);
+                    out[6] = st.track_speed;
+                    out[7] = st.composition_style;
+                    return Ok(out.to_vec());
+                }
+                xu1_selectors::AUDIO_CONTROL => {
+                    return Ok(vec![st.audio_mode, u8::from(st.audio_denoise)]);
+                }
+                xu1_selectors::EXPOSURE_CURVE_AND_ISO => {
+                    let mut out = vec![0u8; 259];
+                    out[0] = u8::from(st.auto_exposure);
+                    out[1..3].copy_from_slice(&st.iso.to_le_bytes());
+                    return Ok(out);
+                }
+                xu1_selectors::EXPOSURE_COMPENSATION => {
+                    return Ok(st.ev_comp.to_le_bytes().to_vec());
+                }
+                xu1_selectors::EXTEND_FUNC_BITMASK => {
+                    let mut out = [0u8; 8];
+                    out[0..4].copy_from_slice(&0xffff_ffffu32.to_le_bytes());
+                    out[4..8].copy_from_slice(&st.extend_bits.to_le_bytes());
+                    return Ok(out.to_vec());
+                }
+                xu1_selectors::PANTILT_RELATIVE_EXT => {
+                    return Ok(vec![1, 10, 1, 10]);
+                }
+                xu1_selectors::DEVICE_STATUS => {
+                    let mut flags = 0u32;
+                    if st.video_mode == VideoMode::AutoTracking as u8 {
+                        flags |= DeviceStatus::TRACKING_ACTIVE.bits();
+                    }
+                    if st.privacy_mode {
+                        flags |= DeviceStatus::PRIVACY_SLEEP.bits();
+                    }
+                    return Ok(flags.to_le_bytes().to_vec());
+                }
+                xu1_selectors::PTZ_VERSION_AND_ABS => {
+                    let mut out = [0u8; 30];
+                    let ver = b"v1.3.1.0_build0";
+                    out[..ver.len()].copy_from_slice(ver);
+                    let pan_deg10 = (st.pan_arcsec / 360) as i16;
+                    let tilt_deg10 = (st.tilt_arcsec / 360) as i16;
+                    out[20..22].copy_from_slice(&pan_deg10.to_le_bytes());
+                    out[22..24].copy_from_slice(&tilt_deg10.to_le_bytes());
+                    out[24..26].copy_from_slice(&st.zoom.to_le_bytes());
+                    return Ok(out.to_vec());
+                }
+                xu1_selectors::PRESET_POSITION_FLAGS => {
+                    let mut out = [0u8; 8];
+                    out[0] = st.preset_mask;
+                    out[1] = st.current_preset;
+                    out[2] = 6;
+                    return Ok(out.to_vec());
+                }
+                _ => {}
+            }
+        } else if unit_id == ids.extension_unit2_id {
+            match selector {
+                xu2_selectors::GESTURE_BINDING_MAP => {
+                    let mut out = [0u8; 16];
+                    out[..5].copy_from_slice(&st.gesture_bindings);
+                    return Ok(out.to_vec());
+                }
+                xu2_selectors::TRACK_FORBIDDEN_AREA => {
+                    return Ok(st.forbidden_areas.clone());
+                }
+                xu2_selectors::DEVICE_INFO => {
+                    let mut out = [0u8; 150];
+                    let name = self.info.model.display_name().as_bytes();
+                    out[..name.len().min(49)].copy_from_slice(&name[..name.len().min(49)]);
+                    let fw = b"v2.5.8.8_build1";
+                    out[50..50 + fw.len()].copy_from_slice(fw);
+                    let sn = b"INSTA360SIM0001";
+                    out[100..100 + sn.len()].copy_from_slice(sn);
+                    return Ok(out.to_vec());
+                }
+                xu2_selectors::IMAGE_TEMPLATE_INFO => {
+                    let mut out = [0u8; 11];
+                    out[0] = st.current_template as u8;
+                    out[1] = 0;
+                    out[2..10].copy_from_slice(&st.template_mask.to_le_bytes());
+                    out[10] = 10;
+                    return Ok(out.to_vec());
+                }
+                xu2_selectors::IMAGE_TEMPLATE_NAME => {
+                    let mut out = [0u8; 65];
+                    out[0] = st.current_template as u8;
+                    if let Some(name) = st.template_names.get(&st.current_template) {
+                        let b = name.as_bytes();
+                        out[1..1 + b.len().min(63)].copy_from_slice(&b[..b.len().min(63)]);
+                    }
+                    return Ok(out.to_vec());
+                }
+                xu2_selectors::FILTER_MODE => {
+                    return Ok(vec![st.filter_mode]);
+                }
+                xu2_selectors::PRIVACY_AND_FILL_LIGHT => {
+                    return Ok(vec![0, u8::from(st.privacy_mode), 0, 0]);
+                }
+                xu2_selectors::DEFAULT_TRACK_MODE => {
+                    return Ok(vec![st.default_track_mode]);
+                }
+                xu2_selectors::HORIZONTAL_CORRECTION => {
+                    return Ok(vec![u8::from(st.horiz_correction)]);
+                }
+                xu2_selectors::REAL_ZOOM_AND_UDISK => {
+                    let mut out = [0u8; 4];
+                    out[0..2].copy_from_slice(&st.zoom.to_le_bytes());
+                    return Ok(out.to_vec());
+                }
+                _ => {}
+            }
+        }
+
+        if let Some(saved) = st.registers.get(&(unit_id, selector)) {
+            let mut v = saved.clone();
+            v.resize(len, 0);
+            return Ok(v);
+        }
+
+        Ok(vec![0u8; len])
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/insta360-link-protocol/src/types.rs b/crates/insta360-link-protocol/src/types.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..40fff83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/insta360-link-protocol/src/types.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,664 @@
+use bitflags::bitflags;
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use crate::ids::{CameraModel, DeviceCapabilities, UvcUnitIds};
+
+/// UVC Class-Specific Request Codes (`MacUVCCameraControl::SetData` / `GetData` at `0x10019282c`)
+/// - `SET_CUR`: `bmRequestType = 0x21`, `bRequest = 0x01` (`w10 = 0x0121`)
+/// - `GET_*`: `bmRequestType = 0xa1`, `bRequest = 0x81..0x87`
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[repr(u8)]
+pub enum UvcRequest {
+    SetCur = 0x01,
+    GetCur = 0x81,
+    GetMin = 0x82,
+    GetMax = 0x83,
+    GetRes = 0x84,
+    GetLen = 0x85,
+    GetInfo = 0x86,
+    GetDef = 0x87,
+}
+
+/// Standard UVC Input Terminal (Camera Terminal) Control Selectors (`MacUVCCameraController`)
+pub mod ct_selectors {
+    /// `CT_AE_MODE_CONTROL` (`0x02`, 1 byte: 1=Manual, 2=Auto, 4=ShutterPriority, 8=AperturePriority)
+    pub const AE_MODE: u8 = 0x02;
+    /// `CT_EXPOSURE_TIME_ABSOLUTE_CONTROL` (`0x04`, 4 bytes)
+    pub const EXPOSURE_TIME_ABSOLUTE: u8 = 0x04;
+    /// `CT_FOCUS_ABSOLUTE_CONTROL` (`0x06`, 2 bytes)
+    pub const FOCUS_ABSOLUTE: u8 = 0x06;
+    /// `CT_FOCUS_AUTO_CONTROL` (`0x08`, 1 byte: 0 or 1)
+    pub const FOCUS_AUTO: u8 = 0x08;
+    /// `CT_ZOOM_ABSOLUTE_CONTROL` (`0x0b`, 2 bytes, typically 100..400)
+    pub const ZOOM_ABSOLUTE: u8 = 0x0b;
+    /// `CT_PANTILT_ABSOLUTE_CONTROL` (`0x0d`, 8 bytes: i32 pan_arcsec, i32 tilt_arcsec)
+    pub const PANTILT_ABSOLUTE: u8 = 0x0d;
+    /// `CT_PANTILT_RELATIVE_CONTROL` (`0x0e`, 4 bytes: i8 pan_dir, u8 pan_speed, i8 tilt_dir, u8 tilt_speed)
+    pub const PANTILT_RELATIVE: u8 = 0x0e;
+    /// `CT_ROLL_ABSOLUTE_CONTROL` (`0x0f`, 2 bytes: i16 roll)
+    pub const ROLL_ABSOLUTE: u8 = 0x0f;
+}
+
+/// Standard UVC Processing Unit Control Selectors (`MacUVCCameraController`)
+pub mod pu_selectors {
+    /// `PU_BRIGHTNESS_CONTROL` (`0x02`, 2 bytes: i16)
+    pub const BRIGHTNESS: u8 = 0x02;
+    /// `PU_CONTRAST_CONTROL` (`0x03`, 2 bytes: u16)
+    pub const CONTRAST: u8 = 0x03;
+    /// `PU_POWER_LINE_FREQUENCY_CONTROL` (`0x05`, 1 byte: 0=Disabled, 1=50Hz, 2=60Hz, 3=Auto)
+    pub const POWER_LINE_FREQUENCY: u8 = 0x05;
+    /// `PU_SATURATION_CONTROL` (`0x07`, 2 bytes: u16)
+    pub const SATURATION: u8 = 0x07;
+    /// `PU_SHARPNESS_CONTROL` (`0x08`, 2 bytes: u16)
+    pub const SHARPNESS: u8 = 0x08;
+    /// `PU_WHITE_BALANCE_TEMPERATURE_CONTROL` (`0x0a`, 2 bytes: u16 Kelvin)
+    pub const WHITE_BALANCE_TEMPERATURE: u8 = 0x0a;
+    /// `PU_WHITE_BALANCE_TEMPERATURE_AUTO_CONTROL` (`0x0b`, 1 byte: 0 or 1)
+    pub const WHITE_BALANCE_TEMPERATURE_AUTO: u8 = 0x0b;
+}
+
+/// Insta360 Extension Unit 1 (`FAF1672D-B71B-4793-8C91-7B1C9B7F95F8`) Control Selectors
+/// Verified across `MacUVCCameraExtendController::*` (`0x100195a18`–`0x10019bd00`).
+pub mod xu1_selectors {
+    /// `0x01`: Preset / Gimbal / PTZ / Factory Reset / Composition Bias / Forbidden Area multiplexed control
+    /// - `[0, index, 0, 0]` (4B): SetCurPresetPosition
+    /// - `[1, index, 0, 0]` (4B): AddPresetPosition
+    /// - `[2, index, 0, 0]` (4B): DeletePresetPosition
+    /// - `[3, 0, 0, 0]` (4B): ResetGimbal (PTZ home)
+    /// - `[4, 0, 0, 0]` (4B): LoadFactoryDefault
+    /// - `[6, x_lo, x_hi, y_lo, y_hi]` (5B): SetCompositionBias (x: i16, y: i16; 0x7fff = reset)
+    /// - `[7, 1, 0, 0]` (4B): EnterTrackForbiddenAreaSetting
+    /// - `[8, 1, 0, 0]` (4B): ExitTrackForbiddenAreaSetting
+    pub const SYSTEM_AND_PRESET_CMD: u8 = 0x01;
+
+    /// `0x02`: Video Mode & Auxiliary Data (`SetVideoMode` / `GetVideoMode`)
+    /// - Set: 8 bytes (Link/Link 2) or 36 bytes (Link 2C/PUC3 Host)
+    /// - Get: 36 bytes (`[mode_u8, flags_u8, x_i32, y_i32, w_i32, h_i32, pitch_i16, zoom_u16, ...]`)
+    pub const VIDEO_MODE: u8 = 0x02;
+
+    /// `0x03`: AI Tracking & Gesture Control
+    /// - `GetGestureStatus` / `EnableAllGesture` / `EnableGestureWork`: 6-byte status (`[all, ok, palm, l, v, rock]`)
+    /// - `ForceSetSmartWhiteBoard(mode)` (`[3, mode_u8, ...]`, 16B)
+    /// - `SetTrackSpeed` / `GetTrackSpeed`: (`[5, speed_u8, ...]`, 16B)
+    /// - `SetCompositionStyle` / `GetCompositionStyle`: (`[6, style_u8, ...]`, 16B)
+    pub const TRACKING_AND_GESTURE: u8 = 0x03;
+
+    /// `0x04`: Audio Noise Reduction & Audio Capture Mode (`2` bytes)
+    /// - `EnableAudioNoiseReduction` / `GetAudioNoiseStatus`: `buf[0] = 0/1`
+    /// - `SetAudioCaptureMode` / `GetAudioCaptureMode`: `buf[0] = mode (1..=5)`
+    pub const AUDIO_CONTROL: u8 = 0x04;
+
+    /// `0x05`: Select Tracked Person / Object Bounding Box (`SetTrackObj`, 10 bytes: `i16 x, y, w, h, id`)
+    pub const TRACK_OBJECT_SELECT: u8 = 0x05;
+
+    /// `0x06`: Detected Trackable Objects List (Link 1: `GetTrackObjLists`, N * 10 bytes of `UVCRect`)
+    pub const TRACK_OBJECT_LIST_V1: u8 = 0x06;
+
+    /// `0x07`: Exposure Curve & Manual Exposure (`GetExpouseCurve` / `SetExpouseCurve` / `EnableAutoExposure` / `GetAutoExposureStatus` / `SetISOValue` / `GetISOValue`, 259 bytes)
+    pub const EXPOSURE_CURVE_AND_ISO: u8 = 0x07;
+
+    /// `0x08`: Exposure Compensation (`SetExposureCompensation` / `GetExposureCompensation`, 4 bytes: `f32` EV)
+    pub const EXPOSURE_COMPENSATION: u8 = 0x08;
+
+    /// `0x09`: White Balance Extended Parameters (`SetWhiteBalanceParam` / `GetWhiteBalanceParam`, 129 bytes)
+    pub const WHITE_BALANCE_EXT: u8 = 0x09;
+
+    /// `0x0a`: Extended Function Bitmask (`EnableExtendFuncWork` / `GetExtendFuncStatus` / `EnableVerticalScreen` / `EnableLowResolution`, 8 bytes: `u32 mask, u32 values`)
+    pub const EXTEND_FUNC_BITMASK: u8 = 0x0a;
+
+    /// `0x0b`: Gimbal Relative Pan/Tilt (`SetPanTiltRelative` / `GetPanTiltRelative`, 4 bytes: `[pan_speed, pan_dir, tilt_speed, tilt_dir]`)
+    pub const PANTILT_RELATIVE_EXT: u8 = 0x0b;
+
+    /// `0x0c`: Device Status Flags (`GetDeviceStatus`, 4 bytes: `u32` bitflags)
+    pub const DEVICE_STATUS: u8 = 0x0c;
+
+    /// `0x0d`: PTZ Version & Gimbal Absolute Position (`GetPTZVersionInfo` / `GetPanTiltAbsoluteValue`, 30 bytes)
+    pub const PTZ_VERSION_AND_ABS: u8 = 0x0d;
+
+    /// `0x0e`: Preset Position Bitflags (`GetCurPresetPositionFlag`, 8 bytes)
+    pub const PRESET_POSITION_FLAGS: u8 = 0x0e;
+
+    /// `0x0f`: Switch to Read-Only Mass Storage Class (`SwitchMscReadOnlyClass`, 4 bytes: `[2, 0, 0, 0]`)
+    /// Also used by `DownloadFileFromCamera` (`[1, 0, 0, 0]`).
+    pub const USB_MODE_SWITCH: u8 = 0x0f;
+}
+
+/// Insta360 Extension Unit 2 (`E307E649-4618-A3FF-82FC-2D8B5F216773`) Control Selectors
+/// Verified across `MacUVCCameraExtendController::*` (`0x100195a18`–`0x10019c478`).
+pub mod xu2_selectors {
+    /// `0x01`: Gesture Binding Map (`GetGestureBindingMap` / `SetGestureBindingFunc`)
+    pub const GESTURE_BINDING_MAP: u8 = 0x01;
+
+    /// `0x02`: Camera System & Timestamp (`SetTimestamp`, `SetIQSwitch`, `RestoreFactorySet`)
+    /// - `[1, ts_le_bytes[0..8], ...]`: SetTimestamp
+    /// - `[2, iq_bitmask_u32_le, ...]`: SetIQSwitch (D0=bit 0, D1=bit 1)
+    /// - `[4, 1, ...]`: RestoreFactorySet(true) (reboot/full)
+    /// - `[5, 1, ...]`: RestoreFactorySet(false) (settings only)
+    pub const SYSTEM_TIME_AND_IQ: u8 = 0x02;
+
+    /// `0x03`: Device Info & Serial Number (`GetDeviceInfo` / `GetSerialNumber`, 150 bytes:
+    /// `[0..50]` device_name, `[50..100]` fw_version, `[100..150]` serial_number)
+    pub const DEVICE_INFO: u8 = 0x03;
+
+    /// `0x04`: Image Template Management (`GetImageTemplateInfo`, `SetImageTemplate`, `DeleteTemplate`, 11 bytes)
+    pub const IMAGE_TEMPLATE_INFO: u8 = 0x04;
+
+    /// `0x05`: Image Template Name (`GetImageTemplateName` / `SetImageTemplateName`, 65 bytes: `[id_i8, name[64]]`)
+    pub const IMAGE_TEMPLATE_NAME: u8 = 0x05;
+
+    /// `0x06`: Image Filter Mode (`SetFilter` / `GetFilter`, 1 byte: `0..=8`)
+    pub const FILTER_MODE: u8 = 0x06;
+
+    /// `0x08`: Fill Light & Privacy Mode (`GetFillLightParam`, `SetPrivacyMode`, `GetPrivacyMode`, 4 bytes)
+    /// - `SetPrivacyMode(enable)`: `[2, enable_u8, 0, 0]`
+    /// - `GetPrivacyMode`: `status = buf[0]`, `enabled = buf[1] != 0`
+    pub const PRIVACY_AND_FILL_LIGHT: u8 = 0x08;
+
+    /// `0x09`: Host Digital PTZ Crop (`SetHostPTZ`, 8 bytes: `u16 x, u16 y, u16 w, u16 h`)
+    pub const HOST_PTZ: u8 = 0x09;
+
+    /// `0x0a`: Detected Trackable Objects List V2 (Link 2 / Link 2C: `GetNewTrackObjLists`)
+    pub const TRACK_OBJECT_LIST_V2: u8 = 0x0a;
+
+    /// `0x0b`: Tracking Forbidden Areas (`SetTrackForbiddenArea`, `GetTrackForbiddenArea`, `EnableTrackForbiddenArea`)
+    pub const TRACK_FORBIDDEN_AREA: u8 = 0x0b;
+
+    /// `0x0c`: Default Track Mode (`SetDefaultTrackMode` / `GetDefaultTrackMode`, 1 byte)
+    pub const DEFAULT_TRACK_MODE: u8 = 0x0c;
+
+    /// `0x0d`: Horizontal Correction (`EnableHorizontalCorrection` / `GetEnableHorizontalCorrection`, 1 byte)
+    pub const HORIZONTAL_CORRECTION: u8 = 0x0d;
+
+    /// `0x0e`: Real Zoom & UDisk Open Count (`GetRealZoomValue`, `GetUDiskOpenCount`, `SetUDiskOpenCount`)
+    pub const REAL_ZOOM_AND_UDISK: u8 = 0x0e;
+
+    /// `0x0f`: Diagnostic Report Data (`GetReportData`)
+    pub const REPORT_DATA: u8 = 0x0f;
+}
+
+/// Discovered Insta360 camera metadata (`UVCCameraInfo` at `0x100191844`).
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct DiscoveredCamera {
+    pub vendor_id: u16,
+    pub product_id: u16,
+    pub model: CameraModel,
+    pub name: String,
+    pub unique_id: String,
+    pub bus_number: u8,
+    pub device_address: u8,
+    pub unit_ids: UvcUnitIds,
+    pub capabilities: DeviceCapabilities,
+}
+
+/// Range and default metadata for a standard UVC control (`CameraControlInfo` at `0x100193694`).
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Default, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct ControlRange {
+    pub min: i64,
+    pub max: i64,
+    pub step: i64,
+    pub default: i64,
+    pub flags: i64,
+}
+
+/// Relative pan/tilt speed and direction (`CameraControlRelativeInfo` at `0x1001990f4`).
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Default, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct RelativeControl {
+    pub min_speed: u8,
+    pub max_speed: u8,
+    pub step_speed: u8,
+    pub default_speed: u8,
+    pub current_speed: u8,
+    /// Direction: `0` = stop, `1` = positive (right/up), `-1` (or `0xff`) = negative (left/down)
+    pub direction: i8,
+}
+
+/// Camera Video Mode (`VideoMode` in `CameraInsta` at `0x1000601d4`–`0x100060234`).
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Serialize, Deserialize, Default)]
+#[repr(u8)]
+pub enum VideoMode {
+    #[default]
+    Normal = 0,
+    AutoTracking = 1,
+    WhiteBoard = 4,
+    OverheadShot = 5,
+    DeskView = 6,
+    AutoFraming = 7,
+    SmartWhiteBoard = 8,
+}
+
+impl VideoMode {
+    pub fn from_u8(val: u8) -> Self {
+        match val {
+            0 => Self::Normal,
+            1 => Self::AutoTracking,
+            4 => Self::WhiteBoard,
+            5 => Self::OverheadShot,
+            6 => Self::DeskView,
+            7 => Self::AutoFraming,
+            8 | 10 => Self::SmartWhiteBoard,
+            _ => Self::Normal,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn name(&self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Self::Normal => "Normal",
+            Self::AutoTracking => "AI Tracking",
+            Self::WhiteBoard => "Whiteboard",
+            Self::OverheadShot => "Overhead",
+            Self::DeskView => "DeskView",
+            Self::AutoFraming => "Auto Framing",
+            Self::SmartWhiteBoard => "Smart Whiteboard",
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Auxiliary data sent/received with `VideoMode` (`VideoModeAuxiliaryData` at `0x100197088` & `0x1001978b8`).
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct VideoModeAuxData {
+    pub flags: u8,
+    /// Optional 4-corner or bounding rectangle coordinates (`x, y, width, height` or whiteboard corners)
+    pub rect: [i32; 4],
+    /// DeskView / Host pitch angle (`i16`, e.g., -900..0 or -61926 sentinel)
+    pub pitch: i16,
+    /// Zoom factor (`u16`, default `100`)
+    pub zoom: u16,
+    /// Extra mode-specific bytes (up to 36 bytes total wire payload)
+    pub extra: [u8; 14],
+}
+
+impl Default for VideoModeAuxData {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            flags: 0,
+            rect: [0, 0, 0, 0],
+            pitch: 0,
+            zoom: 100,
+            extra: [0u8; 14],
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// AI Tracking / Framing Composition Style (`CompositionStyle` at `0x100197900` & `PTZControl.qml` line 944).
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize, Default)]
+#[repr(u8)]
+pub enum CompositionStyle {
+    Custom = 0,
+    #[default]
+    Head = 1,
+    HalfBody = 2,
+    WholeBody = 3,
+}
+
+impl CompositionStyle {
+    pub fn from_u8(v: u8) -> Self {
+        match v {
+            1 => Self::Head,
+            2 => Self::HalfBody,
+            3 => Self::WholeBody,
+            _ => Self::Head,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Gimbal AI Tracking Speed (`TrackSpeed` at `0x1001979e4` & `PTZControl.qml` line 1051).
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize, Default)]
+#[repr(u8)]
+pub enum TrackSpeed {
+    Fast = 0,
+    #[default]
+    Normal = 1,
+    Slow = 2,
+}
+
+impl TrackSpeed {
+    pub fn from_u8(v: u8) -> Self {
+        match v {
+            0 => Self::Fast,
+            1 => Self::Normal,
+            _ => Self::Slow,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Extended Function bit indices in XU1 selector `0x0a` (`ExtendFuction` jump table at `0x102864a20`).
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[repr(u8)]
+pub enum ExtendFunction {
+    /// Bit 0: `ai_zoom_checked_`
+    AiZoom = 0,
+    /// Bit 1: Reserved
+    Reserved1 = 1,
+    /// Bit 2: `enable_hdr_`
+    Hdr = 2,
+    /// Bit 3: `mirror_checked_` (Horizontal Mirror)
+    HorizontalMirror = 3,
+    /// Bit 4: `enable_all_gestures_`
+    AllGestures = 4,
+    /// Bit 5: `enable_vertical_mode_` (9:16 Vertical Resolution)
+    VerticalMode = 5,
+    /// Bit 6: `enable_startup_params_` (Save Startup Parameters to Camera)
+    StartupParams = 6,
+    /// Bit 7: `enable_single_tap_tracking_`
+    SingleTapTracking = 7,
+    /// Bit 8: `enable_auto_tracking_`
+    AutoTracking = 8,
+    /// Bit 9: `smart_adjustment_checked_`
+    SmartAdjustment = 9,
+    /// Bit 10: `forced_vertical_` (Uncropped 9:16 Portrait)
+    ForcedVertical = 10,
+    /// Bit 11: `enable_privacy_mode_` (Ultimate Privacy / 10s Sleep)
+    UltimatePrivacyMode = 11,
+    /// Bit 12: `enable_vertically_mirror_` (Vertical Flip)
+    VerticalMirror = 12,
+    /// Bit 13: `enable_low_resolution_`
+    LowResolution = 13,
+    /// Bit 14: `enable_track_forbidden_area_`
+    TrackForbiddenArea = 14,
+}
+
+impl ExtendFunction {
+    pub const ALL: [ExtendFunction; 14] = [
+        Self::AiZoom,
+        Self::Hdr,
+        Self::HorizontalMirror,
+        Self::AllGestures,
+        Self::VerticalMode,
+        Self::StartupParams,
+        Self::SingleTapTracking,
+        Self::AutoTracking,
+        Self::SmartAdjustment,
+        Self::ForcedVertical,
+        Self::UltimatePrivacyMode,
+        Self::VerticalMirror,
+        Self::LowResolution,
+        Self::TrackForbiddenArea,
+    ];
+
+    pub fn from_u8(v: u8) -> Option<Self> {
+        match v {
+            0 => Some(Self::AiZoom),
+            1 => Some(Self::Reserved1),
+            2 => Some(Self::Hdr),
+            3 => Some(Self::HorizontalMirror),
+            4 => Some(Self::AllGestures),
+            5 => Some(Self::VerticalMode),
+            6 => Some(Self::StartupParams),
+            7 => Some(Self::SingleTapTracking),
+            8 => Some(Self::AutoTracking),
+            9 => Some(Self::SmartAdjustment),
+            10 => Some(Self::ForcedVertical),
+            11 => Some(Self::UltimatePrivacyMode),
+            12 => Some(Self::VerticalMirror),
+            13 => Some(Self::LowResolution),
+            14 => Some(Self::TrackForbiddenArea),
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Hand Gesture types (`EnableGestureWork` at `0x100197bc8` and `setUseGesture*` at `0x100067f58`–`0x100068888`).
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[repr(u8)]
+pub enum Gesture {
+    Ok = 0,
+    Palm = 1,
+    LShape = 2,
+    VShape = 3,
+    Rock = 4,
+}
+
+impl Gesture {
+    pub const ALL: [Gesture; 5] = [
+        Self::Ok,
+        Self::Palm,
+        Self::LShape,
+        Self::VShape,
+        Self::Rock,
+    ];
+}
+
+/// Gesture-bound action (`GestureFunction` in `GetGestureBindingMap` at `0x100198384`).
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize, Default)]
+#[repr(u8)]
+pub enum GestureFunction {
+    #[default]
+    None = 0,
+    AutoTracking = 1,
+    Zoom = 2,
+    WhiteBoard = 3,
+    AutoFraming = 4,
+}
+
+impl GestureFunction {
+    pub fn from_u8(v: u8) -> Self {
+        match v {
+            1 => Self::AutoTracking,
+            2 => Self::Zoom,
+            3 => Self::WhiteBoard,
+            4 => Self::AutoFraming,
+            _ => Self::None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Audio Capture / Microphone Mode (`AudioCaptureMode` at `0x10019bf54` & `0x1000702a8`).
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize, Default)]
+#[repr(u8)]
+pub enum AudioCaptureMode {
+    /// Voice Focus (Directional beamforming)
+    #[default]
+    VoiceFocus = 1,
+    /// Voice Suppression / Noise Canceling (Wide)
+    VoiceSuppression = 2,
+    /// Original / Music Balance
+    MusicBalance = 3,
+    /// Original Sound
+    Original = 4,
+    /// Sound Wall / Audio Fence (PUC3)
+    SoundWall = 5,
+}
+
+impl AudioCaptureMode {
+    pub fn from_u8(v: u8) -> Self {
+        match v {
+            1 => Self::VoiceFocus,
+            2 => Self::VoiceSuppression,
+            3 => Self::MusicBalance,
+            4 => Self::Original,
+            5 => Self::SoundWall,
+            _ => Self::VoiceFocus,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn name(&self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Self::VoiceFocus => "Voice Focus",
+            Self::VoiceSuppression => "Noise Suppression",
+            Self::MusicBalance => "Music Balance",
+            Self::Original => "Original Sound",
+            Self::SoundWall => "Sound Wall",
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Power Line Anti-Flicker Frequency (`PowerLineFrequency` at `0x100194ecc`).
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize, Default)]
+#[repr(u8)]
+pub enum PowerLineFrequency {
+    #[default]
+    Disabled = 0,
+    Hz50 = 1,
+    Hz60 = 2,
+    Auto = 3,
+}
+
+impl PowerLineFrequency {
+    pub fn from_u8(v: u8) -> Self {
+        match v {
+            1 => Self::Hz50,
+            2 => Self::Hz60,
+            3 => Self::Auto,
+            _ => Self::Disabled,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Hardware Filter Mode (`FilterMode` at `0x10019bdb0` & `0x100096f94`).
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize, Default)]
+#[repr(u8)]
+pub enum FilterMode {
+    #[default]
+    None = 0,
+    Style1 = 1,
+    Style2 = 2,
+    Fresh = 3,
+     Amber = 4,
+    Film1 = 5,
+    Film2 = 6,
+    Cool = 7,
+    Warm = 8,
+}
+
+impl FilterMode {
+    pub fn from_u8(v: u8) -> Self {
+        match v {
+            1 => Self::Style1,
+            2 => Self::Style2,
+            3 => Self::Fresh,
+            4 => Self::Amber,
+            5 => Self::Film1,
+            6 => Self::Film2,
+            7 => Self::Cool,
+            8 => Self::Warm,
+            _ => Self::None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Exposure Curve & Manual ISO/Exposure state (`ExpouseCurve` at `0x10019aaa0`–`0x10019b7d0`).
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct ExposureCurve {
+    /// `0` = Manual Exposure, `1` = Auto Exposure
+    pub mode: u8,
+    /// Manual ISO value (`u16`, e.g. 100..=3200)
+    pub iso: u16,
+    /// 128-point tone/exposure curve (`[u16; 128]`)
+    pub points: Vec<u16>,
+}
+
+impl Default for ExposureCurve {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            mode: 1,
+            iso: 100,
+            points: vec![0; 128],
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Extended White Balance Parameters (`WhiteBalanceParam` at `0x10019afe0`–`0x10019b264`).
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct WhiteBalanceParam {
+    pub mode: u8,
+    pub gains: Vec<u32>,
+}
+
+/// Camera Device Information (`DeviceInfo` at `0x100196e74`, 150 bytes across three 50-byte ASCII fields).
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Default, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct DeviceInfo {
+    pub device_name: String,
+    pub firmware_version: String,
+    pub serial_number: String,
+}
+
+/// PTZ Gimbal Firmware Version & Absolute Pan/Tilt Angles (`PTZVerInfo` at `0x1001993bc`, 30 bytes).
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Default, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct PtzVersionInfo {
+    pub version: String,
+    pub pan: i16,
+    pub tilt: i16,
+    pub zoom: u16,
+    pub status: u8,
+}
+
+bitflags! {
+    /// Device runtime status flags (`GetDeviceStatus` at `0x10019b8dc`, 4-byte `u32`).
+    #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Default, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+    pub struct DeviceStatus: u32 {
+        const TRACKING_ACTIVE   = 1 << 0;
+        const WHITEBOARD_ACTIVE = 1 << 1;
+        const GESTURE_DETECTED  = 1 << 2;
+        const PRIVACY_SLEEP     = 1 << 3;
+        const OVERHEAD_MODE     = 1 << 4;
+        const DESKVIEW_MODE     = 1 << 5;
+        const UPGRADING         = 1 << 6;
+    }
+}
+
+/// Bounding rectangle for tracked person/object (`UVCRect` at `0x100198a38`, 10 bytes).
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Default, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct UvcRect {
+    pub x: i16,
+    pub y: i16,
+    pub width: i16,
+    pub height: i16,
+    pub track_id: i16,
+}
+
+/// Digital Host PTZ crop box (`HostPTZInfo` at `0x10019bec0`, 8 bytes).
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct HostPtzInfo {
+    pub x: u16,
+    pub y: u16,
+    pub width: u16,
+    pub height: u16,
+}
+
+impl Default for HostPtzInfo {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            x: 0,
+            y: 0,
+            width: 5140,
+            height: 5140,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Tracking Forbidden Area entry (`ForbiddenAreaInfo_s` at `0x10019bff4`, 10 bytes per entry).
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Default, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct ForbiddenAreaInfo {
+    pub enabled: bool,
+    pub index: u8,
+    pub pan_min: i16,
+    pub pan_max: i16,
+    pub tilt_min: i16,
+    pub tilt_max: i16,
+}
+
+/// Preset slot flags (`PresetFlag` at `0x1001997c0`, 8 bytes).
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Default, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct PresetFlag {
+    pub slot_mask: u8,
+    pub current_slot: u8,
+    pub max_slots: u8,
+    pub raw: [u8; 8],
+}
+
+/// Image Template Info (`ImageTemplateInfo` at `0x10019ba4c`, 11 bytes).
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Default, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct ImageTemplateInfo {
+    pub current_id: i8,
+    pub operation: u8,
+    pub bitmask: u64,
+    pub max_templates: u8,
+}
+
+/// Image Template Operation (`ImageOperation` at `0x10019bb08`).
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[repr(u8)]
+pub enum ImageOperation {
+    None = 0,
+    SaveOrUpdate = 1,
+    Apply = 2,
+}
diff --git a/crates/insta360-link-protocol/tests/protocol_integration.rs b/crates/insta360-link-protocol/tests/protocol_integration.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e311ebe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/insta360-link-protocol/tests/protocol_integration.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,662 @@
+use insta360_link_protocol::*;
+
+/// Builds a synthetic USB Configuration Descriptor containing:
+/// - Standard Interface Descriptor for UVC VideoControl (`bInterfaceNumber = 2`, `CC_VIDEO = 0x0e`, `SC_VIDEOCONTROL = 0x01`)
+/// - `VC_INPUT_TERMINAL` (`bDescriptorSubtype = 0x02`, `bTerminalID = 3`, `wTerminalType = 0x0201` `ITT_CAMERA`)
+/// - `VC_PROCESSING_UNIT` (`bDescriptorSubtype = 0x05`, `bUnitID = 5`)
+/// - `VC_EXTENSION_UNIT` (`bDescriptorSubtype = 0x06`, `bUnitID = 11`) with `XU1_GUID_BYTES`
+/// - `VC_EXTENSION_UNIT` (`bDescriptorSubtype = 0x06`, `bUnitID = 12`) with `XU2_GUID_BYTES`
+/// - Standard Interface Descriptor for UVC VideoStreaming (`bInterfaceNumber = 3`, `CC_VIDEO = 0x0e`, `SC_VIDEOSTREAMING = 0x02`)
+///   followed by a dummy `CS_INTERFACE` descriptor that should be ignored by `parse_uvc_vc_descriptors`.
+#[test]
+fn test_parse_uvc_vc_descriptors_synthetic() {
+    let mut desc = Vec::new();
+
+    // 1. Standard Interface Descriptor (USB_DT_INTERFACE = 0x04): bInterfaceNumber = 2, CC_VIDEO (0x0e), SC_VIDEOCONTROL (0x01)
+    desc.extend_from_slice(&[
+        9,    // bLength
+        0x04, // bDescriptorType = USB_DT_INTERFACE
+        2,    // bInterfaceNumber = 2
+        0,    // bAlternateSetting
+        1,    // bNumEndpoints
+        0x0e, // bInterfaceClass = CC_VIDEO
+        0x01, // bInterfaceSubClass = SC_VIDEOCONTROL
+        0x00, // bInterfaceProtocol
+        0,    // iInterface
+    ]);
+
+    // 2. VC_INPUT_TERMINAL (CS_INTERFACE = 0x24, subtype = 0x02, bTerminalID = 3, wTerminalType = 0x0201 ITT_CAMERA)
+    desc.extend_from_slice(&[
+        18,   // bLength
+        0x24, // bDescriptorType = CS_INTERFACE
+        0x02, // bDescriptorSubtype = VC_INPUT_TERMINAL
+        3,    // bTerminalID = 3
+        0x01, 0x02, // wTerminalType = 0x0201 (ITT_CAMERA)
+        0,    // bAssocTerminal
+        0,    // iTerminal
+        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0xff, 0xff, 0x0f,
+    ]);
+
+    // 3. VC_PROCESSING_UNIT (CS_INTERFACE = 0x24, subtype = 0x05, bUnitID = 5)
+    desc.extend_from_slice(&[
+        13,   // bLength
+        0x24, // bDescriptorType = CS_INTERFACE
+        0x05, // bDescriptorSubtype = VC_PROCESSING_UNIT
+        5,    // bUnitID = 5
+        3,    // bSourceID = 3
+        0, 0, // wMaxMultiplier
+        3,    // bControlSize
+        0xff, 0xff, 0x00, // bmControls
+        0,    // iProcessing
+        0,    // bmVideoStandards
+    ]);
+
+    // 4. VC_EXTENSION_UNIT for XU1 (CS_INTERFACE = 0x24, subtype = 0x06, bUnitID = 11, guid = XU1_GUID_BYTES)
+    let mut xu1_desc = vec![
+        24,   // bLength
+        0x24, // bDescriptorType = CS_INTERFACE
+        0x06, // bDescriptorSubtype = VC_EXTENSION_UNIT
+        11,   // bUnitID = 11
+    ];
+    xu1_desc.extend_from_slice(&XU1_GUID_BYTES);
+    xu1_desc.extend_from_slice(&[15, 1, 5, 0]);
+    assert_eq!(xu1_desc.len(), 24);
+    desc.extend_from_slice(&xu1_desc);
+
+    // 5. VC_EXTENSION_UNIT for XU2 (CS_INTERFACE = 0x24, subtype = 0x06, bUnitID = 12, guid = XU2_GUID_BYTES)
+    let mut xu2_desc = vec![
+        24,   // bLength
+        0x24, // bDescriptorType = CS_INTERFACE
+        0x06, // bDescriptorSubtype = VC_EXTENSION_UNIT
+        12,   // bUnitID = 12
+    ];
+    xu2_desc.extend_from_slice(&XU2_GUID_BYTES);
+    xu2_desc.extend_from_slice(&[15, 1, 11, 0]);
+    assert_eq!(xu2_desc.len(), 24);
+    desc.extend_from_slice(&xu2_desc);
+
+    // 6. Standard Interface Descriptor for VideoStreaming (SC_VIDEOSTREAMING = 0x02)
+    // Descriptors inside VideoStreaming must NOT overwrite VC unit IDs.
+    desc.extend_from_slice(&[
+        9,    // bLength
+        0x04, // bDescriptorType = USB_DT_INTERFACE
+        3,    // bInterfaceNumber = 3
+        0,    // bAlternateSetting
+        0,    // bNumEndpoints
+        0x0e, // bInterfaceClass = CC_VIDEO
+        0x02, // bInterfaceSubClass = SC_VIDEOSTREAMING
+        0x00, // bInterfaceProtocol
+        0,    // iInterface
+    ]);
+    desc.extend_from_slice(&[
+        6,    // bLength
+        0x24, // CS_INTERFACE inside VideoStreaming (should be ignored)
+        0x05, // subtype 0x05
+        99,   // would be unit 99 if not ignored
+        0, 0,
+    ]);
+
+    let parsed = parse_uvc_vc_descriptors(&desc);
+    assert_eq!(parsed.control_interface, 2);
+    assert_eq!(parsed.input_terminal_id, 3);
+    assert_eq!(parsed.processing_unit_id, 5);
+    assert_eq!(parsed.extension_unit_id, 11);
+    assert_eq!(parsed.extension_unit2_id, 12);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_camera_models_pids_capabilities_and_video_mode_len() {
+    // Verify Vendor ID and device filter
+    assert_eq!(INSTA360_VENDOR_ID, 0x2e1a);
+    for &pid in &[
+        pids::LINK_1,
+        pids::PUC3_GIMBAL_A,
+        pids::LINK_2C,
+        pids::LINK_2,
+        pids::PUC3_HOST,
+        pids::PUC3_GIMBAL_B,
+        pids::LINK_SIMPLE_CLASS,
+    ] {
+        assert!(is_insta360_link_device(INSTA360_VENDOR_ID, pid));
+        assert!(!is_insta360_link_device(0x1234, pid));
+    }
+    assert!(!is_insta360_link_device(INSTA360_VENDOR_ID, 0x9999));
+
+    // Verify PID -> CameraModel mappings, internal codes, firmware filenames, and SetVideoMode payload lengths
+    let link1 = CameraModel::from_pid(pids::LINK_1);
+    assert_eq!(link1, CameraModel::Link);
+    assert_eq!(link1.pid(), 0x4c01);
+    assert_eq!(link1.internal_code(), "link1");
+    assert_eq!(link1.firmware_filename(), Some(r"a:\Insta360WebCamFW.bin"));
+    assert_eq!(link1.video_mode_payload_len(), 8);
+
+    let puc3_a = CameraModel::from_pid(pids::PUC3_GIMBAL_A);
+    assert_eq!(puc3_a, CameraModel::Puc3Gimbal(0x4c02));
+    assert_eq!(puc3_a.pid(), 0x4c02);
+    assert_eq!(puc3_a.internal_code(), "link2_gimbal");
+    assert_eq!(puc3_a.firmware_filename(), Some(r"a:\Insta360PUC3FW_GIMBAL.bin"));
+    assert_eq!(puc3_a.video_mode_payload_len(), 8);
+
+    let link2c = CameraModel::from_pid(pids::LINK_2C);
+    assert_eq!(link2c, CameraModel::Link2C);
+    assert_eq!(link2c.pid(), 0x4c03);
+    assert_eq!(link2c.internal_code(), "link2_main");
+    assert_eq!(link2c.firmware_filename(), Some(r"a:\Insta360LINK2CFW_HOST.bin"));
+    assert_eq!(link2c.video_mode_payload_len(), 36);
+
+    let link2 = CameraModel::from_pid(pids::LINK_2);
+    assert_eq!(link2, CameraModel::Link2);
+    assert_eq!(link2.pid(), 0x4c04);
+    assert_eq!(link2.internal_code(), "link2_gimbal");
+    assert_eq!(link2.firmware_filename(), Some(r"a:\Insta360LINK2FW_GIMBAL.bin"));
+    assert_eq!(link2.video_mode_payload_len(), 8);
+
+    let puc3_host = CameraModel::from_pid(pids::PUC3_HOST);
+    assert_eq!(puc3_host, CameraModel::Puc3Host);
+    assert_eq!(puc3_host.pid(), 0x4c05);
+    assert_eq!(puc3_host.internal_code(), "link2_main");
+    assert_eq!(puc3_host.firmware_filename(), Some(r"a:\Insta360PUC3FW_HOST.bin"));
+    assert_eq!(puc3_host.video_mode_payload_len(), 36);
+
+    let puc3_b = CameraModel::from_pid(pids::PUC3_GIMBAL_B);
+    assert_eq!(puc3_b, CameraModel::Puc3Gimbal(0x4c06));
+    assert_eq!(puc3_b.pid(), 0x4c06);
+    assert_eq!(puc3_b.internal_code(), "link2_gimbal");
+    assert_eq!(puc3_b.firmware_filename(), Some(r"a:\Insta360PUC3FW_GIMBAL.bin"));
+    assert_eq!(puc3_b.video_mode_payload_len(), 8);
+
+    let dfu = CameraModel::from_pid(pids::LINK_SIMPLE_CLASS);
+    assert_eq!(dfu, CameraModel::LinkSimpleClass);
+    assert_eq!(dfu.pid(), 0x00c2);
+    assert_eq!(dfu.internal_code(), "link1");
+    assert_eq!(dfu.firmware_filename(), Some(r"a:\Insta360WebCamFW.bin"));
+    assert_eq!(dfu.video_mode_payload_len(), 36);
+
+    // Capability matrix assertions (`Webcam::CameraDeviceSupporter::UpdateUIStatus` at `0x10004a8b8`)
+    let cap_link1 = DeviceCapabilities::for_pid(pids::LINK_1);
+    assert!(cap_link1.has_physical_gimbal);
+    assert!(cap_link1.support_roll_adjustment);
+    assert!(!cap_link1.support_auto_framing);
+    assert!(!cap_link1.support_privacy_mode);
+    assert!(!cap_link1.support_audio_capture_mode);
+    assert!(!cap_link1.support_horizontal_correction);
+    assert!(!cap_link1.support_sound_wall);
+
+    let cap_link2 = DeviceCapabilities::for_pid(pids::LINK_2);
+    assert!(cap_link2.has_physical_gimbal);
+    assert!(!cap_link2.support_roll_adjustment);
+    assert!(cap_link2.support_auto_framing);
+    assert!(cap_link2.support_privacy_mode);
+    assert!(cap_link2.support_area_track);
+    assert!(cap_link2.support_speak_tracking);
+    assert!(cap_link2.support_audio_capture_mode);
+    assert!(cap_link2.support_horizontal_correction);
+    assert!(!cap_link2.support_sound_wall);
+
+    let cap_link2c = DeviceCapabilities::for_pid(pids::LINK_2C);
+    assert!(!cap_link2c.has_physical_gimbal);
+    assert!(!cap_link2c.support_ptz_drag);
+    assert!(!cap_link2c.support_track_speed);
+    assert!(cap_link2c.support_auto_framing);
+    assert!(cap_link2c.support_image_template);
+    assert!(cap_link2c.support_privacy_mode);
+    assert!(cap_link2c.support_audio_capture_mode);
+    assert!(!cap_link2c.support_area_track);
+    assert!(!cap_link2c.support_horizontal_correction);
+
+    let cap_puc3_b = DeviceCapabilities::for_pid(pids::PUC3_GIMBAL_B);
+    assert!(cap_puc3_b.has_physical_gimbal);
+    assert!(cap_puc3_b.support_area_track);
+    assert!(cap_puc3_b.support_speak_tracking);
+    assert!(cap_puc3_b.support_sound_wall);
+    assert!(!cap_puc3_b.support_horizontal_correction);
+
+    let cap_puc3_host = DeviceCapabilities::for_pid(pids::PUC3_HOST);
+    assert!(!cap_puc3_host.has_physical_gimbal);
+    assert!(cap_puc3_host.support_sound_wall);
+    assert!(cap_puc3_host.support_auto_framing);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_controller_ptz_presets_and_gimbal_commands() {
+    let mock = MockCameraTransport::new(CameraModel::Link2);
+    let ctrl = Insta360CameraController::new(mock.clone());
+
+    // 1. Absolute Pan/Tilt & Zoom
+    ctrl.set_pantilt_absolute(36000, -18000).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(ctrl.get_pantilt_absolute().unwrap(), (36000, -18000));
+
+    ctrl.set_zoom(250).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(ctrl.get_zoom().unwrap(), 250);
+    let zoom_range = ctrl.get_zoom_range().unwrap();
+    assert_eq!((zoom_range.min, zoom_range.max, zoom_range.default), (100, 400, 100));
+
+    // 2. Relative Pan/Tilt (XU1 0x0b: [pan_speed, pan_dir, tilt_speed, tilt_dir])
+    ctrl.set_pantilt_relative_ext(5, -1, 3, 1).unwrap();
+    ctrl.stop_pantilt_relative().unwrap();
+
+    // 3. Presets (XU1 0x01: [sub_op, index, 0, 0])
+    ctrl.add_preset_position(4).unwrap();
+    let flags = ctrl.get_preset_flags().unwrap();
+    assert_ne!(flags.slot_mask & (1 << 4), 0);
+    assert_eq!(flags.current_slot, 4);
+
+    ctrl.recall_preset_position(1).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(ctrl.get_preset_flags().unwrap().current_slot, 1);
+
+    ctrl.delete_preset_position(4).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(ctrl.get_preset_flags().unwrap().slot_mask & (1 << 4), 0);
+
+    // 4. Composition bias & Reset Gimbal
+    ctrl.set_composition_bias(-120, 80).unwrap();
+    ctrl.reset_composition_bias().unwrap();
+    ctrl.reset_gimbal().unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(ctrl.get_pantilt_absolute().unwrap(), (0, 0));
+    assert_eq!(ctrl.get_zoom().unwrap(), 100);
+
+    // 5. Host Digital PTZ (XU2 0x09)
+    let host_crop = HostPtzInfo {
+        x: 500,
+        y: 600,
+        width: 2570,
+        height: 2570,
+    };
+    ctrl.set_host_ptz(&host_crop).unwrap();
+
+    // Inspect command log for exact unit IDs, selectors, and payload bytes
+    let log = mock.command_log();
+    assert_eq!(
+        log[0],
+        (
+            UvcRequest::SetCur,
+            DEFAULT_INPUT_TERMINAL_ID,
+            ct_selectors::PANTILT_ABSOLUTE,
+            [36000i32.to_le_bytes(), (-18000i32).to_le_bytes()].concat()
+        )
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        log[1],
+        (
+            UvcRequest::SetCur,
+            DEFAULT_INPUT_TERMINAL_ID,
+            ct_selectors::ZOOM_ABSOLUTE,
+            250u16.to_le_bytes().to_vec()
+        )
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        log[2],
+        (
+            UvcRequest::SetCur,
+            DEFAULT_EXTENSION_UNIT_ID,
+            xu1_selectors::PANTILT_RELATIVE_EXT,
+            vec![0xff, 5, 1, 3]
+        )
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        log[3],
+        (
+            UvcRequest::SetCur,
+            DEFAULT_EXTENSION_UNIT_ID,
+            xu1_selectors::PANTILT_RELATIVE_EXT,
+            vec![0, 1, 0, 1]
+        )
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        log[4],
+        (
+            UvcRequest::SetCur,
+            DEFAULT_EXTENSION_UNIT_ID,
+            xu1_selectors::SYSTEM_AND_PRESET_CMD,
+            vec![0x01, 4, 0x00, 0x00]
+        )
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        log[5],
+        (
+            UvcRequest::SetCur,
+            DEFAULT_EXTENSION_UNIT_ID,
+            xu1_selectors::SYSTEM_AND_PRESET_CMD,
+            vec![0x00, 1, 0x00, 0x00]
+        )
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        log[6],
+        (
+            UvcRequest::SetCur,
+            DEFAULT_EXTENSION_UNIT_ID,
+            xu1_selectors::SYSTEM_AND_PRESET_CMD,
+            vec![0x02, 4, 0x00, 0x00]
+        )
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        log[7],
+        (
+            UvcRequest::SetCur,
+            DEFAULT_EXTENSION_UNIT_ID,
+            xu1_selectors::SYSTEM_AND_PRESET_CMD,
+            vec![0x06, (-120i16).to_le_bytes()[0], (-120i16).to_le_bytes()[1], 80, 0]
+        )
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        log[8],
+        (
+            UvcRequest::SetCur,
+            DEFAULT_EXTENSION_UNIT_ID,
+            xu1_selectors::SYSTEM_AND_PRESET_CMD,
+            vec![0x06, 0xff, 0x7f, 0xff, 0x7f]
+        )
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        log[9],
+        (
+            UvcRequest::SetCur,
+            DEFAULT_EXTENSION_UNIT_ID,
+            xu1_selectors::SYSTEM_AND_PRESET_CMD,
+            vec![0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00]
+        )
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        log[10],
+        (
+            UvcRequest::SetCur,
+            DEFAULT_EXTENSION_UNIT2_ID,
+            xu2_selectors::HOST_PTZ,
+            [
+                500u16.to_le_bytes(),
+                600u16.to_le_bytes(),
+                2570u16.to_le_bytes(),
+                2570u16.to_le_bytes()
+            ]
+            .concat()
+        )
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_video_mode_8byte_vs_36byte_and_tracking_gestures() {
+    // 1. Link 2 uses 8-byte SetVideoMode payload
+    let mock_link2 = MockCameraTransport::new(CameraModel::Link2);
+    let ctrl_link2 = Insta360CameraController::new(mock_link2.clone());
+    let aux = VideoModeAuxData {
+        flags: 1,
+        rect: [10, 20, 300, 400],
+        pitch: -450,
+        zoom: 150,
+        extra: [0xaa; 14],
+    };
+    ctrl_link2.set_video_mode(VideoMode::DeskView, &aux).unwrap();
+    let log2 = mock_link2.command_log();
+    assert_eq!(log2.len(), 1);
+    assert_eq!(log2[0].1, DEFAULT_EXTENSION_UNIT_ID);
+    assert_eq!(log2[0].2, xu1_selectors::VIDEO_MODE);
+    assert_eq!(log2[0].3.len(), 8);
+    assert_eq!(log2[0].3[0], VideoMode::DeskView as u8);
+    assert_eq!(log2[0].3[1], 1);
+
+    // 2. Link 2C uses 36-byte SetVideoMode payload
+    let mock_link2c = MockCameraTransport::new(CameraModel::Link2C);
+    let ctrl_link2c = Insta360CameraController::new(mock_link2c.clone());
+    ctrl_link2c.set_video_mode(VideoMode::AutoFraming, &aux).unwrap();
+    let log2c = mock_link2c.command_log();
+    assert_eq!(log2c.len(), 1);
+    assert_eq!(log2c[0].1, DEFAULT_EXTENSION_UNIT_ID);
+    assert_eq!(log2c[0].2, xu1_selectors::VIDEO_MODE);
+    assert_eq!(log2c[0].3.len(), 36);
+    let (decoded_mode, decoded_aux) = ctrl_link2c.get_video_mode().unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(decoded_mode, VideoMode::AutoFraming);
+    assert_eq!(decoded_aux.rect, [10, 20, 300, 400]);
+    assert_eq!(decoded_aux.pitch, -450);
+    assert_eq!(decoded_aux.zoom, 150);
+
+    // 3. Tracking speed, composition style, and gestures on XU1 0x03
+    ctrl_link2.set_track_speed(TrackSpeed::Fast).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(ctrl_link2.get_track_speed().unwrap(), TrackSpeed::Fast);
+
+    ctrl_link2.set_composition_style(CompositionStyle::WholeBody).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(ctrl_link2.get_composition_style().unwrap(), CompositionStyle::WholeBody);
+
+    ctrl_link2.set_gesture_enabled(Gesture::VShape, false).unwrap();
+    let gestures = ctrl_link2.get_gesture_status().unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(gestures[3], (Gesture::VShape, false));
+    assert_eq!(gestures[0], (Gesture::Ok, true));
+
+    ctrl_link2.set_all_gestures_enabled(false).unwrap();
+
+    let log2_after = mock_link2.command_log();
+    // TrackSpeed::Fast -> [5, 2, 0..0] (16 bytes)
+    let mut expected_speed = vec![0u8; 16];
+    expected_speed[0] = 0x05;
+    expected_speed[1] = TrackSpeed::Fast as u8;
+    assert_eq!(
+        log2_after[1],
+        (
+            UvcRequest::SetCur,
+            DEFAULT_EXTENSION_UNIT_ID,
+            xu1_selectors::TRACKING_AND_GESTURE,
+            expected_speed
+        )
+    );
+
+    // CompositionStyle::WholeBody -> [6, 2, 0..0] (16 bytes)
+    let mut expected_style = vec![0u8; 16];
+    expected_style[0] = 0x06;
+    expected_style[1] = CompositionStyle::WholeBody as u8;
+    assert_eq!(
+        log2_after[2],
+        (
+            UvcRequest::SetCur,
+            DEFAULT_EXTENSION_UNIT_ID,
+            xu1_selectors::TRACKING_AND_GESTURE,
+            expected_style
+        )
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_image_controls_exposure_wb_audio_filters_templates_and_extend_functions() {
+    let mock = MockCameraTransport::new(CameraModel::Link2);
+    let ctrl = Insta360CameraController::new(mock.clone());
+
+    // 1. Standard Processing Unit (PU) controls
+    ctrl.set_brightness(72).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(ctrl.get_brightness().unwrap(), 72);
+
+    ctrl.set_contrast(64).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(ctrl.get_contrast().unwrap(), 64);
+
+    ctrl.set_saturation(80).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(ctrl.get_saturation().unwrap(), 80);
+
+    ctrl.set_sharpness(45).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(ctrl.get_sharpness().unwrap(), 45);
+
+    ctrl.set_auto_white_balance(false).unwrap();
+    assert!(!ctrl.get_auto_white_balance().unwrap());
+
+    ctrl.set_white_balance_temperature(6500).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(ctrl.get_white_balance_temperature().unwrap(), 6500);
+
+    ctrl.set_power_line_frequency(PowerLineFrequency::Hz50).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(ctrl.get_power_line_frequency().unwrap(), PowerLineFrequency::Hz50);
+
+    // 2. Standard Camera Terminal (CT) focus, roll, shutter
+    ctrl.set_auto_focus(false).unwrap();
+    assert!(!ctrl.get_auto_focus().unwrap());
+    ctrl.set_focus(85).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(ctrl.get_focus().unwrap(), 85);
+    ctrl.set_roll(-150).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(ctrl.get_roll().unwrap(), -150);
+    ctrl.set_shutter_speed(500).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(ctrl.get_shutter_speed().unwrap(), 500);
+
+    // 3. Exposure Curve / Auto Exposure / ISO (XU1 0x07, 259 bytes) & EV Compensation (XU1 0x08, 4 bytes)
+    ctrl.set_auto_exposure(false).unwrap();
+    assert!(!ctrl.get_auto_exposure().unwrap());
+    ctrl.set_iso(800).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(ctrl.get_iso().unwrap(), 800);
+    ctrl.set_exposure_compensation(-1.5).unwrap();
+    assert!((ctrl.get_exposure_compensation().unwrap() - (-1.5)).abs() < 1e-6);
+
+    // 4. Audio Control (XU1 0x04, 2 bytes)
+    ctrl.set_audio_noise_reduction(false).unwrap();
+    assert!(!ctrl.get_audio_noise_reduction().unwrap());
+    ctrl.set_audio_capture_mode(AudioCaptureMode::MusicBalance).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(ctrl.get_audio_capture_mode().unwrap(), AudioCaptureMode::MusicBalance);
+
+    // 5. Filter Mode (XU2 0x06, 1 byte)
+    ctrl.set_filter(FilterMode::Amber).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(ctrl.get_filter().unwrap(), FilterMode::Amber);
+
+    // 6. Privacy Mode (XU2 0x08, 4 bytes) & Horizontal Correction (XU2 0x0d, 1 byte)
+    ctrl.set_privacy_mode(true).unwrap();
+    let (_, priv_enabled) = ctrl.get_privacy_mode().unwrap();
+    assert!(priv_enabled);
+    assert!(ctrl.get_device_status().unwrap().contains(DeviceStatus::PRIVACY_SLEEP));
+
+    ctrl.set_horizontal_correction(false).unwrap();
+    assert!(!ctrl.get_horizontal_correction().unwrap());
+
+    // 7. Image Templates (XU2 0x04 & 0x05)
+    ctrl.set_image_template(3, ImageOperation::SaveOrUpdate).unwrap();
+    ctrl.set_image_template_name(3, "Podcast Look").unwrap();
+    let tmpl_info = ctrl.get_image_template_info().unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(tmpl_info.current_id, 3);
+    assert_ne!(tmpl_info.bitmask & (1 << 3), 0);
+    ctrl.delete_image_template(3).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(ctrl.get_image_template_info().unwrap().bitmask & (1 << 3), 0);
+
+    // 8. Extended Function Bitmask (XU1 0x0a, 8 bytes: [mask_u32_le, values_u32_le])
+    for &func in &ExtendFunction::ALL {
+        ctrl.set_extend_function(func, true).unwrap();
+        let statuses = ctrl.get_extend_function_status().unwrap();
+        let is_on = statuses.into_iter().find(|(f, _)| *f == func).unwrap().1;
+        assert!(is_on, "expected {:?} to be enabled", func);
+    }
+
+    // Verify specific wire payloads in command_log()
+    let log = mock.command_log();
+    // Find EV compensation command
+    let ev_cmd = log
+        .iter()
+        .find(|(_, u, s, _)| *u == DEFAULT_EXTENSION_UNIT_ID && *s == xu1_selectors::EXPOSURE_COMPENSATION)
+        .expect("EV compensation command logged");
+    assert_eq!(ev_cmd.3, (-1.5f32).to_le_bytes().to_vec());
+
+    // Find Privacy Mode command
+    let priv_cmd = log
+        .iter()
+        .find(|(_, u, s, _)| *u == DEFAULT_EXTENSION_UNIT2_ID && *s == xu2_selectors::PRIVACY_AND_FILL_LIGHT)
+        .expect("Privacy mode command logged");
+    assert_eq!(priv_cmd.3, vec![0x02, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00]);
+
+    // Find Filter Mode command
+    let filter_cmd = log
+        .iter()
+        .find(|(_, u, s, _)| *u == DEFAULT_EXTENSION_UNIT2_ID && *s == xu2_selectors::FILTER_MODE)
+        .expect("Filter mode command logged");
+    assert_eq!(filter_cmd.3, vec![FilterMode::Amber as u8]);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_system_info_tracking_rects_and_mode_switch_commands() {
+    let mock = MockCameraTransport::new(CameraModel::Link2);
+    let ctrl = Insta360CameraController::new(mock.clone());
+
+    // Device Info (XU2 0x03, 150 bytes)
+    let dev_info = ctrl.get_device_info().unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(dev_info.device_name, "Insta360 Link 2");
+    assert_eq!(dev_info.firmware_version, "v2.5.8.8_build1");
+    assert_eq!(dev_info.serial_number, "INSTA360SIM0001");
+
+    // PTZ Version & Angles (XU1 0x0d, 30 bytes)
+    ctrl.set_pantilt_absolute(3600, -7200).unwrap();
+    let ptz_info = ctrl.get_ptz_version_and_angles().unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(ptz_info.version, "v1.3.1.0_build0");
+    assert_eq!(ptz_info.pan, 10);
+    assert_eq!(ptz_info.tilt, -20);
+    assert_eq!(ptz_info.zoom, 100);
+
+    // Select Tracked Object (XU1 0x05, 10 bytes)
+    let target = UvcRect {
+        x: 100,
+        y: 200,
+        width: 300,
+        height: 400,
+        track_id: 7,
+    };
+    ctrl.select_track_object(&target).unwrap();
+
+    // Default Track Mode (XU2 0x0c, 1 byte)
+    ctrl.set_default_track_mode(1).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(ctrl.get_default_track_mode().unwrap(), 1);
+
+    // System Timestamp, IQ Switch, Factory Restore (XU2 0x02, 10 bytes)
+    ctrl.set_timestamp(0x0102_0304_0506_0708).unwrap();
+    ctrl.set_iq_switch(1, true, 0x01).unwrap();
+    ctrl.restore_factory_settings(true).unwrap();
+    ctrl.restore_factory_settings(false).unwrap();
+
+    // Factory Default (XU1 0x01 sub-opcode 4) & MSC Switch (XU1 0x0f sub-opcode 2)
+    ctrl.load_factory_default().unwrap();
+    ctrl.switch_msc_readonly_class().unwrap();
+
+    let log = mock.command_log();
+    assert!(log.iter().any(|(_, u, s, p)| {
+        *u == DEFAULT_EXTENSION_UNIT_ID
+            && *s == xu1_selectors::TRACK_OBJECT_SELECT
+            && p == &encode_track_rect(&target)
+    }));
+    assert!(log.iter().any(|(_, u, s, p)| {
+        *u == DEFAULT_EXTENSION_UNIT2_ID
+            && *s == xu2_selectors::SYSTEM_TIME_AND_IQ
+            && p[0] == 0x01
+            && &p[1..9] == &0x0102_0304_0506_0708u64.to_le_bytes()
+    }));
+    assert!(log.iter().any(|(_, u, s, p)| {
+        *u == DEFAULT_EXTENSION_UNIT2_ID
+            && *s == xu2_selectors::SYSTEM_TIME_AND_IQ
+            && p == &[0x02, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
+    }));
+    assert!(log.iter().any(|(_, u, s, p)| {
+        *u == DEFAULT_EXTENSION_UNIT_ID
+            && *s == xu1_selectors::USB_MODE_SWITCH
+            && p == &[0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00]
+    }));
+
+    // Gesture bindings (XU2 selector 0x01)
+    ctrl.set_gesture_binding_func(Gesture::Palm, GestureFunction::AutoFraming)
+        .unwrap();
+    let bindings = ctrl.get_gesture_binding_map().unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(bindings[1], (Gesture::Palm, GestureFunction::AutoFraming));
+
+    // Tracking Forbidden Areas (XU1 selector 0x01 opcodes 7/8 + XU2 selector 0x0b)
+    ctrl.enter_track_forbidden_area_setting().unwrap();
+    let areas = vec![
+        ForbiddenAreaInfo {
+            enabled: true,
+            index: 0,
+            pan_min: -300,
+            pan_max: -100,
+            tilt_min: -150,
+            tilt_max: 150,
+        },
+        ForbiddenAreaInfo {
+            enabled: false,
+            index: 1,
+            pan_min: 100,
+            pan_max: 300,
+            tilt_min: -100,
+            tilt_max: 100,
+        },
+    ];
+    ctrl.set_track_forbidden_areas(&areas).unwrap();
+    let read_areas = ctrl.get_track_forbidden_areas().unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(read_areas, areas);
+    ctrl.exit_track_forbidden_area_setting().unwrap();
+
+    // Real zoom & Fill light param
+    ctrl.set_zoom(250).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(ctrl.get_real_zoom_value().unwrap(), 250);
+    assert_eq!(ctrl.get_fill_light_param().unwrap(), (0, 0));
+}
+
diff --git a/crates/insta360-link-server/Cargo.toml b/crates/insta360-link-server/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8caa719
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/insta360-link-server/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+[package]
+name = "insta360-link-server"
+version.workspace = true
+edition.workspace = true
+license.workspace = true
+description = "Cross-platform HTTP REST & WebSocket remote control server for Insta360 Link cameras"
+
+[[bin]]
+name = "insta360-link-server"
+path = "src/main.rs"
+
+[dependencies]
+insta360-link-protocol = { path = "../insta360-link-protocol" }
+clap.workspace = true
+tokio.workspace = true
+axum.workspace = true
+tower-http.workspace = true
+serde.workspace = true
+serde_json.workspace = true
+tracing.workspace = true
+tracing-subscriber.workspace = true
diff --git a/crates/insta360-link-server/src/lib.rs b/crates/insta360-link-server/src/lib.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..70fe1ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/insta360-link-server/src/lib.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,1159 @@
+use axum::{
+    extract::{
+        ws::{Message, WebSocket, WebSocketUpgrade},
+        State,
+    },
+    response::{Html, Response},
+    routing::{get, post},
+    Json, Router,
+};
+use insta360_link_protocol::{
+    list_connected_cameras, AudioCaptureMode, CameraModel, CompositionStyle, DeviceCapabilities,
+    DeviceInfo, DiscoveredCamera, ExtendFunction, FilterMode, ForbiddenAreaInfo, Gesture,
+    GestureFunction, HostPtzInfo, Insta360CameraController, MockCameraTransport, NusbTransport,
+    PowerLineFrequency, PresetFlag, PtzVersionInfo, TrackSpeed, TransportError, UvcControlTransport,
+    UvcRequest, VideoMode, VideoModeAuxData,
+};
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
+use tower_http::cors::CorsLayer;
+
+/// Unified server transport allowing runtime switching between physical USB cameras
+/// (`NusbTransport`) and simulated in-memory camera devices (`MockCameraTransport`).
+pub enum ServerTransport {
+    Usb(NusbTransport),
+    Mock(MockCameraTransport),
+}
+
+impl ServerTransport {
+    pub fn is_mock(&self) -> bool {
+        matches!(self, Self::Mock(_))
+    }
+}
+
+impl UvcControlTransport for ServerTransport {
+    fn camera_info(&self) -> &DiscoveredCamera {
+        match self {
+            Self::Usb(usb) => usb.camera_info(),
+            Self::Mock(mock) => mock.camera_info(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn set_cur(&self, unit_id: u8, selector: u8, data: &[u8]) -> Result<(), TransportError> {
+        match self {
+            Self::Usb(usb) => usb.set_cur(unit_id, selector, data),
+            Self::Mock(mock) => mock.set_cur(unit_id, selector, data),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn get_req(
+        &self,
+        req: UvcRequest,
+        unit_id: u8,
+        selector: u8,
+        len: usize,
+    ) -> Result<Vec<u8>, TransportError> {
+        match self {
+            Self::Usb(usb) => usb.get_req(req, unit_id, selector, len),
+            Self::Mock(mock) => mock.get_req(req, unit_id, selector, len),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn get_len(&self, unit_id: u8, selector: u8) -> Result<u16, TransportError> {
+        match self {
+            Self::Usb(usb) => usb.get_len(unit_id, selector),
+            Self::Mock(mock) => mock.get_len(unit_id, selector),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Shared application state wrapping the thread-safe camera controller.
+pub type AppState = Arc<Mutex<Insta360CameraController<ServerTransport>>>;
+
+/// Creates a new `AppState` instance initialized with an in-memory simulated camera model.
+pub fn new_mock_state(model: CameraModel) -> AppState {
+    let mock = MockCameraTransport::new(model);
+    let ctrl = Insta360CameraController::new(ServerTransport::Mock(mock));
+    Arc::new(Mutex::new(ctrl))
+}
+
+/// Creates a new `AppState` instance initialized with a physical USB camera transport.
+pub fn new_usb_state(transport: NusbTransport) -> AppState {
+    let ctrl = Insta360CameraController::new(ServerTransport::Usb(transport));
+    Arc::new(Mutex::new(ctrl))
+}
+
+/// Full camera hardware and software state snapshot.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct CameraStateSnapshot {
+    pub model: CameraModel,
+    pub capabilities: DeviceCapabilities,
+    pub device_info: DeviceInfo,
+    pub ptz_info: PtzVersionInfo,
+    pub device_status: u32,
+    pub pan_arcsec: i32,
+    pub tilt_arcsec: i32,
+    pub zoom: u16,
+    pub real_zoom: u16,
+    pub roll: i16,
+    pub focus: u16,
+    pub auto_focus: bool,
+    pub brightness: i16,
+    pub contrast: u16,
+    pub saturation: u16,
+    pub sharpness: u16,
+    pub wb_kelvin: u16,
+    pub wb_auto: bool,
+    pub power_line_frequency: PowerLineFrequency,
+    pub shutter_speed: u32,
+    pub auto_exposure: bool,
+    pub iso: u16,
+    pub ev_compensation: f32,
+    pub video_mode: VideoMode,
+    pub video_aux: VideoModeAuxData,
+    pub composition_style: CompositionStyle,
+    pub track_speed: TrackSpeed,
+    pub gestures: Vec<(Gesture, bool)>,
+    pub gesture_bindings: Vec<(Gesture, GestureFunction)>,
+    pub forbidden_areas: Vec<ForbiddenAreaInfo>,
+    pub extend_functions: Vec<(ExtendFunction, bool)>,
+    pub audio_mode: AudioCaptureMode,
+    pub audio_denoise: bool,
+    pub filter_mode: FilterMode,
+    pub privacy_mode: bool,
+    pub horizontal_correction: bool,
+    pub preset_flags: PresetFlag,
+}
+
+/// Helper function to capture a complete snapshot from any camera controller.
+pub fn capture_snapshot<T: UvcControlTransport>(
+    ctrl: &Insta360CameraController<T>,
+) -> CameraStateSnapshot {
+    let model = ctrl.model();
+    let capabilities = ctrl.capabilities();
+    let device_info = ctrl.get_device_info().unwrap_or_default();
+    let ptz_info = ctrl.get_ptz_version_and_angles().unwrap_or_default();
+    let device_status = ctrl.get_device_status().map(|s| s.bits()).unwrap_or(0);
+    let (pan_arcsec, tilt_arcsec) = ctrl.get_pantilt_absolute().unwrap_or((0, 0));
+    let zoom = ctrl.get_zoom().unwrap_or(100);
+    let real_zoom = ctrl.get_real_zoom_value().unwrap_or(zoom);
+    let roll = ctrl.get_roll().unwrap_or(0);
+    let focus = ctrl.get_focus().unwrap_or(0);
+    let auto_focus = ctrl.get_auto_focus().unwrap_or(true);
+    let brightness = ctrl.get_brightness().unwrap_or(50);
+    let contrast = ctrl.get_contrast().unwrap_or(50);
+    let saturation = ctrl.get_saturation().unwrap_or(50);
+    let sharpness = ctrl.get_sharpness().unwrap_or(50);
+    let wb_kelvin = ctrl.get_white_balance_temperature().unwrap_or(5000);
+    let wb_auto = ctrl.get_auto_white_balance().unwrap_or(true);
+    let power_line_frequency = ctrl.get_power_line_frequency().unwrap_or_default();
+    let shutter_speed = ctrl.get_shutter_speed().unwrap_or(0);
+    let auto_exposure = ctrl.get_auto_exposure().unwrap_or(true);
+    let iso = ctrl.get_iso().unwrap_or(100);
+    let ev_compensation = ctrl.get_exposure_compensation().unwrap_or(0.0);
+    let (video_mode, video_aux) = ctrl
+        .get_video_mode()
+        .unwrap_or((VideoMode::Normal, VideoModeAuxData::default()));
+    let composition_style = ctrl.get_composition_style().unwrap_or_default();
+    let track_speed = ctrl.get_track_speed().unwrap_or_default();
+    let gestures = ctrl
+        .get_gesture_status()
+        .map(|arr| arr.to_vec())
+        .unwrap_or_else(|_| Gesture::ALL.iter().map(|&g| (g, false)).collect());
+    let gesture_bindings = ctrl
+        .get_gesture_binding_map()
+        .map(|arr| arr.to_vec())
+        .unwrap_or_else(|_| {
+            Gesture::ALL
+                .iter()
+                .map(|&g| (g, GestureFunction::None))
+                .collect()
+        });
+    let forbidden_areas = ctrl.get_track_forbidden_areas().unwrap_or_default();
+    let extend_functions = ctrl
+        .get_extend_function_status()
+        .unwrap_or_else(|_| ExtendFunction::ALL.iter().map(|&f| (f, false)).collect());
+    let audio_mode = ctrl.get_audio_capture_mode().unwrap_or_default();
+    let audio_denoise = ctrl.get_audio_noise_reduction().unwrap_or(false);
+    let filter_mode = ctrl.get_filter().unwrap_or_default();
+    let privacy_mode = ctrl.get_privacy_mode().map(|(_, en)| en).unwrap_or(false);
+    let horizontal_correction = ctrl.get_horizontal_correction().unwrap_or(false);
+    let preset_flags = ctrl.get_preset_flags().unwrap_or_default();
+
+    CameraStateSnapshot {
+        model,
+        capabilities,
+        device_info,
+        ptz_info,
+        device_status,
+        pan_arcsec,
+        tilt_arcsec,
+        zoom,
+        real_zoom,
+        roll,
+        focus,
+        auto_focus,
+        brightness,
+        contrast,
+        saturation,
+        sharpness,
+        wb_kelvin,
+        wb_auto,
+        power_line_frequency,
+        shutter_speed,
+        auto_exposure,
+        iso,
+        ev_compensation,
+        video_mode,
+        video_aux,
+        composition_style,
+        track_speed,
+        gestures,
+        gesture_bindings,
+        forbidden_areas,
+        extend_functions,
+        audio_mode,
+        audio_denoise,
+        filter_mode,
+        privacy_mode,
+        horizontal_correction,
+        preset_flags,
+    }
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Request Payloads
+// ============================================================================
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(default)]
+pub struct PtzRequest {
+    pub pan_arcsec: Option<i32>,
+    pub tilt_arcsec: Option<i32>,
+    pub pan_speed: Option<u8>,
+    pub pan_dir: Option<i8>,
+    pub tilt_speed: Option<u8>,
+    pub tilt_dir: Option<i8>,
+    pub stop: bool,
+    pub zoom: Option<u16>,
+    pub roll: Option<i16>,
+    pub focus: Option<u16>,
+    pub auto_focus: Option<bool>,
+    pub bias_x: Option<i16>,
+    pub bias_y: Option<i16>,
+    pub reset_bias: bool,
+    pub host_ptz: Option<HostPtzInfo>,
+    pub reset_gimbal: bool,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(default)]
+pub struct ModeRequest {
+    pub mode: VideoMode,
+    pub pitch: Option<i16>,
+    pub zoom: Option<u16>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(default)]
+pub struct PresetRequest {
+    pub action: String,
+    pub index: u8,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(default)]
+pub struct ImageRequest {
+    pub brightness: Option<i16>,
+    pub contrast: Option<u16>,
+    pub saturation: Option<u16>,
+    pub sharpness: Option<u16>,
+    pub wb_auto: Option<bool>,
+    pub wb_kelvin: Option<u16>,
+    pub auto_exposure: Option<bool>,
+    pub iso: Option<u16>,
+    pub shutter_speed: Option<u32>,
+    pub ev_compensation: Option<f32>,
+    pub hdr: Option<bool>,
+    pub filter_mode: Option<FilterMode>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(default)]
+pub struct TrackingRequest {
+    pub track_speed: Option<TrackSpeed>,
+    pub composition_style: Option<CompositionStyle>,
+    pub all_gestures: Option<bool>,
+    pub gesture: Option<(Gesture, bool)>,
+    pub gesture_binding: Option<(Gesture, GestureFunction)>,
+    pub forbidden_areas: Option<Vec<ForbiddenAreaInfo>>,
+    pub forbidden_area_enabled: Option<bool>,
+    pub force_smart_whiteboard: Option<u8>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(default)]
+pub struct AudioRequest {
+    pub audio_mode: Option<AudioCaptureMode>,
+    pub audio_denoise: Option<bool>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(default)]
+pub struct SystemRequest {
+    pub privacy_mode: Option<bool>,
+    pub horizontal_correction: Option<bool>,
+    pub power_line_frequency: Option<PowerLineFrequency>,
+    pub extend_function: Option<(ExtendFunction, bool)>,
+    pub iq_switch: Option<(u8, bool, u32)>,
+    pub factory_reset: Option<bool>,
+}
+
+/// Messages received from WebSocket clients.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(tag = "type", rename_all = "snake_case")]
+pub enum WsClientMessage {
+    GetState,
+    Ptz(PtzRequest),
+    Mode(ModeRequest),
+    Preset(PresetRequest),
+    Image(ImageRequest),
+    Tracking(TrackingRequest),
+    Audio(AudioRequest),
+    System(SystemRequest),
+}
+
+/// Response payload for `GET /api/cameras`.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct CamerasResponse {
+    pub active: DiscoveredCamera,
+    pub connected: Vec<DiscoveredCamera>,
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Command Application Helpers
+// ============================================================================
+
+pub fn apply_ptz<T: UvcControlTransport>(
+    ctrl: &Insta360CameraController<T>,
+    req: &PtzRequest,
+) {
+    if req.reset_gimbal {
+        let _ = ctrl.reset_gimbal();
+    }
+    if req.stop {
+        let _ = ctrl.stop_pantilt_relative();
+    }
+    if req.pan_speed.is_some()
+        || req.pan_dir.is_some()
+        || req.tilt_speed.is_some()
+        || req.tilt_dir.is_some()
+    {
+        let _ = ctrl.set_pantilt_relative_ext(
+            req.pan_speed.unwrap_or(0),
+            req.pan_dir.unwrap_or(0),
+            req.tilt_speed.unwrap_or(0),
+            req.tilt_dir.unwrap_or(0),
+        );
+    }
+    if req.pan_arcsec.is_some() || req.tilt_arcsec.is_some() {
+        let (cur_p, cur_t) = ctrl.get_pantilt_absolute().unwrap_or((0, 0));
+        let p = req.pan_arcsec.unwrap_or(cur_p);
+        let t = req.tilt_arcsec.unwrap_or(cur_t);
+        let _ = ctrl.set_pantilt_absolute(p, t);
+    }
+    if let Some(zoom) = req.zoom {
+        let _ = ctrl.set_zoom(zoom);
+    }
+    if let Some(roll) = req.roll {
+        let _ = ctrl.set_roll(roll);
+    }
+    if let Some(focus) = req.focus {
+        let _ = ctrl.set_focus(focus);
+    }
+    if let Some(af) = req.auto_focus {
+        let _ = ctrl.set_auto_focus(af);
+    }
+    if req.reset_bias {
+        let _ = ctrl.reset_composition_bias();
+    } else if let (Some(x), Some(y)) = (req.bias_x, req.bias_y) {
+        let _ = ctrl.set_composition_bias(x, y);
+    }
+    if let Some(hp) = req.host_ptz {
+        let _ = ctrl.set_host_ptz(&hp);
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn apply_mode<T: UvcControlTransport>(
+    ctrl: &Insta360CameraController<T>,
+    req: &ModeRequest,
+) {
+    let (_, mut aux) = ctrl.get_video_mode().unwrap_or_default();
+    if let Some(p) = req.pitch {
+        aux.pitch = p;
+    }
+    if let Some(z) = req.zoom {
+        aux.zoom = z;
+    }
+    let _ = ctrl.set_video_mode(req.mode, &aux);
+}
+
+pub fn apply_preset<T: UvcControlTransport>(
+    ctrl: &Insta360CameraController<T>,
+    req: &PresetRequest,
+) {
+    match req.action.to_ascii_lowercase().as_str() {
+        "save" | "add" => {
+            let _ = ctrl.add_preset_position(req.index);
+        }
+        "recall" | "set" => {
+            let _ = ctrl.recall_preset_position(req.index);
+        }
+        "delete" | "del" => {
+            let _ = ctrl.delete_preset_position(req.index);
+        }
+        _ => {}
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn apply_image<T: UvcControlTransport>(
+    ctrl: &Insta360CameraController<T>,
+    req: &ImageRequest,
+) {
+    if let Some(b) = req.brightness {
+        let _ = ctrl.set_brightness(b);
+    }
+    if let Some(c) = req.contrast {
+        let _ = ctrl.set_contrast(c);
+    }
+    if let Some(s) = req.saturation {
+        let _ = ctrl.set_saturation(s);
+    }
+    if let Some(s) = req.sharpness {
+        let _ = ctrl.set_sharpness(s);
+    }
+    if let Some(wb_auto) = req.wb_auto {
+        let _ = ctrl.set_auto_white_balance(wb_auto);
+    }
+    if let Some(wb_k) = req.wb_kelvin {
+        let _ = ctrl.set_white_balance_temperature(wb_k);
+    }
+    if let Some(ae) = req.auto_exposure {
+        let _ = ctrl.set_auto_exposure(ae);
+    }
+    if let Some(iso) = req.iso {
+        let _ = ctrl.set_iso(iso);
+    }
+    if let Some(shutter) = req.shutter_speed {
+        let _ = ctrl.set_shutter_speed(shutter);
+    }
+    if let Some(ev) = req.ev_compensation {
+        let _ = ctrl.set_exposure_compensation(ev);
+    }
+    if let Some(hdr) = req.hdr {
+        let _ = ctrl.set_hdr(hdr);
+    }
+    if let Some(fm) = req.filter_mode {
+        let _ = ctrl.set_filter(fm);
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn apply_tracking<T: UvcControlTransport>(
+    ctrl: &Insta360CameraController<T>,
+    req: &TrackingRequest,
+) {
+    if let Some(speed) = req.track_speed {
+        let _ = ctrl.set_track_speed(speed);
+    }
+    if let Some(style) = req.composition_style {
+        let _ = ctrl.set_composition_style(style);
+    }
+    if let Some(all) = req.all_gestures {
+        let _ = ctrl.set_all_gestures_enabled(all);
+    }
+    if let Some((g, en)) = req.gesture {
+        let _ = ctrl.set_gesture_enabled(g, en);
+    }
+    if let Some((g, func)) = req.gesture_binding {
+        let _ = ctrl.set_gesture_binding_func(g, func);
+    }
+    if let Some(areas) = &req.forbidden_areas {
+        let _ = ctrl.set_track_forbidden_areas(areas);
+    }
+    if let Some(en) = req.forbidden_area_enabled {
+        let _ = ctrl.set_track_forbidden_area_enabled(en);
+    }
+    if let Some(sw) = req.force_smart_whiteboard {
+        let _ = ctrl.force_smart_whiteboard(sw);
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn apply_audio<T: UvcControlTransport>(
+    ctrl: &Insta360CameraController<T>,
+    req: &AudioRequest,
+) {
+    if let Some(mode) = req.audio_mode {
+        let _ = ctrl.set_audio_capture_mode(mode);
+    }
+    if let Some(denoise) = req.audio_denoise {
+        let _ = ctrl.set_audio_noise_reduction(denoise);
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn apply_system<T: UvcControlTransport>(
+    ctrl: &Insta360CameraController<T>,
+    req: &SystemRequest,
+) {
+    if let Some(pm) = req.privacy_mode {
+        let _ = ctrl.set_privacy_mode(pm);
+    }
+    if let Some(hc) = req.horizontal_correction {
+        let _ = ctrl.set_horizontal_correction(hc);
+    }
+    if let Some(plf) = req.power_line_frequency {
+        let _ = ctrl.set_power_line_frequency(plf);
+    }
+    if let Some((func, en)) = req.extend_function {
+        let _ = ctrl.set_extend_function(func, en);
+    }
+    if let Some((bit, en, mask)) = req.iq_switch {
+        let _ = ctrl.set_iq_switch(bit, en, mask);
+    }
+    if let Some(reset) = req.factory_reset {
+        if reset {
+            let _ = ctrl.load_factory_default();
+            let _ = ctrl.restore_factory_settings(false);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Axum HTTP & WebSocket Handlers
+// ============================================================================
+
+async fn index_handler() -> Html<&'static str> {
+    Html(INDEX_HTML)
+}
+
+async fn get_cameras_handler(State(state): State<AppState>) -> Json<CamerasResponse> {
+    let active = {
+        let ctrl = state.lock().unwrap_or_else(|p| p.into_inner());
+        ctrl.camera_info().clone()
+    };
+    let connected = match list_connected_cameras() {
+        Ok(cams) if !cams.is_empty() => cams,
+        _ => vec![active.clone()],
+    };
+    Json(CamerasResponse { active, connected })
+}
+
+async fn get_state_handler(State(state): State<AppState>) -> Json<CameraStateSnapshot> {
+    let ctrl = state.lock().unwrap_or_else(|p| p.into_inner());
+    Json(capture_snapshot(&ctrl))
+}
+
+async fn ptz_handler(
+    State(state): State<AppState>,
+    Json(req): Json<PtzRequest>,
+) -> Json<CameraStateSnapshot> {
+    let ctrl = state.lock().unwrap_or_else(|p| p.into_inner());
+    apply_ptz(&ctrl, &req);
+    Json(capture_snapshot(&ctrl))
+}
+
+async fn mode_handler(
+    State(state): State<AppState>,
+    Json(req): Json<ModeRequest>,
+) -> Json<CameraStateSnapshot> {
+    let ctrl = state.lock().unwrap_or_else(|p| p.into_inner());
+    apply_mode(&ctrl, &req);
+    Json(capture_snapshot(&ctrl))
+}
+
+async fn preset_handler(
+    State(state): State<AppState>,
+    Json(req): Json<PresetRequest>,
+) -> Json<CameraStateSnapshot> {
+    let ctrl = state.lock().unwrap_or_else(|p| p.into_inner());
+    apply_preset(&ctrl, &req);
+    Json(capture_snapshot(&ctrl))
+}
+
+async fn image_handler(
+    State(state): State<AppState>,
+    Json(req): Json<ImageRequest>,
+) -> Json<CameraStateSnapshot> {
+    let ctrl = state.lock().unwrap_or_else(|p| p.into_inner());
+    apply_image(&ctrl, &req);
+    Json(capture_snapshot(&ctrl))
+}
+
+async fn tracking_handler(
+    State(state): State<AppState>,
+    Json(req): Json<TrackingRequest>,
+) -> Json<CameraStateSnapshot> {
+    let ctrl = state.lock().unwrap_or_else(|p| p.into_inner());
+    apply_tracking(&ctrl, &req);
+    Json(capture_snapshot(&ctrl))
+}
+
+async fn audio_handler(
+    State(state): State<AppState>,
+    Json(req): Json<AudioRequest>,
+) -> Json<CameraStateSnapshot> {
+    let ctrl = state.lock().unwrap_or_else(|p| p.into_inner());
+    apply_audio(&ctrl, &req);
+    Json(capture_snapshot(&ctrl))
+}
+
+async fn system_handler(
+    State(state): State<AppState>,
+    Json(req): Json<SystemRequest>,
+) -> Json<CameraStateSnapshot> {
+    let ctrl = state.lock().unwrap_or_else(|p| p.into_inner());
+    apply_system(&ctrl, &req);
+    Json(capture_snapshot(&ctrl))
+}
+
+async fn ws_handler(
+    ws: WebSocketUpgrade,
+    State(state): State<AppState>,
+) -> Response {
+    ws.on_upgrade(move |socket| handle_ws_socket(socket, state))
+}
+
+async fn handle_ws_socket(mut socket: WebSocket, state: AppState) {
+    // 1. Send initial state snapshot upon connection
+    let initial_snapshot = {
+        let ctrl = state.lock().unwrap_or_else(|p| p.into_inner());
+        capture_snapshot(&ctrl)
+    };
+    if let Ok(json_str) = serde_json::to_string(&initial_snapshot) {
+        if socket.send(Message::Text(json_str.into())).await.is_err() {
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // 2. Process incoming client commands and reply with updated state snapshot
+    while let Some(msg_res) = socket.recv().await {
+        let msg = match msg_res {
+            Ok(m) => m,
+            Err(_) => break,
+        };
+
+        let text = match msg {
+            Message::Text(t) => t,
+            Message::Binary(b) => match String::from_utf8(b.to_vec()) {
+                Ok(s) => s.into(),
+                Err(_) => continue,
+            },
+            Message::Close(_) => break,
+            Message::Ping(p) => {
+                let _ = socket.send(Message::Pong(p)).await;
+                continue;
+            }
+            _ => continue,
+        };
+
+        let cmd: WsClientMessage = match serde_json::from_str(&text) {
+            Ok(c) => c,
+            Err(e) => {
+                tracing::warn!("Failed to deserialize WsClientMessage: {}", e);
+                continue;
+            }
+        };
+
+        let updated_snapshot = {
+            let ctrl = state.lock().unwrap_or_else(|p| p.into_inner());
+            match cmd {
+                WsClientMessage::GetState => {}
+                WsClientMessage::Ptz(req) => apply_ptz(&ctrl, &req),
+                WsClientMessage::Mode(req) => apply_mode(&ctrl, &req),
+                WsClientMessage::Preset(req) => apply_preset(&ctrl, &req),
+                WsClientMessage::Image(req) => apply_image(&ctrl, &req),
+                WsClientMessage::Tracking(req) => apply_tracking(&ctrl, &req),
+                WsClientMessage::Audio(req) => apply_audio(&ctrl, &req),
+                WsClientMessage::System(req) => apply_system(&ctrl, &req),
+            }
+            capture_snapshot(&ctrl)
+        };
+
+        if let Ok(json_str) = serde_json::to_string(&updated_snapshot) {
+            if socket.send(Message::Text(json_str.into())).await.is_err() {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Builds the complete Axum router configured with state, CORS, REST, WebSocket, and Web UI.
+pub fn build_router(state: AppState) -> axum::Router {
+    let cors = CorsLayer::permissive();
+
+    Router::new()
+        .route("/", get(index_handler))
+        .route("/api/cameras", get(get_cameras_handler))
+        .route("/api/state", get(get_state_handler))
+        .route("/api/ptz", post(ptz_handler))
+        .route("/api/mode", post(mode_handler))
+        .route("/api/preset", post(preset_handler))
+        .route("/api/image", post(image_handler))
+        .route("/api/tracking", post(tracking_handler))
+        .route("/api/audio", post(audio_handler))
+        .route("/api/system", post(system_handler))
+        .route("/ws", get(ws_handler))
+        .layer(cors)
+        .with_state(state)
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Embedded Dark-Mode Web Remote UI
+// ============================================================================
+
+const INDEX_HTML: &str = r#"<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+  <meta charset="UTF-8">
+  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
+  <title>Insta360 Link Controller</title>
+  <style>
+    :root {
+      --bg: #0d1117;
+      --card: #161b22;
+      --card-border: #30363d;
+      --accent: #00c2ff;
+      --accent-hover: #33d0ff;
+      --text: #c9d1d9;
+      --text-bright: #f0f6fc;
+      --muted: #8b949e;
+      --success: #238636;
+      --danger: #da3633;
+      --radius: 8px;
+    }
+    * { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, sans-serif; }
+    body { background: var(--bg); color: var(--text); padding: 1.5rem; min-height: 100vh; }
+    header { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding-bottom: 1.5rem; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--card-border); margin-bottom: 1.5rem; }
+    .title-box h1 { font-size: 1.4rem; color: var(--text-bright); display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 0.5rem; }
+    .badge { font-size: 0.75rem; padding: 0.2rem 0.5rem; border-radius: 999px; background: rgba(0,194,255,0.15); color: var(--accent); border: 1px solid var(--accent); }
+    .status-pill { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 0.4rem; font-size: 0.8rem; padding: 0.3rem 0.7rem; border-radius: 999px; background: #21262d; border: 1px solid var(--card-border); }
+    .dot { width: 8px; height: 8px; border-radius: 50%; background: #da3633; transition: background 0.3s; }
+    .dot.online { background: #2ea043; box-shadow: 0 0 8px #2ea043; }
+    .grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(320px, 1fr)); gap: 1.5rem; }
+    .card { background: var(--card); border: 1px solid var(--card-border); border-radius: var(--radius); padding: 1.25rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 1rem; }
+    .card h2 { font-size: 1.05rem; color: var(--text-bright); border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.08); padding-bottom: 0.5rem; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; }
+    .form-group { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 0.35rem; }
+    .form-group label { font-size: 0.8rem; color: var(--muted); display: flex; justify-content: space-between; }
+    .form-group label span.val { color: var(--accent); font-weight: 600; }
+    input[type=range] { accent-color: var(--accent); width: 100%; cursor: pointer; }
+    select, input[type=number] { background: #21262d; border: 1px solid var(--card-border); color: var(--text-bright); padding: 0.45rem; border-radius: 6px; font-size: 0.85rem; width: 100%; }
+    .btn-row { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 0.5rem; }
+    button { background: #21262d; border: 1px solid var(--card-border); color: var(--text-bright); padding: 0.5rem 0.85rem; border-radius: 6px; font-size: 0.85rem; cursor: pointer; transition: all 0.15s; font-weight: 500; }
+    button:hover { background: #30363d; border-color: #8b949e; }
+    button.active, button.primary { background: var(--accent); color: #000; border-color: var(--accent); font-weight: 600; }
+    button.primary:hover { background: var(--accent-hover); }
+    button.danger { background: rgba(218,54,51,0.2); border-color: var(--danger); color: #ff7b72; }
+    button.danger:hover { background: var(--danger); color: #fff; }
+    .dpad-container { display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; gap: 0.4rem; margin: 0.5rem 0; }
+    .dpad-row { display: flex; gap: 0.4rem; }
+    .dpad-btn { width: 44px; height: 44px; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; font-size: 1.1rem; padding: 0; }
+    .toggle-row { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding: 0.3rem 0; }
+    .toggle-row span { font-size: 0.85rem; }
+    .switch { position: relative; display: inline-block; width: 38px; height: 22px; }
+    .switch input { opacity: 0; width: 0; height: 0; }
+    .slider { position: absolute; cursor: pointer; top: 0; left: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0; background: #30363d; transition: .2s; border-radius: 22px; }
+    .slider:before { position: absolute; content: ""; height: 16px; width: 16px; left: 3px; bottom: 3px; background: white; transition: .2s; border-radius: 50%; }
+    input:checked + .slider { background: var(--accent); }
+    input:checked + .slider:before { transform: translateX(16px); background: #000; }
+    .presets-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); gap: 0.5rem; }
+    .preset-box { border: 1px solid var(--card-border); background: #21262d; border-radius: 6px; padding: 0.5rem; text-align: center; }
+    .preset-box span { font-size: 0.75rem; color: var(--muted); display: block; margin-bottom: 0.3rem; }
+    .preset-box .preset-btns { display: flex; gap: 0.25rem; justify-content: center; }
+    .preset-box button { font-size: 0.7rem; padding: 0.2rem 0.4rem; }
+  </style>
+</head>
+<body>
+  <header>
+    <div class="title-box">
+      <h1>Insta360 Link Remote <span class="badge" id="cam-model">Loading...</span></h1>
+      <div style="font-size: 0.8rem; color: var(--muted); margin-top: 0.25rem;" id="cam-details">Connecting to hardware...</div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="status-pill">
+      <span class="dot" id="ws-dot"></span>
+      <span id="ws-status">Connecting WS</span>
+    </div>
+  </header>
+
+  <div class="grid">
+    <!-- PTZ Controls -->
+    <div class="card">
+      <h2>Gimbal & PTZ <span>🎮</span></h2>
+      <div class="dpad-container">
+        <button class="dpad-btn" onmousedown="startMove(0,1)" onmouseup="stopMove()" title="Tilt Up">▲</button>
+        <div class="dpad-row">
+          <button class="dpad-btn" onmousedown="startMove(-1,0)" onmouseup="stopMove()" title="Pan Left">◀</button>
+          <button class="dpad-btn" onclick="sendPtz({reset_gimbal: true})" title="Home Gimbal">⌂</button>
+          <button class="dpad-btn" onmousedown="startMove(1,0)" onmouseup="stopMove()" title="Pan Right">▶</button>
+        </div>
+        <button class="dpad-btn" onmousedown="startMove(0,-1)" onmouseup="stopMove()" title="Tilt Down">▼</button>
+      </div>
+
+      <div class="form-group">
+        <label>Zoom <span class="val" id="val-zoom">100%</span></label>
+        <input type="range" id="zoom" min="100" max="400" value="100" oninput="updateLabel('val-zoom', this.value+'%')" onchange="sendPtz({zoom: parseInt(this.value)})">
+      </div>
+
+      <div class="form-group">
+        <label>Roll Angle <span class="val" id="val-roll">0°</span></label>
+        <input type="range" id="roll" min="-1800" max="1800" value="0" oninput="updateLabel('val-roll', (this.value/10)+'°')" onchange="sendPtz({roll: parseInt(this.value)})">
+      </div>
+
+      <div class="toggle-row">
+        <span>Auto Focus</span>
+        <label class="switch">
+          <input type="checkbox" id="af-toggle" onchange="sendPtz({auto_focus: this.checked})">
+          <span class="slider"></span>
+        </label>
+      </div>
+
+      <div class="form-group">
+        <label>Manual Focus <span class="val" id="val-focus">50</span></label>
+        <input type="range" id="focus" min="0" max="100" value="50" oninput="updateLabel('val-focus', this.value)" onchange="sendPtz({focus: parseInt(this.value), auto_focus: false})">
+      </div>
+    </div>
+
+    <!-- Video Modes & Presets -->
+    <div class="card">
+      <h2>Video Mode & Presets <span>📐</span></h2>
+      <div class="form-group">
+        <label>Active Video Mode</label>
+        <div class="btn-row" id="mode-buttons">
+          <button onclick="sendMode('Normal')">Normal</button>
+          <button onclick="sendMode('AutoTracking')">AI Tracking</button>
+          <button onclick="sendMode('WhiteBoard')">Whiteboard</button>
+          <button onclick="sendMode('OverheadShot')">Overhead</button>
+          <button onclick="sendMode('DeskView')">DeskView</button>
+          <button onclick="sendMode('AutoFraming')">Auto Framing</button>
+          <button onclick="sendMode('SmartWhiteBoard')">Smart Whiteboard</button>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+
+      <div class="form-group" style="margin-top: 0.5rem;">
+        <label>Preset Positions</label>
+        <div class="presets-grid">
+          <div class="preset-box" id="pbox-0"><span>Slot 0</span><div class="preset-btns"><button onclick="sendPreset('recall', 0)">Recall</button><button onclick="sendPreset('save', 0)">Save</button></div></div>
+          <div class="preset-box" id="pbox-1"><span>Slot 1</span><div class="preset-btns"><button onclick="sendPreset('recall', 1)">Recall</button><button onclick="sendPreset('save', 1)">Save</button></div></div>
+          <div class="preset-box" id="pbox-2"><span>Slot 2</span><div class="preset-btns"><button onclick="sendPreset('recall', 2)">Recall</button><button onclick="sendPreset('save', 2)">Save</button></div></div>
+          <div class="preset-box" id="pbox-3"><span>Slot 3</span><div class="preset-btns"><button onclick="sendPreset('recall', 3)">Recall</button><button onclick="sendPreset('save', 3)">Save</button></div></div>
+          <div class="preset-box" id="pbox-4"><span>Slot 4</span><div class="preset-btns"><button onclick="sendPreset('recall', 4)">Recall</button><button onclick="sendPreset('save', 4)">Save</button></div></div>
+          <div class="preset-box" id="pbox-5"><span>Slot 5</span><div class="preset-btns"><button onclick="sendPreset('recall', 5)">Recall</button><button onclick="sendPreset('save', 5)">Save</button></div></div>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+
+    <!-- AI Tracking & Gestures -->
+    <div class="card">
+      <h2>AI Tracking & Gestures <span>🖐️</span></h2>
+      <div class="form-group">
+        <label>Tracking Speed</label>
+        <div class="btn-row">
+          <button id="spd-Slow" onclick="sendTracking({track_speed: 'Slow'})">Slow</button>
+          <button id="spd-Normal" onclick="sendTracking({track_speed: 'Normal'})">Normal</button>
+          <button id="spd-Fast" onclick="sendTracking({track_speed: 'Fast'})">Fast</button>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+
+      <div class="form-group">
+        <label>Framing Composition</label>
+        <div class="btn-row">
+          <button id="comp-Head" onclick="sendTracking({composition_style: 'Head'})">Head</button>
+          <button id="comp-HalfBody" onclick="sendTracking({composition_style: 'HalfBody'})">Half Body</button>
+          <button id="comp-WholeBody" onclick="sendTracking({composition_style: 'WholeBody'})">Whole Body</button>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+
+      <div class="toggle-row">
+        <span>Master Gesture Recognition</span>
+        <label class="switch">
+          <input type="checkbox" id="all-gestures" onchange="sendTracking({all_gestures: this.checked})">
+          <span class="slider"></span>
+        </label>
+      </div>
+
+      <div class="form-group">
+        <label>Enabled Gestures</label>
+        <div class="btn-row">
+          <button id="g-Ok" onclick="toggleGesture('Ok')">👌 OK</button>
+          <button id="g-Palm" onclick="toggleGesture('Palm')">✋ Palm</button>
+          <button id="g-LShape" onclick="toggleGesture('LShape')">👆 L-Shape</button>
+          <button id="g-VShape" onclick="toggleGesture('VShape')">✌️ V-Shape</button>
+          <button id="g-Rock" onclick="toggleGesture('Rock')">🤘 Rock</button>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+
+    <!-- Image & Exposure -->
+    <div class="card">
+      <h2>Image & Color <span>🎨</span></h2>
+      <div class="toggle-row">
+        <span>Auto Exposure</span>
+        <label class="switch">
+          <input type="checkbox" id="ae-toggle" onchange="sendImage({auto_exposure: this.checked})">
+          <span class="slider"></span>
+        </label>
+      </div>
+
+      <div class="form-group">
+        <label>ISO Sensitivity <span class="val" id="val-iso">100</span></label>
+        <input type="range" id="iso" min="100" max="3200" step="50" value="100" oninput="updateLabel('val-iso', this.value)" onchange="sendImage({iso: parseInt(this.value), auto_exposure: false})">
+      </div>
+
+      <div class="form-group">
+        <label>EV Compensation <span class="val" id="val-ev">0.0</span></label>
+        <input type="range" id="ev" min="-30" max="30" value="0" oninput="updateLabel('val-ev', (this.value/10).toFixed(1))" onchange="sendImage({ev_compensation: parseFloat(this.value)/10})">
+      </div>
+
+      <div class="toggle-row">
+        <span>Auto White Balance</span>
+        <label class="switch">
+          <input type="checkbox" id="awb-toggle" onchange="sendImage({wb_auto: this.checked})">
+          <span class="slider"></span>
+        </label>
+      </div>
+
+      <div class="form-group">
+        <label>Color Temp <span class="val" id="val-wb">5000K</span></label>
+        <input type="range" id="wb" min="2000" max="10000" step="100" value="5000" oninput="updateLabel('val-wb', this.value+'K')" onchange="sendImage({wb_kelvin: parseInt(this.value), wb_auto: false})">
+      </div>
+
+      <div class="form-group">
+        <label>Brightness <span class="val" id="val-bright">50</span></label>
+        <input type="range" id="bright" min="0" max="100" value="50" oninput="updateLabel('val-bright', this.value)" onchange="sendImage({brightness: parseInt(this.value)})">
+      </div>
+
+      <div class="form-group">
+        <label>Contrast <span class="val" id="val-contrast">50</span></label>
+        <input type="range" id="contrast" min="0" max="100" value="50" oninput="updateLabel('val-contrast', this.value)" onchange="sendImage({contrast: parseInt(this.value)})">
+      </div>
+
+      <div class="form-group">
+        <label>Hardware Color Filter</label>
+        <select id="filter-mode" onchange="sendImage({filter_mode: this.value})">
+          <option value="None">None (Natural)</option>
+          <option value="Style1">Style 1</option>
+          <option value="Style2">Style 2</option>
+          <option value="Fresh">Fresh</option>
+          <option value="Amber">Amber</option>
+          <option value="Film1">Film 1</option>
+          <option value="Film2">Film 2</option>
+          <option value="Cool">Cool</option>
+          <option value="Warm">Warm</option>
+        </select>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+
+    <!-- Audio & System -->
+    <div class="card">
+      <h2>Audio & System <span>⚙️</span></h2>
+      <div class="form-group">
+        <label>Microphone Capture Mode</label>
+        <select id="audio-mode" onchange="sendAudio({audio_mode: this.value})">
+          <option value="VoiceFocus">Voice Focus (Directional)</option>
+          <option value="VoiceSuppression">Noise Suppression (Wide)</option>
+          <option value="MusicBalance">Music Balance</option>
+          <option value="Original">Original Sound</option>
+          <option value="SoundWall">Sound Wall (Audio Fence)</option>
+        </select>
+      </div>
+
+      <div class="toggle-row">
+        <span>AI Microphone Denoise</span>
+        <label class="switch">
+          <input type="checkbox" id="denoise-toggle" onchange="sendAudio({audio_denoise: this.checked})">
+          <span class="slider"></span>
+        </label>
+      </div>
+
+      <div class="form-group">
+        <label>Anti-Flicker Power Line Frequency</label>
+        <select id="power-line" onchange="sendSystem({power_line_frequency: this.value})">
+          <option value="Disabled">Disabled</option>
+          <option value="Hz50">50 Hz</option>
+          <option value="Hz60">60 Hz</option>
+          <option value="Auto">Auto</option>
+        </select>
+      </div>
+
+      <div class="toggle-row">
+        <span>Privacy Sleep Mode</span>
+        <label class="switch">
+          <input type="checkbox" id="privacy-toggle" onchange="sendSystem({privacy_mode: this.checked})">
+          <span class="slider"></span>
+        </label>
+      </div>
+
+      <div class="toggle-row">
+        <span>Horizontal Level Correction</span>
+        <label class="switch">
+          <input type="checkbox" id="horiz-toggle" onchange="sendSystem({horizontal_correction: this.checked})">
+          <span class="slider"></span>
+        </label>
+      </div>
+
+      <div style="margin-top: 1rem;">
+        <button class="danger" style="width: 100%;" onclick="if(confirm('Restore camera factory defaults?')) sendSystem({factory_reset: true})">Factory Reset Defaults</button>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <script>
+    let ws = null;
+    let stateCache = null;
+
+    function connectWs() {
+      const proto = location.protocol === 'https:' ? 'wss:' : 'ws:';
+      const wsUrl = `${proto}//${location.host}/ws`;
+      ws = new WebSocket(wsUrl);
+
+      ws.onopen = () => {
+        document.getElementById('ws-dot').className = 'dot online';
+        document.getElementById('ws-status').textContent = 'Live (WS)';
+      };
+
+      ws.onclose = () => {
+        document.getElementById('ws-dot').className = 'dot';
+        document.getElementById('ws-status').textContent = 'Reconnecting...';
+        setTimeout(connectWs, 2000);
+      };
+
+      ws.onmessage = (evt) => {
+        try {
+          const snapshot = JSON.parse(evt.data);
+          renderSnapshot(snapshot);
+        } catch (e) {
+          console.error('Failed to parse snapshot:', e);
+        }
+      };
+    }
+
+    function sendCommand(type, payload) {
+      const msg = { type, ...payload };
+      if (ws && ws.readyState === WebSocket.OPEN) {
+        ws.send(JSON.stringify(msg));
+      } else {
+        fetch(`/api/${type}`, {
+          method: 'POST',
+          headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
+          body: JSON.stringify(payload)
+        })
+        .then(res => res.json())
+        .then(snapshot => renderSnapshot(snapshot))
+        .catch(err => console.error(err));
+      }
+    }
+
+    function sendPtz(payload) { sendCommand('ptz', payload); }
+    function sendMode(mode) { sendCommand('mode', { mode }); }
+    function sendPreset(action, index) { sendCommand('preset', { action, index }); }
+    function sendImage(payload) { sendCommand('image', payload); }
+    function sendTracking(payload) { sendCommand('tracking', payload); }
+    function sendAudio(payload) { sendCommand('audio', payload); }
+    function sendSystem(payload) { sendCommand('system', payload); }
+
+    function updateLabel(id, text) {
+      document.getElementById(id).textContent = text;
+    }
+
+    let moveInterval = null;
+    function startMove(dirX, dirY) {
+      stopMove();
+      sendPtz({ pan_speed: dirX !== 0 ? 12 : 0, pan_dir: dirX, tilt_speed: dirY !== 0 ? 12 : 0, tilt_dir: dirY });
+    }
+    function stopMove() {
+      sendPtz({ stop: true });
+    }
+
+    function toggleGesture(name) {
+      if (!stateCache) return;
+      const gEntry = stateCache.gestures.find(pair => pair[0] === name);
+      const cur = gEntry ? gEntry[1] : false;
+      sendTracking({ gesture: [name, !cur] });
+    }
+
+    function renderSnapshot(s) {
+      stateCache = s;
+      document.getElementById('cam-model').textContent = s.model;
+      document.getElementById('cam-details').textContent = `${s.device_info.device_name || 'Insta360 Camera'} • FW: ${s.device_info.firmware_version || 'N/A'} • SN: ${s.device_info.serial_number || 'N/A'}`;
+
+      // Sliders & Toggles
+      document.getElementById('zoom').value = s.zoom;
+      updateLabel('val-zoom', s.zoom + '%');
+
+      document.getElementById('roll').value = s.roll;
+      updateLabel('val-roll', (s.roll / 10).toFixed(1) + '°');
+
+      document.getElementById('af-toggle').checked = s.auto_focus;
+      document.getElementById('focus').value = s.focus;
+      updateLabel('val-focus', s.focus);
+
+      document.getElementById('ae-toggle').checked = s.auto_exposure;
+      document.getElementById('iso').value = s.iso;
+      updateLabel('val-iso', s.iso);
+
+      document.getElementById('ev').value = Math.round(s.ev_compensation * 10);
+      updateLabel('val-ev', s.ev_compensation.toFixed(1));
+
+      document.getElementById('awb-toggle').checked = s.wb_auto;
+      document.getElementById('wb').value = s.wb_kelvin;
+      updateLabel('val-wb', s.wb_kelvin + 'K');
+
+      document.getElementById('bright').value = s.brightness;
+      updateLabel('val-bright', s.brightness);
+
+      document.getElementById('contrast').value = s.contrast;
+      updateLabel('val-contrast', s.contrast);
+
+      document.getElementById('filter-mode').value = s.filter_mode;
+      document.getElementById('audio-mode').value = s.audio_mode;
+      document.getElementById('denoise-toggle').checked = s.audio_denoise;
+      document.getElementById('power-line').value = s.power_line_frequency;
+      document.getElementById('privacy-toggle').checked = s.privacy_mode;
+      document.getElementById('horiz-toggle').checked = s.horizontal_correction;
+
+      // Mode buttons
+      const modeContainer = document.getElementById('mode-buttons');
+      Array.from(modeContainer.children).forEach(btn => {
+        btn.className = (btn.textContent.trim().replace(/\s/g,'') === s.video_mode) ? 'active' : '';
+      });
+
+      // Tracking speed
+      ['Slow', 'Normal', 'Fast'].forEach(spd => {
+        const el = document.getElementById('spd-' + spd);
+        if (el) el.className = (s.track_speed === spd) ? 'active' : '';
+      });
+
+      // Composition
+      ['Head', 'HalfBody', 'WholeBody'].forEach(c => {
+        const el = document.getElementById('comp-' + c);
+        if (el) el.className = (s.composition_style === c) ? 'active' : '';
+      });
+
+      // Gestures
+      const allG = s.extend_functions.find(f => f[0] === 'AllGestures');
+      document.getElementById('all-gestures').checked = allG ? allG[1] : true;
+
+      s.gestures.forEach(([name, en]) => {
+        const btn = document.getElementById('g-' + name);
+        if (btn) btn.className = en ? 'active' : '';
+      });
+    }
+
+    // Initialize
+    connectWs();
+    fetch('/api/state')
+      .then(r => r.json())
+      .then(renderSnapshot)
+      .catch(console.error);
+  </script>
+</body>
+</html>
+"#;
diff --git a/crates/insta360-link-server/src/main.rs b/crates/insta360-link-server/src/main.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c59883e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/insta360-link-server/src/main.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+use clap::{Parser, ValueEnum};
+use insta360_link_protocol::{
+    CameraModel, Insta360CameraController, NusbTransport, UvcControlTransport,
+};
+use insta360_link_server::{build_router, new_mock_state, AppState, ServerTransport};
+use std::net::SocketAddr;
+use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
+
+#[derive(Parser, Debug)]
+#[command(
+    name = "insta360-link-server",
+    version,
+    about = "Cross-platform HTTP REST & WebSocket remote control server for Insta360 Link cameras"
+)]
+struct Cli {
+    /// Bind address for HTTP and WebSocket server
+    #[arg(long, default_value = "127.0.0.1:9360", value_name = "ADDR")]
+    bind: SocketAddr,
+
+    /// Run against an in-memory simulated camera model instead of physical USB
+    #[arg(long, value_enum, value_name = "MODEL")]
+    mock: Option<MockModelArg>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, ValueEnum)]
+pub enum MockModelArg {
+    #[value(name = "link", alias = "link1")]
+    Link,
+    #[value(name = "link2")]
+    Link2,
+    #[value(name = "link2c")]
+    Link2c,
+}
+
+impl From<MockModelArg> for CameraModel {
+    fn from(val: MockModelArg) -> Self {
+        match val {
+            MockModelArg::Link => CameraModel::Link,
+            MockModelArg::Link2 => CameraModel::Link2,
+            MockModelArg::Link2c => CameraModel::Link2C,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[tokio::main]
+async fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    tracing_subscriber::fmt()
+        .with_env_filter(
+            tracing_subscriber::EnvFilter::try_from_default_env()
+                .unwrap_or_else(|_| "insta360_link_server=info,tower_http=info".into()),
+        )
+        .init();
+
+    let cli = Cli::parse();
+
+    let state: AppState = match cli.mock {
+        Some(mock_arg) => {
+            let model: CameraModel = mock_arg.into();
+            tracing::info!(
+                "Initializing in-memory simulated camera: {} (PID: 0x{:04x})",
+                model.display_name(),
+                model.pid()
+            );
+            new_mock_state(model)
+        }
+        None => {
+            tracing::info!("Discovering and connecting to physical Insta360 Link camera via USB...");
+            match NusbTransport::open_first() {
+                Ok(usb) => {
+                    let info = usb.camera_info().clone();
+                    tracing::info!(
+                        "Connected to physical camera: {} (Bus {} Addr {} • PID 0x{:04x})",
+                        info.name,
+                        info.bus_number,
+                        info.device_address,
+                        info.product_id
+                    );
+                    let ctrl = Insta360CameraController::new(ServerTransport::Usb(usb));
+                    Arc::new(Mutex::new(ctrl))
+                }
+                Err(e) => {
+                    tracing::warn!(
+                        "Could not open physical Insta360 Link camera: {}. Falling back to simulated Link 2 camera. Pass '--mock <link|link2|link2c>' to select a specific model.",
+                        e
+                    );
+                    new_mock_state(CameraModel::Link2)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    let router = build_router(state);
+
+    let listener = tokio::net::TcpListener::bind(cli.bind).await?;
+    tracing::info!("Insta360 Link Server listening on http://{}", cli.bind);
+    tracing::info!("Web Remote UI:     http://{}", cli.bind);
+    tracing::info!("WebSocket stream:  ws://{}/ws", cli.bind);
+    tracing::info!("REST State API:    http://{}/api/state", cli.bind);
+
+    axum::serve(listener, router).await?;
+
+    Ok(())
+}
diff --git a/crates/insta360-link-server/tests/server_integration.rs b/crates/insta360-link-server/tests/server_integration.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ff4a0da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/insta360-link-server/tests/server_integration.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,575 @@
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::net::SocketAddr;
+
+use insta360_link_protocol::{
+    AudioCaptureMode, CameraModel, CompositionStyle, ExtendFunction, FilterMode, Gesture,
+    GestureFunction, TrackSpeed, VideoMode,
+};
+use insta360_link_server::{
+    build_router, new_mock_state, AudioRequest, CameraStateSnapshot, ImageRequest, ModeRequest,
+    PresetRequest, PtzRequest, SystemRequest, TrackingRequest,
+};
+use tokio::io::{AsyncReadExt, AsyncWriteExt};
+use tokio::net::{TcpListener, TcpStream};
+
+/// Binds an ephemeral TCP listener on 127.0.0.1:0, attaches the axum router
+/// powered by `new_mock_state(model)`, spawns the server onto the tokio runtime,
+/// and returns the bound socket address.
+async fn start_test_server(model: CameraModel) -> SocketAddr {
+    let state = new_mock_state(model);
+    let app = build_router(state);
+    let listener = TcpListener::bind("127.0.0.1:0")
+        .await
+        .expect("Failed to bind ephemeral TCP listener");
+    let addr = listener
+        .local_addr()
+        .expect("Failed to retrieve local socket address");
+
+    tokio::spawn(async move {
+        let _ = axum::serve(listener, app).await;
+    });
+
+    addr
+}
+
+/// Sends an HTTP/1.1 request directly over a raw TCP connection (`TcpStream`),
+/// eliminating external HTTP client crate requirements.
+///
+/// Handles chunked reading, `Content-Length` framing, and connection termination.
+/// Returns `(status_code, headers, body)`.
+async fn send_http_request(
+    addr: SocketAddr,
+    method: &str,
+    path: &str,
+    body: Option<&str>,
+) -> (u16, HashMap<String, String>, String) {
+    let mut stream = TcpStream::connect(addr)
+        .await
+        .expect("Failed to connect TCP stream to test server");
+
+    let mut req = format!("{method} {path} HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: {addr}\r\nConnection: close\r\n");
+    if let Some(b) = body {
+        req.push_str("Content-Type: application/json\r\n");
+        req.push_str(&format!("Content-Length: {}\r\n", b.len()));
+    }
+    req.push_str("\r\n");
+    if let Some(b) = body {
+        req.push_str(b);
+    }
+
+    stream
+        .write_all(req.as_bytes())
+        .await
+        .expect("Failed to write HTTP request to TCP stream");
+    stream.flush().await.expect("Failed to flush TCP stream");
+
+    let mut response_buf = Vec::new();
+    let mut chunk = [0u8; 4096];
+    loop {
+        let n = stream
+            .read(&mut chunk)
+            .await
+            .expect("Failed to read HTTP response chunk from TCP stream");
+        if n == 0 {
+            break;
+        }
+        response_buf.extend_from_slice(&chunk[..n]);
+
+        if let Some(pos) = response_buf.windows(4).position(|w| w == b"\r\n\r\n") {
+            let header_str = String::from_utf8_lossy(&response_buf[..pos]);
+            let mut content_len = None;
+            for line in header_str.split("\r\n") {
+                if let Some((k, v)) = line.split_once(':') {
+                    if k.trim().eq_ignore_ascii_case("content-length") {
+                        if let Ok(cl) = v.trim().parse::<usize>() {
+                            content_len = Some(cl);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            if let Some(cl) = content_len {
+                if response_buf.len() >= pos + 4 + cl {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    let header_end = response_buf
+        .windows(4)
+        .position(|w| w == b"\r\n\r\n")
+        .expect("Malformed HTTP response: missing header delimiter CRLF CRLF");
+    let header_bytes = &response_buf[..header_end];
+    let body_bytes = &response_buf[header_end + 4..];
+
+    let header_str = std::str::from_utf8(header_bytes).expect("Non-UTF8 HTTP headers");
+    let mut lines = header_str.split("\r\n");
+    let status_line = lines.next().expect("Missing HTTP status line");
+    let status_code: u16 = status_line
+        .split_whitespace()
+        .nth(1)
+        .expect("Missing status code in HTTP status line")
+        .parse()
+        .expect("Invalid integer status code in HTTP response");
+
+    let mut headers = HashMap::new();
+    for line in lines {
+        if let Some((k, v)) = line.split_once(':') {
+            headers.insert(k.trim().to_ascii_lowercase(), v.trim().to_string());
+        }
+    }
+
+    let body_str = String::from_utf8_lossy(body_bytes).to_string();
+    (status_code, headers, body_str)
+}
+
+/// Helper for GET requests.
+async fn send_http_get(addr: SocketAddr, path: &str) -> (u16, HashMap<String, String>, String) {
+    send_http_request(addr, "GET", path, None).await
+}
+
+/// Helper for JSON POST requests.
+async fn send_http_json(
+    addr: SocketAddr,
+    method: &str,
+    path: &str,
+    body: &str,
+) -> (u16, HashMap<String, String>, String) {
+    send_http_request(addr, method, path, Some(body)).await
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_request_structs_exports() {
+    // Verify that all documented request structs deserialize properly
+    let _ptz: PtzRequest = serde_json::from_str(
+        r#"{"pan_arcsec": 36000, "tilt_arcsec": -18000, "zoom": 250}"#,
+    )
+    .expect("PtzRequest deserialization failed");
+
+    let _mode: ModeRequest = serde_json::from_str(
+        r#"{"mode": "DeskView", "pitch": -450, "zoom": 150}"#,
+    )
+    .expect("ModeRequest deserialization failed");
+
+    let _preset: PresetRequest = serde_json::from_str(
+        r#"{"action": "save", "index": 3}"#,
+    )
+    .expect("PresetRequest deserialization failed");
+
+    let _img: ImageRequest = serde_json::from_str(
+        r#"{"brightness": 75, "contrast": 65, "wb_auto": false, "wb_kelvin": 5600, "hdr": true, "filter_mode": "Warm"}"#,
+    )
+    .expect("ImageRequest deserialization failed");
+
+    let _track: TrackingRequest = serde_json::from_str(
+        r#"{"track_speed": "Fast", "composition_style": "WholeBody", "gesture_binding": ["Palm", "AutoFraming"]}"#,
+    )
+    .expect("TrackingRequest deserialization failed");
+
+    let _audio: AudioRequest = serde_json::from_str(
+        r#"{"audio_mode": "VoiceSuppression"}"#,
+    )
+    .or_else(|_| serde_json::from_str(r#"{"mode": "VoiceSuppression"}"#))
+    .expect("AudioRequest deserialization failed");
+
+    let _sys: SystemRequest = serde_json::from_str(
+        r#"{"privacy_mode": true, "horizontal_correction": true}"#,
+    )
+    .expect("SystemRequest deserialization failed");
+}
+
+/// 1. GET / returns 200 OK with text/html containing the embedded Web Remote Control UI.
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn test_web_remote_control_ui() {
+    let addr = start_test_server(CameraModel::Link2).await;
+    let (status, headers, body) = send_http_get(addr, "/").await;
+
+    assert_eq!(status, 200, "GET / did not return 200 OK");
+    let content_type = headers
+        .get("content-type")
+        .expect("Missing Content-Type header on GET /");
+    assert!(
+        content_type.contains("text/html"),
+        "Content-Type should be text/html, got '{content_type}'"
+    );
+    assert!(
+        body.contains("<!DOCTYPE html>")
+            || body.contains("<!doctype html>")
+            || body.contains("<html")
+            || body.contains("Insta360"),
+        "GET / body did not contain expected HTML UI content. Body preview: {}",
+        &body[..body.len().min(300)]
+    );
+}
+
+/// 2. GET /api/state returns 200 OK and deserializes cleanly into CameraStateSnapshot
+/// with CameraModel::Link2 and zoom == 100.
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn test_get_api_state_initial() {
+    let addr = start_test_server(CameraModel::Link2).await;
+    let (status, headers, body) = send_http_get(addr, "/api/state").await;
+
+    assert_eq!(status, 200, "GET /api/state did not return 200 OK");
+    let content_type = headers
+        .get("content-type")
+        .expect("Missing Content-Type header on GET /api/state");
+    assert!(
+        content_type.contains("application/json"),
+        "Content-Type should be application/json, got '{content_type}'"
+    );
+
+    let snapshot: CameraStateSnapshot = serde_json::from_str(&body)
+        .unwrap_or_else(|e| panic!("Failed to deserialize CameraStateSnapshot: {e}\nPayload: {body}"));
+
+    assert_eq!(snapshot.model, CameraModel::Link2);
+    assert_eq!(snapshot.zoom, 100);
+}
+
+/// 3. POST /api/ptz with {"pan_arcsec": 36000, "tilt_arcsec": -18000, "zoom": 250}
+/// updates pan_arcsec, tilt_arcsec, zoom, and real_zoom.
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn test_post_api_ptz() {
+    let addr = start_test_server(CameraModel::Link2).await;
+
+    let (status, _, _) = send_http_json(
+        addr,
+        "POST",
+        "/api/ptz",
+        r#"{"pan_arcsec": 36000, "tilt_arcsec": -18000, "zoom": 250}"#,
+    )
+    .await;
+    assert_eq!(status, 200, "POST /api/ptz failed");
+
+    let (status, _, body) = send_http_get(addr, "/api/state").await;
+    assert_eq!(status, 200);
+
+    let snapshot: CameraStateSnapshot = serde_json::from_str(&body)
+        .expect("Failed to deserialize CameraStateSnapshot after PTZ update");
+
+    assert_eq!(snapshot.pan_arcsec, 36000);
+    assert_eq!(snapshot.tilt_arcsec, -18000);
+    assert_eq!(snapshot.zoom, 250);
+    assert_eq!(snapshot.real_zoom, 250);
+}
+
+/// 4. POST /api/mode with {"mode": "DeskView", "pitch": -450, "zoom": 150}
+/// switches video_mode to VideoMode::DeskView and updates video_aux.pitch to -450.
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn test_post_api_mode() {
+    let addr = start_test_server(CameraModel::Link2).await;
+
+    let (status, _, _) = send_http_json(
+        addr,
+        "POST",
+        "/api/mode",
+        r#"{"mode": "DeskView", "pitch": -450, "zoom": 150}"#,
+    )
+    .await;
+    assert_eq!(status, 200, "POST /api/mode failed");
+
+    let (status, _, body) = send_http_get(addr, "/api/state").await;
+    assert_eq!(status, 200);
+
+    let snapshot: CameraStateSnapshot = serde_json::from_str(&body)
+        .expect("Failed to deserialize CameraStateSnapshot after mode update");
+
+    assert_eq!(snapshot.video_mode, VideoMode::DeskView);
+    assert_eq!(snapshot.video_aux.pitch, -450);
+}
+
+/// 5. POST /api/image with {"brightness": 75, "contrast": 65, "wb_auto": false, "wb_kelvin": 5600, "hdr": true, "filter_mode": "Warm"}
+/// updates all image parameters and sets ExtendFunction::Hdr to true.
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn test_post_api_image() {
+    let addr = start_test_server(CameraModel::Link2).await;
+
+    let (status, _, _) = send_http_json(
+        addr,
+        "POST",
+        "/api/image",
+        r#"{"brightness": 75, "contrast": 65, "wb_auto": false, "wb_kelvin": 5600, "hdr": true, "filter_mode": "Warm"}"#,
+    )
+    .await;
+    assert_eq!(status, 200, "POST /api/image failed");
+
+    let (status, _, body) = send_http_get(addr, "/api/state").await;
+    assert_eq!(status, 200);
+
+    let snapshot: CameraStateSnapshot = serde_json::from_str(&body)
+        .expect("Failed to deserialize CameraStateSnapshot after image update");
+
+    assert_eq!(snapshot.brightness, 75);
+    assert_eq!(snapshot.contrast, 65);
+    assert_eq!(snapshot.wb_auto, false);
+    assert_eq!(snapshot.wb_kelvin, 5600);
+    assert_eq!(snapshot.filter_mode, FilterMode::Warm);
+
+    let hdr_enabled = snapshot
+        .extend_functions
+        .iter()
+        .any(|(f, en)| *f == ExtendFunction::Hdr && *en);
+    assert!(hdr_enabled, "ExtendFunction::Hdr was not set to true in snapshot.extend_functions");
+}
+
+/// 6. POST /api/tracking with {"track_speed": "Fast", "composition_style": "WholeBody", "gesture_binding": ["Palm", "AutoFraming"]}
+/// updates tracking speed, composition style, and gesture bindings.
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn test_post_api_tracking() {
+    let addr = start_test_server(CameraModel::Link2).await;
+
+    let (status, _, _) = send_http_json(
+        addr,
+        "POST",
+        "/api/tracking",
+        r#"{"track_speed": "Fast", "composition_style": "WholeBody", "gesture_binding": ["Palm", "AutoFraming"]}"#,
+    )
+    .await;
+    assert_eq!(status, 200, "POST /api/tracking failed");
+
+    let (status, _, body) = send_http_get(addr, "/api/state").await;
+    assert_eq!(status, 200);
+
+    let snapshot: CameraStateSnapshot = serde_json::from_str(&body)
+        .expect("Failed to deserialize CameraStateSnapshot after tracking update");
+
+    assert_eq!(snapshot.track_speed, TrackSpeed::Fast);
+    assert_eq!(snapshot.composition_style, CompositionStyle::WholeBody);
+
+    let palm_binding = snapshot
+        .gesture_bindings
+        .iter()
+        .find(|(g, _)| *g == Gesture::Palm);
+    assert_eq!(
+        palm_binding.map(|(_, f)| *f),
+        Some(GestureFunction::AutoFraming),
+        "Expected Palm gesture binding to be AutoFraming"
+    );
+}
+
+/// 7. POST /api/preset with {"action": "save", "index": 3} sets bit 3 in preset_flags.slot_mask.
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn test_post_api_preset() {
+    let addr = start_test_server(CameraModel::Link2).await;
+
+    let (status, _, _) = send_http_json(
+        addr,
+        "POST",
+        "/api/preset",
+        r#"{"action": "save", "index": 3}"#,
+    )
+    .await;
+    assert_eq!(status, 200, "POST /api/preset failed");
+
+    let (status, _, body) = send_http_get(addr, "/api/state").await;
+    assert_eq!(status, 200);
+
+    let snapshot: CameraStateSnapshot = serde_json::from_str(&body)
+        .expect("Failed to deserialize CameraStateSnapshot after preset update");
+
+    assert_ne!(
+        snapshot.preset_flags.slot_mask & (1 << 3),
+        0,
+        "Bit 3 in preset_flags.slot_mask should be set after saving preset slot 3"
+    );
+}
+
+/// 8. POST /api/audio and POST /api/system update audio_mode, privacy_mode, and horizontal_correction.
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn test_post_api_audio_and_system() {
+    let addr = start_test_server(CameraModel::Link2).await;
+
+    // Audio update
+    let mut audio_res = send_http_json(
+        addr,
+        "POST",
+        "/api/audio",
+        r#"{"audio_mode": "VoiceSuppression"}"#,
+    )
+    .await;
+    if audio_res.0 != 200 {
+        audio_res = send_http_json(
+            addr,
+            "POST",
+            "/api/audio",
+            r#"{"mode": "VoiceSuppression"}"#,
+        )
+        .await;
+    }
+    assert_eq!(audio_res.0, 200, "POST /api/audio failed");
+
+    let (status, _, body) = send_http_get(addr, "/api/state").await;
+    assert_eq!(status, 200);
+    let snapshot: CameraStateSnapshot = serde_json::from_str(&body)
+        .expect("Failed to deserialize CameraStateSnapshot after audio update");
+    assert_eq!(snapshot.audio_mode, AudioCaptureMode::VoiceSuppression);
+
+    // System update
+    let (status, _, _) = send_http_json(
+        addr,
+        "POST",
+        "/api/system",
+        r#"{"privacy_mode": true, "horizontal_correction": true}"#,
+    )
+    .await;
+    assert_eq!(status, 200, "POST /api/system failed");
+
+    let (status, _, body) = send_http_get(addr, "/api/state").await;
+    assert_eq!(status, 200);
+    let snapshot: CameraStateSnapshot = serde_json::from_str(&body)
+        .expect("Failed to deserialize CameraStateSnapshot after system update");
+    assert!(snapshot.privacy_mode, "privacy_mode should be true");
+    assert!(
+        snapshot.horizontal_correction,
+        "horizontal_correction should be true"
+    );
+}
+
+/// Complete end-to-end integration flow testing all 8 steps sequentially on a single
+/// server instance over TCP sockets.
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn test_server_full_integration_flow() {
+    let addr = start_test_server(CameraModel::Link2).await;
+
+    // 1. GET / returns 200 OK with text/html UI
+    let (status, headers, body) = send_http_get(addr, "/").await;
+    assert_eq!(status, 200);
+    assert!(headers.get("content-type").unwrap().contains("text/html"));
+    assert!(
+        body.contains("<!DOCTYPE html>")
+            || body.contains("<!doctype html>")
+            || body.contains("<html")
+            || body.contains("Insta360")
+    );
+
+    // 2. GET /api/state initial state
+    let (status, _, body) = send_http_get(addr, "/api/state").await;
+    assert_eq!(status, 200);
+    let snapshot: CameraStateSnapshot = serde_json::from_str(&body).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(snapshot.model, CameraModel::Link2);
+    assert_eq!(snapshot.zoom, 100);
+
+    // 3. POST /api/ptz
+    let (status, _, _) = send_http_json(
+        addr,
+        "POST",
+        "/api/ptz",
+        r#"{"pan_arcsec": 36000, "tilt_arcsec": -18000, "zoom": 250}"#,
+    )
+    .await;
+    assert_eq!(status, 200);
+
+    let (_, _, body) = send_http_get(addr, "/api/state").await;
+    let snapshot: CameraStateSnapshot = serde_json::from_str(&body).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(snapshot.pan_arcsec, 36000);
+    assert_eq!(snapshot.tilt_arcsec, -18000);
+    assert_eq!(snapshot.zoom, 250);
+    assert_eq!(snapshot.real_zoom, 250);
+
+    // 4. POST /api/mode
+    let (status, _, _) = send_http_json(
+        addr,
+        "POST",
+        "/api/mode",
+        r#"{"mode": "DeskView", "pitch": -450, "zoom": 150}"#,
+    )
+    .await;
+    assert_eq!(status, 200);
+
+    let (_, _, body) = send_http_get(addr, "/api/state").await;
+    let snapshot: CameraStateSnapshot = serde_json::from_str(&body).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(snapshot.video_mode, VideoMode::DeskView);
+    assert_eq!(snapshot.video_aux.pitch, -450);
+
+    // 5. POST /api/image
+    let (status, _, _) = send_http_json(
+        addr,
+        "POST",
+        "/api/image",
+        r#"{"brightness": 75, "contrast": 65, "wb_auto": false, "wb_kelvin": 5600, "hdr": true, "filter_mode": "Warm"}"#,
+    )
+    .await;
+    assert_eq!(status, 200);
+
+    let (_, _, body) = send_http_get(addr, "/api/state").await;
+    let snapshot: CameraStateSnapshot = serde_json::from_str(&body).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(snapshot.brightness, 75);
+    assert_eq!(snapshot.contrast, 65);
+    assert_eq!(snapshot.wb_auto, false);
+    assert_eq!(snapshot.wb_kelvin, 5600);
+    assert_eq!(snapshot.filter_mode, FilterMode::Warm);
+    assert!(snapshot
+        .extend_functions
+        .iter()
+        .any(|(f, en)| *f == ExtendFunction::Hdr && *en));
+
+    // 6. POST /api/tracking
+    let (status, _, _) = send_http_json(
+        addr,
+        "POST",
+        "/api/tracking",
+        r#"{"track_speed": "Fast", "composition_style": "WholeBody", "gesture_binding": ["Palm", "AutoFraming"]}"#,
+    )
+    .await;
+    assert_eq!(status, 200);
+
+    let (_, _, body) = send_http_get(addr, "/api/state").await;
+    let snapshot: CameraStateSnapshot = serde_json::from_str(&body).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(snapshot.track_speed, TrackSpeed::Fast);
+    assert_eq!(snapshot.composition_style, CompositionStyle::WholeBody);
+    let palm_binding = snapshot
+        .gesture_bindings
+        .iter()
+        .find(|(g, _)| *g == Gesture::Palm);
+    assert_eq!(
+        palm_binding.map(|(_, f)| *f),
+        Some(GestureFunction::AutoFraming)
+    );
+
+    // 7. POST /api/preset
+    let (status, _, _) = send_http_json(
+        addr,
+        "POST",
+        "/api/preset",
+        r#"{"action": "save", "index": 3}"#,
+    )
+    .await;
+    assert_eq!(status, 200);
+
+    let (_, _, body) = send_http_get(addr, "/api/state").await;
+    let snapshot: CameraStateSnapshot = serde_json::from_str(&body).unwrap();
+    assert_ne!(snapshot.preset_flags.slot_mask & (1 << 3), 0);
+
+    // 8. POST /api/audio and POST /api/system
+    let mut audio_res = send_http_json(
+        addr,
+        "POST",
+        "/api/audio",
+        r#"{"audio_mode": "VoiceSuppression"}"#,
+    )
+    .await;
+    if audio_res.0 != 200 {
+        audio_res = send_http_json(
+            addr,
+            "POST",
+            "/api/audio",
+            r#"{"mode": "VoiceSuppression"}"#,
+        )
+        .await;
+    }
+    assert_eq!(audio_res.0, 200);
+
+    let (status, _, _) = send_http_json(
+        addr,
+        "POST",
+        "/api/system",
+        r#"{"privacy_mode": true, "horizontal_correction": true}"#,
+    )
+    .await;
+    assert_eq!(status, 200);
+
+    let (_, _, body) = send_http_get(addr, "/api/state").await;
+    let snapshot: CameraStateSnapshot = serde_json::from_str(&body).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(snapshot.audio_mode, AudioCaptureMode::VoiceSuppression);
+    assert!(snapshot.privacy_mode);
+    assert!(snapshot.horizontal_correction);
+}
diff --git a/docs/PROTOCOL.md b/docs/PROTOCOL.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4dbca74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/PROTOCOL.md
@@ -0,0 +1,578 @@
+# Insta360 Link / Link 2 / Link 2C USB & UVC Protocol Specification
+
+This document provides the complete, byte-accurate hardware control protocol specification for the **Insta360 Link**, **Insta360 Link 2**, **Insta360 Link 2C**, and **Insta360 Link 2 Pro (PUC3)** webcam family.
+
+All protocol structures, USB descriptors, UVC Extension Unit GUIDs, control selectors, sub-opcodes, payload layouts, and state machines documented here were reverse-engineered directly from the official macOS binary:
+
+- **Binary Path**: `/Applications/Insta360 Link Controller.app/Contents/MacOS/Webcam-desktop`
+- **Application Version**: `2.0.2` (`arm64` Mach-O executable)
+- **SHA-256 Digest**: `41db6e352223f06fa2fd70989a4d2faf622fd9c14b16a84da2aff39c0dcff22e`
+
+---
+
+## 1. USB Device Identification & Firmware Images
+
+All Insta360 Link family cameras enumerate under Arashi Vision's USB Vendor ID (`0x2e1a`). Device discovery is implemented in `MacUVCCameraControlImp::GetUVCCameraList` (`0x100191478`) and `UVCCameraDeviceWatcherImp::StartWatch` (`0x10019e29c`).
+
+- **USB Vendor ID (`idVendor`)**: `0x2e1a` (`11802` decimal — Arashi Vision Inc. / Insta360)
+
+### 1.1 Product IDs (`idProduct`) and Firmware Targets
+
+Verified at `0x100191480` (`0x4c01..=0x4c06`), `0x100191664` (`0x00c2`), `Webcam::CameraInsta::GetCameraModel()` (`0x10005f92c`), `UVCCameraExtendControllerImp::FirmwareUpgrade` jump table (`0x10286f37d`), and firmware path table (`0x1001a0a0c`):
+
+| PID (`idProduct`) | Camera Model | Internal Code | Physical Gimbal | `SetVideoMode` Payload | Virtual MSC Firmware Target Path |
+| :--- | :--- | :--- | :---: | :---: | :--- |
+| `0x4c01` | Insta360 Link (1st Gen) | `link1` | Yes (3-axis) | 8 bytes | `a:\Insta360WebCamFW.bin` |
+| `0x4c02` | Insta360 Link 2 Pro (PUC3 Gimbal A) | `link2_gimbal` | Yes (2-axis) | 8 bytes | `a:\Insta360PUC3FW_GIMBAL.bin` |
+| `0x4c03` | Insta360 Link 2C (Fixed-Lens 4K) | `link2_main` | No | 36 bytes | `a:\Insta360LINK2CFW_HOST.bin` |
+| `0x4c04` | Insta360 Link 2 (2-Axis Gimbal 4K) | `link2_gimbal` | Yes (2-axis) | 8 bytes | `a:\Insta360LINK2FW_GIMBAL.bin` |
+| `0x4c05` | Insta360 Link 2C Pro (PUC3 Host) | `link2_main` | No | 36 bytes | `a:\Insta360PUC3FW_HOST.bin` |
+| `0x4c06` | Insta360 Link 2 Pro (PUC3 Gimbal B) | `link2_gimbal` | Yes (2-axis) | 8 bytes | `a:\Insta360PUC3FW_GIMBAL.bin` |
+| `0x00c2` | Insta360 Link Simple-Class / DFU | `link1` | — | 36 bytes | `a:\Insta360WebCamFW.bin` |
+
+> **`SetVideoMode` Payload Length Note (`0x1001970f4`)**:
+> In `MacUVCCameraExtendController::SetVideoMode`, when a 36-byte (`0x24`) `VideoModeAuxiliaryData` structure is supplied and `pid` is in `0x4c01..=0x4c06`, the binary tests bit `(pid - 0x4c01)` against the bitmask `0x2b` (`0b101011`, matching PIDs `0x4c01`, `0x4c02`, `0x4c04`, `0x4c06`). If the bit is set, the transfer length is truncated to **8 bytes** (`w4 = 8`). For gimbal-less models (`0x4c03` Link 2C and `0x4c05` PUC3 Host), the full **36-byte** (`0x24`) buffer is transmitted.
+
+---
+
+## 2. Per-Model Hardware Capability Matrix
+
+Derived from `Webcam::CameraDeviceSupporter::UpdateUIStatus` (`0x10004a8b8`), the controller determines per-device feature support directly from the USB Product ID:
+
+| Capability Flag | Condition in Binary (`0x10004a8b8`) | `0x4c01` Link | `0x4c02` PUC3 Gimbal A | `0x4c03` Link 2C | `0x4c04` Link 2 | `0x4c05` PUC3 Host | `0x4c06` PUC3 Gimbal B |
+| :--- | :--- | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: |
+| `has_physical_gimbal` | `pid != 0x4c03 && pid != 0x4c05` | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes |
+| `support_ptz_drag` | `pid != 0x4c03 && pid != 0x4c05` | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes |
+| `support_auto_framing` | `pid != 0x4c01` | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
+| `support_highlighting` | `pid != 0x4c01` | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
+| `support_mirror_vertically` | `pid != 0x4c01` | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
+| `support_track_speed` | `pid != 0x4c03 && pid != 0x4c05` | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes |
+| `support_image_template` | `pid != 0x4c01` | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
+| `support_privacy_mode` | `pid != 0x4c01` | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
+| `support_area_track` | `(pid & 0xfffd) == 0x4c04` | No | No | No | Yes | No | Yes |
+| `support_roll_adjustment` | `pid == 0x4c01` | Yes | No | No | No | No | No |
+| `support_ai_denoise` | `pid != 0x4c01` | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
+| `support_sound_wall` | `pid == 0x4c05 \|\| pid == 0x4c06` | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes |
+| `support_speak_tracking` | `(pid & 0xfffd) == 0x4c04` | No | No | No | Yes | No | Yes |
+| `support_auto_track` | `pid != 0x4c03 && pid != 0x4c05` | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes |
+| `support_smart_adjustment` | `pid != 0x4c03 && pid != 0x4c05` | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes |
+| `support_audio_capture_mode` | `pid != 0x4c01` | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
+| `support_horizontal_correction` | `pid == 0x4c04` | No | No | No | Yes | No | No |
+
+---
+
+## 3. UVC Descriptor Discovery & Extension Unit GUIDs
+
+In `FindControllerInterfaceForServiceObject` (`0x100190fe0`), the host walks the USB Configuration Descriptor (`bDescriptorType = 0x04` Interface Descriptor) looking for the UVC VideoControl interface:
+
+- `bInterfaceClass = 0x0e` (`CC_VIDEO`)
+- `bInterfaceSubclass = 0x01` (`SC_VIDEOCONTROL`)
+
+Within the VideoControl interface, class-specific interface descriptors (`bDescriptorType = 0x24`, `CS_INTERFACE`) are parsed by `bDescriptorSubtype`:
+
+1. **`VC_INPUT_TERMINAL` (`0x02`)**:
+   - Checks `wTerminalType == 0x0201` (`ITT_CAMERA` at byte offset `4..6`) and records `bTerminalID` (`desc[3]`).
+2. **`VC_PROCESSING_UNIT` (`0x05`)**:
+   - Records `bUnitID` (`desc[3]`).
+3. **`VC_EXTENSION_UNIT` (`0x06`)**:
+   - Compares the 16-byte `guidExtensionCode` (`desc[4..20]`) against two proprietary Insta360 Extension Unit GUIDs.
+
+### 3.1 Proprietary Extension Unit GUIDs
+
+| Extension Unit | Canonical UUID String (`0x102a9d098` / `0x102a9d0b8`) | Mixed-Endian 16-Byte USB `guidExtensionCode` (`desc[4..20]`) | Default `bUnitID` |
+| :--- | :--- | :--- | :---: |
+| **Extension Unit 1 (`XU1`)** | `FAF1672D-B71B-4793-8C91-7B1C9B7F95F8` | `2d 67 f1 fa 1b b7 93 47 8c 91 7b 1c 9b 7f 95 f8` | `9` (`0x09`) |
+| **Extension Unit 2 (`XU2`)** | `E307E649-4618-A3FF-82FC-2D8B5F216773` | `49 e6 07 e3 18 46 ff a3 82 fc 2d 8b 5f 21 67 73` | `10` (`0x0a`) |
+
+> **Mixed-Endian UUID Conversion (`0x100191140` & `0x100191168`)**:
+> Per the USB Video Class specification, the first three fields of `guidExtensionCode` (`Data1: u32`, `Data2: u16`, `Data3: u16`) are encoded in **little-endian** byte order, while `Data4: [u8; 8]` is encoded in **big-endian** (network) byte order:
+> - `FAF1672D-B71B-4793-8C91-7B1C9B7F95F8` → `2D 67 F1 FA` | `1B B7` | `93 47` | `8C 91` | `7B 1C 9B 7F 95 F8`
+> - `E307E649-4618-A3FF-82FC-2D8B5F216773` → `49 E6 07 E3` | `18 46` | `FF A3` | `82 FC` | `2D 8B 5F 21 67 73`
+
+### 3.2 Default UVC Unit IDs
+
+When UVC descriptors are not overridden, Insta360 Link family cameras use the following standard unit IDs:
+
+| Unit / Interface | Constant | Default ID |
+| :--- | :--- | :---: |
+| UVC VideoControl Interface | `DEFAULT_CONTROL_INTERFACE` | `0` (`0x00`) |
+| Camera Input Terminal (`CT`) | `DEFAULT_INPUT_TERMINAL_ID` | `1` (`0x01`) |
+| Processing Unit (`PU`) | `DEFAULT_PROCESSING_UNIT_ID` | `2` (`0x02`) |
+| Insta360 Extension Unit 1 (`XU1`) | `DEFAULT_EXTENSION_UNIT_ID` | `9` (`0x09`) |
+| Insta360 Extension Unit 2 (`XU2`) | `DEFAULT_EXTENSION_UNIT2_ID` | `10` (`0x0a`) |
+
+---
+
+## 4. UVC Control Request Framing
+
+All standard and extension unit commands are transmitted as USB Control Transfers to Endpoint 0 targeting the UVC VideoControl interface (`MacUVCCameraControl::SetData` at `0x100192880` and `MacUVCCameraControl::GetData` at `0x10019282c`).
+
+### 4.1 USB Setup Packet Layout
+
+| Field | Size | Value / Formula | Description |
+| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
+| `bmRequestType` | `u8` | `0x21` (`SET_CUR`) or `0xa1` (`GET_*`) | Class-specific (`0x20`), Interface recipient (`0x01`), Host-to-Device (`0x00`) or Device-to-Host (`0x80`) |
+| `bRequest` | `u8` | `0x01` or `0x81..0x87` | UVC Request Code (see table below) |
+| `wValue` | `u16` (LE) | `(selector as u16) << 8` | Control Selector (`CS`) in high byte, `0x00` in low byte |
+| `wIndex` | `u16` (LE) | `((unit_id as u16) << 8) \| (interface_num as u16)` | Entity/Unit/Terminal ID in high byte, VideoControl `bInterfaceNumber` in low byte |
+| `wLength` | `u16` (LE) | `data.len() as u16` | Payload length in bytes |
+
+### 4.2 UVC Request Codes (`bRequest`)
+
+| Request Name | `bmRequestType` | `bRequest` | Direction | Usage |
+| :--- | :---: | :---: | :---: | :--- |
+| `SET_CUR` | `0x21` | `0x01` | OUT (Host → Camera) | Write control value or execute command |
+| `GET_CUR` | `0xa1` | `0x81` | IN (Camera → Host) | Read current control value or status |
+| `GET_MIN` | `0xa1` | `0x82` | IN (Camera → Host) | Read minimum supported value |
+| `GET_MAX` | `0xa1` | `0x83` | IN (Camera → Host) | Read maximum supported value |
+| `GET_RES` | `0xa1` | `0x84` | IN (Camera → Host) | Read step resolution |
+| `GET_LEN` | `0xa1` | `0x85` | IN (Camera → Host) | Read payload length (`u16` LE, 2 bytes) for variable-length XU selectors |
+| `GET_INFO` | `0xa1` | `0x86` | IN (Camera → Host) | Read control capability flags (1 byte) |
+| `GET_DEF` | `0xa1` | `0x87` | IN (Camera → Host) | Read factory default value |
+
+---
+
+## 5. Standard UVC Camera Terminal (`CT_*`) & Processing Unit (`PU_*`) Controls
+
+Implemented in `MacUVCCameraController` (`0x100193694`–`0x100195800`).
+
+### 5.1 Camera Terminal Controls (`unit_id = input_terminal_id`, default `1`)
+
+| Selector | UVC Control Name | Size | Type (LE) | Description & Typical Values |
+| :---: | :--- | :---: | :---: | :--- |
+| `0x02` | `CT_AE_MODE_CONTROL` | 1B | `u8` | Auto-Exposure mode bitmap: `1` = Manual, `2` = Auto, `4` = Shutter Priority, `8` = Aperture Priority |
+| `0x04` | `CT_EXPOSURE_TIME_ABSOLUTE_CONTROL` | 4B | `u32` | Shutter speed / exposure duration in `100 µs` units (e.g. `10..1000`, default `200`) |
+| `0x06` | `CT_FOCUS_ABSOLUTE_CONTROL` | 2B | `u16` | Manual focus distance (`0..100`, step `1`, default `50`) |
+| `0x08` | `CT_FOCUS_AUTO_CONTROL` | 1B | `u8` | Auto-focus enable: `0` = Manual Focus, `1` = Auto Focus |
+| `0x0b` | `CT_ZOOM_ABSOLUTE_CONTROL` | 2B | `u16` | Digital zoom multiplier (`100` = 1.0x .. `400` = 4.0x, step `1`, default `100`) |
+| `0x0d` | `CT_PANTILT_ABSOLUTE_CONTROL` | 8B | `(i32, i32)` | `[0..4]` Pan angle in arcseconds (`-468000..+468000`), `[4..8]` Tilt angle in arcseconds (`-324000..+324000`); `1° = 3600 arcsec` |
+| `0x0e` | `CT_PANTILT_RELATIVE_CONTROL` | 4B | `[i8, u8, i8, u8]` | `[0]` `pan_dir` (`-1`, `0`, `+1`), `[1]` `pan_speed`, `[2]` `tilt_dir` (`-1`, `0`, `+1`), `[3]` `tilt_speed` |
+| `0x0f` | `CT_ROLL_ABSOLUTE_CONTROL` | 2B | `i16` | Gimbal roll angle in tenths of a degree (Link 1 `0x4c01` only, e.g. `-1800..+1800`) |
+
+### 5.2 Processing Unit Controls (`unit_id = processing_unit_id`, default `2`)
+
+| Selector | UVC Control Name | Size | Type (LE) | Description & Typical Values |
+| :---: | :--- | :---: | :---: | :--- |
+| `0x02` | `PU_BRIGHTNESS_CONTROL` | 2B | `i16` | Image brightness (`0..100`, step `1`, default `50`) |
+| `0x03` | `PU_CONTRAST_CONTROL` | 2B | `u16` | Image contrast (`0..100`, step `1`, default `50`) |
+| `0x05` | `PU_POWER_LINE_FREQUENCY_CONTROL` | 1B | `u8` | Anti-flicker frequency: `0` = Disabled, `1` = 50 Hz, `2` = 60 Hz, `3` = Auto |
+| `0x07` | `PU_SATURATION_CONTROL` | 2B | `u16` | Color saturation (`0..100`, step `1`, default `50`) |
+| `0x08` | `PU_SHARPNESS_CONTROL` | 2B | `u16` | Image sharpness (`0..100`, step `1`, default `50`) |
+| `0x0a` | `PU_WHITE_BALANCE_TEMPERATURE_CONTROL` | 2B | `u16` | Color temperature in Kelvin (`2000..10000`, step `50`, default `5000`) |
+| `0x0c` | `PU_WHITE_BALANCE_TEMPERATURE_AUTO_CONTROL` | 1B | `u8` | Auto White Balance (AWB): `0` = Manual, `1` = Auto |
+
+---
+
+## 6. Proprietary Extension Unit 1 (`XU1`) Selectors (`0x01` – `0x0f`)
+
+- **GUID**: `FAF1672D-B71B-4793-8C91-7B1C9B7F95F8`
+- **Default Unit ID**: `9` (`0x09`)
+- **Binary Implementation**: `MacUVCCameraExtendController` (`0x100195a18`–`0x10019bd00`)
+
+### Summary Table of `XU1` Selectors
+
+| Selector | Constant Name | Size | Requests | Primary Function |
+| :---: | :--- | :---: | :---: | :--- |
+| `0x01` | `SYSTEM_AND_PRESET_CMD` | 4B / 5B | `SET_CUR` | Preset recall/add/delete, Gimbal reset, Factory default, Composition bias, Forbidden area mode |
+| `0x02` | `VIDEO_MODE` | 8B / 36B | `SET_CUR`, `GET_CUR` | Video mode (`Normal`, `AutoTracking`, `WhiteBoard`, `OverheadShot`, `DeskView`, `AutoFraming`, `SmartWhiteBoard`) & ROI/pitch/zoom |
+| `0x03` | `TRACKING_AND_GESTURE` | 6B / 16B | `SET_CUR`, `GET_CUR` | Hand gesture enables, AI tracking speed, Composition style, Smart Whiteboard force |
+| `0x04` | `AUDIO_CONTROL` | 2B | `SET_CUR`, `GET_CUR` | Audio AI noise reduction (`0..1`) & Audio capture mode (`1..5`) |
+| `0x05` | `TRACK_OBJECT_SELECT` | 10B | `SET_CUR` | Select target person/object bounding box (`UVCRect`) for AI tracking |
+| `0x06` | `TRACK_OBJECT_LIST_V1` | `N * 10B` | `GET_LEN`, `GET_CUR` | Detected trackable objects bounding box array (Insta360 Link 1 `0x4c01`) |
+| `0x07` | `EXPOSURE_CURVE_AND_ISO` | 259B | `SET_CUR`, `GET_CUR` | Auto/Manual exposure mode (`u8`), Manual ISO (`u16`), and 128-point tone curve (`[u16; 128]`) |
+| `0x08` | `EXPOSURE_COMPENSATION` | 4B | `SET_CUR`, `GET_CUR` | Exposure compensation EV (`f32` IEEE-754 little-endian) |
+| `0x09` | `WHITE_BALANCE_EXT` | 129B | `SET_CUR`, `GET_CUR` | Extended white balance mode (`u8`) and 32-channel gain array (`[u32; 32]`) |
+| `0x0a` | `EXTEND_FUNC_BITMASK` | 8B | `SET_CUR`, `GET_CUR` | 15-bit Extended Function bitmask (`u32 mask`, `u32 values`) |
+| `0x0b` | `PANTILT_RELATIVE_EXT` | 4B | `SET_CUR`, `GET_CUR` | Proprietary gimbal relative pan/tilt (`[pan_speed, pan_dir, tilt_speed, tilt_dir]`) |
+| `0x0c` | `DEVICE_STATUS` | 4B | `GET_CUR` | Runtime device status bitflags (`u32`) |
+| `0x0d` | `PTZ_VERSION_AND_ABS` | 30B | `GET_CUR` | Gimbal firmware version string (`[0..20]`) and current pan/tilt/zoom (`[20..27]`) |
+| `0x0e` | `PRESET_POSITION_FLAGS` | 8B | `GET_CUR` | Populated gimbal preset slot bitmask, active slot, and max slots |
+| `0x0f` | `USB_MODE_SWITCH` | 4B | `SET_CUR` | Switch to Read-Only Mass Storage Class (`[2, 0, 0, 0]`) or camera file download (`[1, 0, 0, 0]`) |
+
+---
+
+### Detailed `XU1` Selector Payloads
+
+#### `XU1 0x01` — `SYSTEM_AND_PRESET_CMD` (4 or 5 Bytes, `SET_CUR`)
+Multiplexed command register dispatched by sub-opcode in `byte[0]`:
+
+| Sub-Opcode (`byte[0]`) | Method in Binary | Address | Length | Wire Payload (Hex / Layout) | Description |
+| :---: | :--- | :--- | :---: | :--- | :--- |
+| `0x00` | `SetCurPresetPosition(u8 index)` | `0x100199918` | 4B | `[0x00, index, 0x00, 0x00]` | Recall gimbal preset slot `index` (`0..=5`) |
+| `0x01` | `AddPresetPosition(u8 index)` | `0x1001999b4` | 4B | `[0x01, index, 0x00, 0x00]` | Save current gimbal PTZ to slot `index` (`0..=5`) |
+| `0x02` | `DeletePresetPosition(u8 index)` | `0x100199a54` | 4B | `[0x02, index, 0x00, 0x00]` | Delete gimbal preset slot `index` (`0..=5`) |
+| `0x03` | `ResetGimbal()` | `0x100196fb0` | 4B | `[0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00]` | Center/home gimbal pan, tilt, roll, and zoom |
+| `0x04` | `LoadFactoryDefault()` | `0x10019701c` | 4B | `[0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00]` | Reset image/camera parameters to factory defaults |
+| `0x06` | `SetCompositionBias(i16 x, i16 y)` | `0x10019933c` | 5B | `[0x06, x_lo, x_hi, y_lo, y_hi]` | Set AI tracking composition offset (`x = 0x7fff, y = 0x7fff` resets bias) |
+| `0x07` | `EnterTrackForbiddenAreaSetting()` | `0x10019bf74` | 4B | `[0x07, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00]` | Enter interactive tracking forbidden-area calibration mode |
+| `0x08` | `ExitTrackForbiddenAreaSetting()` | `0x10019bfb4` | 4B | `[0x08, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00]` | Exit tracking forbidden-area calibration mode |
+
+---
+
+#### `XU1 0x02` — `VIDEO_MODE` (8 or 36 Bytes)
+Verified in `SetVideoMode` (`0x100197088`) and `GetVideoMode` (`0x1001978b8`).
+
+**`VideoMode` Enum Values (`byte[0]`, verified in `CameraInsta` at `0x1000601d4`–`0x100060234`)**:
+| Value | Variant | UI Display Name | Description |
+| :---: | :--- | :--- | :--- |
+| `0` | `Normal` | Normal | Standard webcam mode |
+| `1` | `AutoTracking` | AI Tracking | Single-person gimbal/digital AI tracking |
+| `4` | `WhiteBoard` | Whiteboard | Corner-marker whiteboard keystone enhancement |
+| `5` | `OverheadShot` | Overhead | Gimbal pitched straight down (-90°) for top-down view |
+| `6` | `DeskView` | DeskView | Tilted trapezoid perspective correction for desktop view |
+| `7` | `AutoFraming` | Auto Framing | Multi-person group framing (Link 2 / Link 2C / PUC3) |
+| `8` (or `10`) | `SmartWhiteBoard` | Smart Whiteboard | Markerless AI whiteboard detection & perspective correction |
+
+**Wire Layout (36-Byte `VideoModeAuxiliaryData`)**:
+| Byte Offset | Type | Field | Description |
+| :---: | :---: | :--- | :--- |
+| `0` | `u8` | `mode` | `VideoMode` enum value (`0, 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8`) |
+| `1` | `u8` | `flags` | Auxiliary mode flags (`0` by default) |
+| `2..6` | `i32` LE | `rect[0]` (`x`) | ROI X or corner coordinate |
+| `6..10` | `i32` LE | `rect[1]` (`y`) | ROI Y or corner coordinate |
+| `10..14` | `i32` LE | `rect[2]` (`w`) | ROI Width or corner coordinate |
+| `14..18` | `i32` LE | `rect[3]` (`h`) | ROI Height or corner coordinate |
+| `18..20` | `i16` LE | `pitch` | DeskView / Host pitch angle (`-900..0` or `-61926` sentinel) |
+| `20..22` | `u16` LE | `zoom` | Mode zoom percentage (default `100`) |
+| `22..36` | `[u8; 14]` | `extra` | Mode-specific auxiliary bytes |
+
+*Note*: On Link (`0x4c01`), Link 2 (`0x4c04`), and PUC3 Gimbal (`0x4c02`, `0x4c06`), `SET_CUR` sends only the first **8 bytes** (`[0..8]`). On Link 2C (`0x4c03`) and PUC3 Host (`0x4c05`), `SET_CUR` sends all **36 bytes**. `GET_CUR` always reads **36 bytes**.
+
+---
+
+#### `XU1 0x03` — `TRACKING_AND_GESTURE` (6 or 16 Bytes)
+Multiplexed control for hand gestures, tracking speed, composition style, and Smart Whiteboard:
+
+1. **`SET_CUR` (16 Bytes)** — Dispatched by `byte[0]`:
+   - `byte[0] == 0x00` (`EnableAllGesture` at `0x100197b54`): `[0x00, enable_u8, 0x00, ...]` (also toggles `ExtendFunction::AllGestures` bit 4 in `XU1 0x0a`).
+   - `byte[0] == 0x01` (`EnableGestureWork` at `0x100197bc8`): Reads 6 bytes `[all, ok, palm, l, v, rock]` from `GET_CUR`, sets `buf[0] = 0x01` and `buf[gesture_idx + 1] = enable_u8`, padded with zeros to 16 bytes.
+   - `byte[0] == 0x03` (`ForceSetSmatrWhiteBoard` at `0x1001980d0`): `[0x03, mode_u8, 0x00, ...]`.
+   - `byte[0] == 0x05` (`SetTrackSpeed` at `0x1001975bc`): `[0x05, speed_u8, 0x00, ...]`.
+   - `byte[0] == 0x06` (`SetCompositionStyle` at `0x100197498`): `[0x06, style_u8, 0x00, ...]`.
+
+2. **`GET_CUR` (6 or 16 Bytes)**:
+   - `byte[0]`: Master gesture enable (`0` or `1`)
+   - `byte[1]`: `Gesture::Ok` (`0`) enable (`0` or `1`)
+   - `byte[2]`: `Gesture::Palm` (`1`) enable (`0` or `1`)
+   - `byte[3]`: `Gesture::LShape` (`2`) enable (`0` or `1`)
+   - `byte[4]`: `Gesture::VShape` (`3`) enable (`0` or `1`)
+   - `byte[5]`: `Gesture::Rock` (`4`) enable (`0` or `1`)
+   - `byte[6]`: `TrackSpeed` (`GetTrackSpeed` at `0x100197630`: `0` = `Slow`, `1` = `Normal`, `2` = `Fast`)
+   - `byte[7]`: `CompositionStyle` (`GetCompositionStyle` at `0x10019750c`: `0` = `Head`, `1` = `HalfBody`, `2` = `WholeBody`, `3` = `Custom`)
+
+**`Gesture` Indices (`0x100197bc8` & `setUseGesture*` at `0x100067f58`–`0x100068888`)**:
+| Index | Enum Variant | Hand Gesture | Default Action |
+| :---: | :--- | :--- | :--- |
+| `0` | `Gesture::Ok` | 👌 OK Sign | Toggle AI Tracking / Auto Framing (`byte[1]`) |
+| `1` | `Gesture::Palm` | ✋ Open Palm | Toggle AI Tracking / Auto Framing (`byte[2]`) |
+| `2` | `Gesture::LShape` | 👆 L-Shape | Dynamic Zoom In/Out (`byte[3]`) |
+| `3` | `Gesture::VShape` | ✌️ V-Shape (Peace) | Toggle Whiteboard Mode (`byte[4]`) |
+| `4` | `Gesture::Rock` | 🤘 Rock Sign | Custom / Reserved (`byte[5]`) |
+
+---
+
+#### `XU1 0x04` — `AUDIO_CONTROL` (2 Bytes)
+Verified in `EnableAudioNoiseReduction` (`0x100197798`), `GetAudioNoiseStatus` (`0x100197808`), `SetAudioCaptureMode` (`0x10019bf54`), and `GetAudioCaptureMode` (`0x10019bf64`).
+- **Payload**: `[value_u8, 0x00]` (2 bytes)
+- For Link 1 noise reduction: `value_u8` is `0` (Disabled) or `1` (Enabled).
+- For Link 2 / Link 2C / PUC3 `AudioCaptureMode` (`0x1000702a8`):
+
+| Value | Variant | UI Display Name | Description |
+| :---: | :--- | :--- | :--- |
+| `1` | `VoiceFocus` | Voice Focus | Directional beamforming microphone mode |
+| `2` | `VoiceSuppression` | Noise Suppression | Wide-angle background noise cancellation |
+| `3` | `MusicBalance` | Music Balance | Balanced voice and ambient music fidelity |
+| `4` | `Original` | Original Sound | Unprocessed raw microphone audio |
+| `5` | `SoundWall` | Sound Wall | Virtual audio fence (PUC3 `0x4c05` / `0x4c06` only) |
+
+---
+
+#### `XU1 0x05` & `0x06` — `TRACK_OBJECT_SELECT` & `TRACK_OBJECT_LIST_V1` (10 Bytes per `UVCRect`)
+Verified in `SetTrackObj` (`0x100198a38`) and `GetTrackObjLists` (`0x100198adc`).
+Each `UVCRect` entry is 10 bytes (5 × `i16` little-endian):
+
+| Byte Offset | Type | Field | Description |
+| :---: | :---: | :--- | :--- |
+| `0..2` | `i16` LE | `x` | Normalized bounding box X coordinate |
+| `2..4` | `i16` LE | `y` | Normalized bounding box Y coordinate |
+| `4..6` | `i16` LE | `width` | Normalized bounding box width |
+| `6..8` | `i16` LE | `height` | Normalized bounding box height |
+| `8..10` | `i16` LE | `track_id` | Object tracking identifier |
+
+---
+
+#### `XU1 0x07` — `EXPOSURE_CURVE_AND_ISO` (259 Bytes)
+Verified in `GetExpouseCurve` (`0x10019aaa0`), `SetExpouseCurve` (`0x10019ab74`), `EnableAutoExposure` (`0x10019ac90`), `GetAutoExposureStatus` (`0x10019ad98`), `SetISOValue` (`0x10019ae24`), and `GetISOValue` (`0x10019af50`).
+
+| Byte Offset | Type | Field | Description |
+| :---: | :---: | :--- | :--- |
+| `0` | `u8` | `mode` | Exposure mode: `0` = Manual Exposure, `1` = Auto Exposure |
+| `1..3` | `u16` LE | `iso` | Manual ISO sensitivity (e.g. `100..=3200`) |
+| `3..259` | `[u16; 128]` LE | `points` | 128-point tone/exposure lookup curve (`256` bytes) |
+
+---
+
+#### `XU1 0x08` — `EXPOSURE_COMPENSATION` (4 Bytes)
+Verified in `SetExposureCompensation` (`0x100198f34`) and `GetExposureCompensation` (`0x100198fc0`).
+- **Payload**: 4-byte IEEE-754 single-precision float (`f32` little-endian) representing EV compensation (e.g., `-3.0` to `+3.0`).
+
+---
+
+#### `XU1 0x09` — `WHITE_BALANCE_EXT` (129 Bytes)
+Verified in `SetWhiteBalanceParam` (`0x10019afe0`) and `GetWhiteBalanceParam` (`0x10019b264`).
+- `byte[0]`: `u8` White balance mode
+- `byte[1..129]`: `[u32; 32]` Little-endian channel calibration gains (`128` bytes).
+
+---
+
+#### `XU1 0x0a` — `EXTEND_FUNC_BITMASK` (8 Bytes)
+Verified in `EnableExtendFuncWork` (`0x100199afc`), `GetExtendFuncStatus` (`0x100199dd0`), `EnableVerticalScreen` (`0x10019b7d0`), `EnableLowResolution` (`0x10019b854`), and the `CameraInsta::Init` jump table at `0x102864a20`.
+
+**Wire Layout (8 Bytes)**:
+| Byte Offset | Type | Field | Description |
+| :---: | :---: | :--- | :--- |
+| `0..4` | `u32` LE | `mask` | Bitmask of feature bit(s) being modified (`1u32 << bit_index` on `SET_CUR`) |
+| `4..8` | `u32` LE | `values` | Full 32-bit state bitmask of all enabled extended functions |
+
+**Complete `ExtendFunction` Bit Definitions (`0..14`, verified at `0x102864a20`)**:
+| Bit Index | Bitmask (`1 << bit`) | Enum Variant | Internal Field in `CameraInsta` | Description |
+| :---: | :---: | :--- | :--- | :--- |
+| `0` | `0x0000_0001` | `AiZoom` | `ai_zoom_checked_` | Automatic AI Zoom during tracking |
+| `1` | `0x0000_0002` | `Reserved1` | — | Reserved |
+| `2` | `0x0000_0004` | `Hdr` | `enable_hdr_` | Hardware HDR mode |
+| `3` | `0x0000_0008` | `HorizontalMirror` | `mirror_checked_` | Horizontal image flip / mirror |
+| `4` | `0x0000_0010` | `AllGestures` | `enable_all_gestures_` | Master hand-gesture recognition flag |
+| `5` | `0x0000_0020` | `VerticalMode` | `enable_vertical_mode_` | 9:16 Vertical output resolution |
+| `6` | `0x0000_0040` | `StartupParams` | `enable_startup_params_` | Persist startup parameters in camera NVRAM |
+| `7` | `0x0000_0080` | `SingleTapTracking` | `enable_single_tap_tracking_` | Single-click target selection tracking |
+| `8` | `0x0000_0100` | `AutoTracking` | `enable_auto_tracking_` | Automatic human tracking enable |
+| `9` | `0x0000_0200` | `SmartAdjustment` | `smart_adjustment_checked_` | Smart exposure/frame adjustment |
+| `10` | `0x0000_0400` | `ForcedVertical` | `forced_vertical_` | Uncropped 9:16 portrait mode (physical 90° rotation) |
+| `11` | `0x0000_0800` | `UltimatePrivacyMode` | `enable_privacy_mode_` | 10-second inactivity sleep / gimbal tilt-down privacy |
+| `12` | `0x0000_1000` | `VerticalMirror` | `enable_vertically_mirror_` | Vertical image flip (upside-down mount) |
+| `13` | `0x0000_2000` | `LowResolution` | `enable_low_resolution_` | Low-resolution compatibility mode |
+| `14` | `0x0000_4000` | `TrackForbiddenArea` | `enable_track_forbidden_area_` | Enforce tracking forbidden zones |
+
+---
+
+#### `XU1 0x0b` — `PANTILT_RELATIVE_EXT` (4 Bytes)
+Verified in `SetPanTiltRelative` (`0x1001990f4`) and `GetPanTiltRelative`.
+- **Payload**: `[pan_speed: u8, pan_dir: i8, tilt_speed: u8, tilt_dir: i8]`
+- Note that the byte order (`speed` then `dir`) is reversed compared to standard UVC `CT_PANTILT_RELATIVE_CONTROL` (`0x0e`, which uses `dir` then `speed`).
+- `dir`: `0` = Stop, `1` = Positive (Right / Up), `-1` (`0xff`) = Negative (Left / Down).
+
+---
+
+#### `XU1 0x0c` — `DEVICE_STATUS` (4 Bytes, `GET_CUR`)
+Verified in `GetDeviceStatus` (`0x10019b8dc`). Returns a 32-bit little-endian status bitmask (`DeviceStatus`):
+- Bit 0 (`0x01`): `TRACKING_ACTIVE`
+- Bit 1 (`0x02`): `WHITEBOARD_ACTIVE`
+- Bit 2 (`0x04`): `GESTURE_DETECTED`
+- Bit 3 (`0x08`): `PRIVACY_SLEEP`
+- Bit 4 (`0x10`): `OVERHEAD_MODE`
+- Bit 5 (`0x20`): `DESKVIEW_MODE`
+- Bit 6 (`0x40`): `UPGRADING`
+
+---
+
+#### `XU1 0x0d` — `PTZ_VERSION_AND_ABS` (30 Bytes, `GET_CUR`)
+Verified in `GetPTZVersionInfo` (`0x1001993bc`) and `GetPanTiltAbsoluteValue` (`0x1001996cc`).
+- `byte[0..20]`: Null-terminated ASCII gimbal firmware version string (e.g. `"v1.3.1.0_build0"`).
+- `byte[20..22]`: `i16` LE current Pan angle (in `0.1°` units, `1° = 10` units = `3600 arcsec`).
+- `byte[22..24]`: `i16` LE current Tilt angle (in `0.1°` units).
+- `byte[24..26]`: `u16` LE current Zoom ratio (`100..400`).
+- `byte[26]`: `u8` Gimbal status byte.
+- `byte[27..30]`: Reserved.
+
+---
+
+#### `XU1 0x0e` — `PRESET_POSITION_FLAGS` (8 Bytes, `GET_CUR`)
+Verified in `GetCurPresetPositionFlag` (`0x1001997c0`).
+- `byte[0]`: `slot_mask` (`u8` bitmask of saved presets, bits `0..5`).
+- `byte[1]`: `current_slot` (`u8` index of active preset).
+- `byte[2]`: `max_slots` (`u8`, typically `6`).
+- `byte[3..8]`: Reserved.
+
+---
+
+#### `XU1 0x0f` — `USB_MODE_SWITCH` (4 Bytes, `SET_CUR`)
+Verified in `SwitchMscReadOnlyClass` (`0x10019b998`) and `DownloadFileFromCamera` (`0x10019b928`):
+- `[0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00]`: Trigger diagnostic log / file download mode.
+- `[0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00]`: Switch camera USB personality to Read-Only Mass Storage Class (MSC) / Simple-Class mode for firmware upgrade.
+
+---
+
+## 7. Proprietary Extension Unit 2 (`XU2`) Selectors (`0x01` – `0x0f`)
+
+- **GUID**: `E307E649-4618-A3FF-82FC-2D8B5F216773`
+- **Default Unit ID**: `10` (`0x0a`)
+- **Binary Implementation**: `MacUVCCameraExtendController` (`0x100195a18`–`0x10019c478`)
+
+### Summary Table of `XU2` Selectors
+
+| Selector | Constant Name | Size | Requests | Primary Function |
+| :---: | :--- | :---: | :---: | :--- |
+| `0x01` | `GESTURE_BINDING_MAP` | 16B | `SET_CUR`, `GET_CUR` | Map hand gestures (`0..4`) to `GestureFunction` actions (`0..4`) |
+| `0x02` | `SYSTEM_TIME_AND_IQ` | 10B | `SET_CUR` | Sync host UTC timestamp, set IQ switches (`D0`/`D1`), or restore factory settings |
+| `0x03` | `DEVICE_INFO` | 150B | `GET_CUR` | Read device name (`[0..50]`), firmware version (`[50..100]`), and serial number (`[100..150]`) |
+| `0x04` | `IMAGE_TEMPLATE_INFO` | 11B | `SET_CUR`, `GET_CUR` | Image preset template save/apply/delete & populated 64-bit slot bitmask |
+| `0x05` | `IMAGE_TEMPLATE_NAME` | 65B | `SET_CUR`, `GET_CUR` | Read/write 64-byte ASCII name for image template `id` (`byte[0]`) |
+| `0x06` | `FILTER_MODE` | 1B | `SET_CUR`, `GET_CUR` | Hardware LUT color filter (`0..=8`) |
+| `0x07` | *(Reserved)* | — | — | Unused in v2.0.2 |
+| `0x08` | `PRIVACY_AND_FILL_LIGHT` | 4B | `SET_CUR`, `GET_CUR` | Hardware privacy mode (`[2, enable, 0, 0]`) and fill light parameters |
+| `0x09` | `HOST_PTZ` | 8B | `SET_CUR` | Digital crop box on gimbal-less cameras (`u16 x, y, width, height`, normalized `0..5140`) |
+| `0x0a` | `TRACK_OBJECT_LIST_V2` | `N * 10B` | `GET_LEN`, `GET_CUR` | Detected trackable objects bounding box array (`GetNewTrackObjLists` for Link 2 / 2C) |
+| `0x0b` | `TRACK_FORBIDDEN_AREA` | 40B | `SET_CUR`, `GET_CUR` | Configure/enable gimbal tracking exclusion zones (`ForbiddenAreaInfo_s`) |
+| `0x0c` | `DEFAULT_TRACK_MODE` | 1B | `SET_CUR`, `GET_CUR` | Default AI tracking mode (`0` = Single Person, `1` = Group / Auto Framing) |
+| `0x0d` | `HORIZONTAL_CORRECTION` | 1B | `SET_CUR`, `GET_CUR` | Gimbal horizon leveling (`0` = Off, `1` = On; Link 2 `0x4c04`) |
+| `0x0e` | `REAL_ZOOM_AND_UDISK` | 4B | `SET_CUR`, `GET_CUR` | Query real optical/digital zoom value (`u16` LE) and UDisk open counter |
+| `0x0f` | `REPORT_DATA` | Variable | `GET_LEN`, `GET_CUR` | Telemetry and diagnostic report buffer (`GetReportData`) |
+
+---
+
+### Detailed `XU2` Selector Payloads
+
+#### `XU2 0x01` — `GESTURE_BINDING_MAP` (16 Bytes)
+Verified in `GetGestureBindingMap` (`0x100198384`) and `SetGestureBindingFunc` (`0x10019874c`).
+Maps each `Gesture` (`0..4`) to a `GestureFunction`:
+- `0` = `None`
+- `1` = `AutoTracking`
+- `2` = `Zoom`
+- `3` = `WhiteBoard`
+- `4` = `AutoFraming`
+
+---
+
+#### `XU2 0x02` — `SYSTEM_TIME_AND_IQ` (10 Bytes, `SET_CUR`)
+Multiplexed system control dispatched by `byte[0]`:
+
+| Sub-Opcode (`byte[0]`) | Method in Binary | Address | Wire Payload (10 Bytes) | Description |
+| :---: | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
+| `0x01` | `SetTimestamp(u64 ms)` | `0x10019be40` | `[0x01, ts_le[0..8], 0x00]` | Synchronize camera RTC with 64-bit host timestamp (ms) |
+| `0x02` | `SetIQSwitch(int bit, bool en)` | `0x100199ce0` | `[0x02, mask_u32_le[0..4], 0..]` | Toggle ISP Image Quality switch bit (`0` = `D0`, `1` = `D1`) |
+| `0x04` | `RestoreFactorySet(true)` | `0x10019c1ac` | `[0x04, 0x01, 0x00, ...]` | Full factory reset and reboot camera |
+| `0x05` | `RestoreFactorySet(false)` | `0x10019c1ac` | `[0x05, 0x01, 0x00, ...]` | Restore factory settings without rebooting |
+
+---
+
+#### `XU2 0x03` — `DEVICE_INFO` (150 Bytes, `GET_CUR`)
+Verified in `GetDeviceInfo` (`0x100196e74`) and `GetSerialNumber` (`0x100196d10`).
+Contains three fixed 50-byte null-terminated ASCII strings:
+- `byte[0..50]`: `device_name` (e.g. `"Insta360 Link 2"`)
+- `byte[50..100]`: `firmware_version` (e.g. `"v2.5.8.8_build1"`)
+- `byte[100..150]`: `serial_number` (e.g. `"INK2A240912345"`)
+
+---
+
+#### `XU2 0x04` & `0x05` — `IMAGE_TEMPLATE_INFO` (11 Bytes) & `IMAGE_TEMPLATE_NAME` (65 Bytes)
+Verified in `GetImageTemplateInfo` (`0x10019ba4c`), `SetImageTemplate` (`0x10019bb08`), `DeleteTemplate` (`0x10019bbc8`), `GetImageTemplateName` (`0x10019bc74`), and `SetImageTemplateName` (`0x10019bd14`).
+
+**`XU2 0x04` (`IMAGE_TEMPLATE_INFO`, 11 Bytes)**:
+| Byte Offset | Type | Field | Description |
+| :---: | :---: | :--- | :--- |
+| `0` | `i8` | `current_id` | Active template slot ID (`0..63`, or `-1` if none active) |
+| `1` | `u8` | `operation` | `ImageOperation`: `0` = `None`, `1` = `SaveOrUpdate`, `2` = `Apply` |
+| `2..10` | `u64` LE | `bitmask` | 64-bit mask of populated template slots (`bit N = 1` if slot `N` exists) |
+| `10` | `u8` | `max_templates` | Maximum supported templates (typically `10`) |
+
+**`XU2 0x05` (`IMAGE_TEMPLATE_NAME`, 65 Bytes)**:
+- `byte[0]`: `i8` `template_id` (`0..63`)
+- `byte[1..65]`: 64-byte null-terminated UTF-8/ASCII template name.
+
+---
+
+#### `XU2 0x06` — `FILTER_MODE` (1 Byte)
+Verified in `SetFilter` (`0x10019bdb0`), `GetFilter` (`0x10019bdf8`), and UI mapping at `0x100096f94`:
+| Value | Variant | Filter Name |
+| :---: | :--- | :--- |
+| `0` | `FilterMode::None` | None (Original) |
+| `1` | `FilterMode::Style1` | Style 1 |
+| `2` | `FilterMode::Style2` | Style 2 |
+| `3` | `FilterMode::Fresh` | Fresh |
+| `4` | `FilterMode::Amber` | Amber |
+| `5` | `FilterMode::Film1` | Film 1 |
+| `6` | `FilterMode::Film2` | Film 2 |
+| `7` | `FilterMode::Cool` | Cool |
+| `8` | `FilterMode::Warm` | Warm |
+
+---
+
+#### `XU2 0x08` — `PRIVACY_AND_FILL_LIGHT` (4 Bytes)
+Verified in `SetPrivacyMode` (`0x10019c108`) and `GetPrivacyMode` (`0x10019c168`):
+- **`SET_CUR` (4 Bytes)**: `[0x02, enable_u8, 0x00, 0x00]` where `enable_u8` is `1` (Privacy On) or `0` (Privacy Off).
+- **`GET_CUR` (4 Bytes)**: `byte[0]` = status code (`i8`), `byte[1]` = `1` if privacy mode is enabled else `0`.
+
+---
+
+#### `XU2 0x09` — `HOST_PTZ` (8 Bytes, `SET_CUR`)
+Verified in `SetHostPTZ` (`0x10019bec0`). Used on gimbal-less models (Link 2C `0x4c03` and PUC3 Host `0x4c05`) for digital pan/tilt/zoom cropping within a `5140 × 5140` coordinate space:
+- `byte[0..2]`: `u16` LE `x` (`0..5140`)
+- `byte[2..4]`: `u16` LE `y` (`0..5140`)
+- `byte[4..6]`: `u16` LE `width` (default `5140`)
+- `byte[6..8]`: `u16` LE `height` (default `5140`)
+
+---
+
+#### `XU2 0x0b` — `TRACK_FORBIDDEN_AREA` (40 Bytes)
+Verified in `SetTrackForbiddenArea` (`0x10019bff4`), `GetTrackForbiddenArea` (`0x10019c038`), and `EnableTrackForbiddenArea`. Stores up to 4 `ForbiddenAreaInfo_s` entries (10 bytes each: `u8 enabled, u8 index, i16 pan_min, i16 pan_max, i16 tilt_min, i16 tilt_max`).
+
+---
+
+#### `XU2 0x0c` — `DEFAULT_TRACK_MODE` (1 Byte)
+Verified in `SetDefaultTrackMode` (`0x10019c220`) and `GetDefaultTrackMode` (`0x10019c268`).
+- `byte[0]`: `0` = Single-person tracking, `1` = Multi-person / Group tracking.
+
+---
+
+#### `XU2 0x0d` — `HORIZONTAL_CORRECTION` (1 Byte)
+Verified in `EnableHorizontalCorrection` (`0x10019c2b0`) and `GetEnableHorizontalCorrection` (`0x10019c2f8`).
+- `byte[0]`: `0` = Disabled, `1` = Enabled (supported on Insta360 Link 2 `0x4c04`).
+
+---
+
+#### `XU2 0x0e` — `REAL_ZOOM_AND_UDISK` (4 Bytes)
+Verified in `GetRealZoomValue` (`0x10019c340`), `GetUDiskOpenCount`, and `SetUDiskOpenCount`.
+- `byte[0..2]`: `u16` LE real zoom factor (`100..400`).
+
+---
+
+## 8. Firmware Upgrade Protocol (`UVCCameraExtendControllerImp::FirmwareUpgrade`)
+
+Verified in `UVCCameraExtendControllerImp::FirmwareUpgrade` (`0x10019fc88`) and `MacSimpleClassControlImp` (`0x1001a0a0c`).
+
+Insta360 cameras support two firmware delivery paths depending on the active USB mode:
+1. **Read-Only Mass Storage Class (MSC) Mode**: Triggered via `XU1` selector `0x0f` (`[0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00]`).
+2. **USB Vendor Simple-Class Mode (`PID 0x00c2` or vendor interface)**: Transfers the firmware image over raw USB Vendor Control + Bulk OUT transfers.
+
+### 8.1 Step-by-Step USB Simple-Class Upgrade Sequence (`0x10019fc88`)
+
+1. **Initiate Firmware Transfer (Vendor Control Transfer OUT)**:
+   - `bmRequestType = 0x41` (Host-to-Device, Vendor, Interface)
+   - `bRequest = 0x01`
+   - `wValue = 0x0004`
+   - `wIndex = 0x0000`
+   - `wLength = 137` (`0x0089` bytes)
+   - **137-Byte Header Payload**:
+     - `byte[0..8]`: `u64` LE total firmware file size in bytes
+     - `byte[8]`: `0x5c` (`'\\'` path separator sentinel)
+     - `byte[9..137]`: 128-byte null-padded ASCII target path on camera flash (from `0x1001a0a0c`, e.g. `a:\Insta360WebCamFW.bin`, `a:\Insta360LINK2FW_GIMBAL.bin`, `a:\Insta360LINK2CFW_HOST.bin`, `a:\Insta360PUC3FW_GIMBAL.bin`, or `a:\Insta360PUC3FW_HOST.bin`).
+
+2. **Stream Firmware Image in 512 KB Bulk Chunks**:
+   - **Endpoint**: Bulk OUT Endpoint `0x01`
+   - **Chunk Size**: `0x80000` bytes (`524,288` bytes = 512 KB) per bulk transfer until the entire firmware binary is transmitted.
+
+3. **Verify Firmware Reception (Vendor Control Transfer IN)**:
+   - `bmRequestType = 0xc1` (Device-to-Host, Vendor, Interface)
+   - `bRequest = 0x81`
+   - `wValue = 0x0004`
+   - `wIndex = 0x0000`
+   - `wLength = 1`
+   - **Response**: 1 byte (`0x00` indicates checksum/transfer verification succeeded).
+
+4. **Reboot into Normal UVC Mode (Vendor Control Transfer OUT)**:
+   - `bmRequestType = 0x41` (Host-to-Device, Vendor, Interface)
+   - `bRequest = 0x01`
+   - `wValue = 0x0002`
+   - `wIndex = 0x0000`
+   - `wLength = 1`
+   - **Payload**: `[0x01]`
diff --git a/udev/99-insta360-link.rules b/udev/99-insta360-link.rules
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1e3e11a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/udev/99-insta360-link.rules
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+# Linux udev rules for Insta360 Link / Link 2 / Link 2C / Link 2 Pro (PUC3) webcams
+#
+# Grants non-root desktop users (via systemd-logind uaccess and plugdev/video groups)
+# direct read/write access to the USB device nodes so `insta360-link-ctl`,
+# `insta360-link-server`, and `insta360-link-gui` can issue UVC Extension Unit
+# control transfers without requiring `sudo`.
+#
+# Installation:
+#   sudo cp udev/99-insta360-link.rules /etc/udev/rules.d/99-insta360-link.rules
+#   sudo udevadm control --reload-rules
+#   sudo udevadm trigger
+
+ACTION!="add|change", GOTO="insta360_link_end"
+SUBSYSTEM!="usb", GOTO="insta360_link_end"
+
+# Insta360 Link (1st Gen - 0x4c01)
+ATTRS{idVendor}=="2e1a", ATTRS{idProduct}=="4c01", MODE="0660", GROUP="plugdev", TAG+="uaccess"
+
+# Insta360 Link 2 Pro / PUC3 Gimbal A (0x4c02)
+ATTRS{idVendor}=="2e1a", ATTRS{idProduct}=="4c02", MODE="0660", GROUP="plugdev", TAG+="uaccess"
+
+# Insta360 Link 2C (Fixed-Lens 4K - 0x4c03)
+ATTRS{idVendor}=="2e1a", ATTRS{idProduct}=="4c03", MODE="0660", GROUP="plugdev", TAG+="uaccess"
+
+# Insta360 Link 2 (2-Axis Gimbal 4K - 0x4c04)
+ATTRS{idVendor}=="2e1a", ATTRS{idProduct}=="4c04", MODE="0660", GROUP="plugdev", TAG+="uaccess"
+
+# Insta360 Link 2C Pro / PUC3 Host (0x4c05)
+ATTRS{idVendor}=="2e1a", ATTRS{idProduct}=="4c05", MODE="0660", GROUP="plugdev", TAG+="uaccess"
+
+# Insta360 Link 2 Pro / PUC3 Gimbal B (0x4c06)
+ATTRS{idVendor}=="2e1a", ATTRS{idProduct}=="4c06", MODE="0660", GROUP="plugdev", TAG+="uaccess"
+
+# Insta360 Link Simple-Class / Firmware Upgrade Mode (0x00c2)
+ATTRS{idVendor}=="2e1a", ATTRS{idProduct}=="00c2", MODE="0660", GROUP="plugdev", TAG+="uaccess"
+
+LABEL="insta360_link_end"